"Sustainable tourism in North Sumatra

Describe Indonesia is rich with natural resources that serve tremendous benefits to various industry and one of them is the tourism industry in Indonesia. Moreover, Indonesia also have a variety of culture that have high history value (Yuwana, 2010). As an archipelago country, Indonesia have the potential in developing tourism industry. The development of the industry is not the only impact on the increasing foreign exchange income but also will give an opportunity for the people to open up a new business to reduce unemployment and maintaining the damaged environment is important as well. Increasing international tourist by improving tourism will have positive impact on the supply in tourism industry.

The Understanding of Tourism Industry in North Sumatra

Tourism is one of the industry that have big impact on the economy growth which can increase the gross domestic product (GDP) of a country. Therefore, many countries had set tourism as a leading sector by increasing destinations and investments in order to make tourism the key factors of increasing domestic income, creation of workplace, enterprise and infrastructure development and it will make the people in the country prosper due to the increasing availability of job.

Indonesia is rich with natural resources that serve tremendous benefits to various industry and one of them is the tourism industry in Indonesia. Moreover, Indonesia also have a variety of culture that have high history value (Yuwana, 2010). As an archipelago country, Indonesia have the potential in developing tourism industry. The development of the industry is not the only impact on the increasing foreign exchange income but also will give an opportunity for the people to open up a new business to reduce unemployment and maintaining the damaged environment is important as well. Increasing international tourist by improving tourism will have positive impact on the supply in tourism industry.

The success of the development in tourism industry is based on the acceptance of the area and the PDRB through the total of souvenir that being sold, the total tourist from domestic and international, hotel occupancy and the income per capita. From the perspective of economic, the activity of tourism will give contribution to the area such as tax, car park retribution and ticketing or getting foreign exchange from the international tourist. Having tourism will push the economy from the activity which will increase the income of the people in the area. Tourism in North Sumatra have the potential to be managed and marketed as a trading because having many employee and give a huge contribution to the PDRB.

Tourism industry is one of the useful source in the country after the decrease of the oil (Rahma & Handayani, 2013). It plays the vital role to increase the environment, create new business and infrastructure to make a better life for the society (Yudananto, 2011). There is a positive impact on the non-economic infrastructure which caused by tourism. The positive impact in the non-economic infrastructure such as using the technology and developing the modernisation value or to achieve the social culture value such as to show the country identity or to show respect on the country also be friend between the ethnic and the nation (Sunaryo, 2013).

Environmental

People tend to travel a lot either out of town or overseas for different purposes such as business trip, for education, relaxation or for the medical purposes. This literature review will discuss about the objective of the research, the aim for this research and three research question that are taken from some journals.

The topic of the literature review is about the sustainability of tourism industry and the contribution of development in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Hereby, this research will find out on how does the environtmental issue have been damaged by tourism industry. Moreover, to what extent the economic development of North Sumatra can be contributed through tourism will be investigated.

The study will extensively cover in Lake Toba which is the key attraction to the tourism in North Sumatra. As the consequence, the aim of this research is to identify the emergence of environmental threats in North Sumatra particularly through tourism industry. Furthermore, it can learn about the impact of sustainability in tourism industry of North Sumatra and to what extend does sustainability contribute the development.

1.1. Research Question:

In the research question, there are three question that will be asked and discuss with the appropriate solutions.

What is the prospect of North Sumatra tourism
Is the tourism in North Sumatra sustainable? If yes, can it compared to other countries with similar area?
How can tourism contribute economic value of North Sumatra

1.2. Definition of Tourism

The term of tourism is where people can move to one place to another place for personal purposes or business purposes (United Nations World Tourism Organisation 2008 cited in Westcott, M. 2014) and it is also one of the global industry that makes the economy growth growing rapidly. Based on American website (Go2hr.ca, 2018), it was said that the tourism industry is competitive and need to meet the customer’s expectation such as safety, satisfaction and pleasant.

1.3. History of North Sumatra:

North Sumatra is a province which capital is Medan. It is connected with the Aceh province, Strait Malacca, the Riau province, and the West Sumatra. Furthermore, there is one of the famous tourist places in North Sumatra which is Lake Toba. According to the Indonesia Tourism Board (2018), Lake Toba is the largest lake in Asia and also one of the most famous destination in North Sumatra.

2.1. The Understanding of Tourism Industry in North Sumatra:

To understand more in depth of the tourism industry in North Sumatra, this research is going to use the Triple Bottom Line (TBL). The TBL framework is going to include social, environment and economic as a performance of a business (Goel 2010 cited in Alhaddi, 2015) in North Sumatra. Rojek-Nowosielska (2015) said that the basic of the modern business responsibility is based on the strategy of sustainable development. Moreover, the aim of TBL framework is to value the asset and control the resources in which people can manage well the resources efficiently and effectively.

Social-Culture

The theory is known as people, planet and profit (3P’s) and triple value adding (Robert & Cohen, 2002; cited in Hammer & Pivo, 2016). Using TBL can be the strength that allows people adapt with the framework by the need of different organisations such as businesses or non-profits, different projects or policies infrastructure such as investment or educational programs, or different geographic boundaries in a city, region or country (Slaper, 2018).

2.2. Environmental:

Environment need to be sustained for tourism because without a place there are no people living. The environment can be nature such as beach, lake, mountain and forest and the building environment can be road, hotel, houses and historic building. Environment sustainability, which will cause more on positive impact than the negative, occurs when all the resources can be use by the people both local and tourist.

Tourism infrastructure is a tangible element that is created to attract the visitors. A number of authors has found out about the strong relationship between tourism development and infrastructure (Adobayo and Iweka, 2014) because by having an easy access such as infrastructure, which is (roads, airport, harbour and railway) and services (public services and health care), in a country will attract the tourist. Moreover, building such as hotel, restaurant and other entertainer place is the infrastructure as well that need to meet the want of the tourists expected (Popesku, 2011).

In figure 1, the three types of infrastructure are showed tourism infrastructure is a shared infrastructure, which the market is a tourist destination and it is engaged in the distribution of tourism products that made of a network of regional, state, and national tourism organizations (Tourism & Transport Forum, 2012).

Environmental infrastructure occurs when the tourist can enjoy the tour in a country which have natural value such as national park and Marine Park.

The diagram in figure 2 shows that four components which is physical, cultural, service and governance is part of tourism infrastructure, however the expansion of constructing tourism infrastructure concern a large number of countries and having higher results in tourism will impact on economic development.

Creating the way of managing the connection between tourism infrastructure, tourism and local economy is conditioned by the effect of the overall development (Swyngedouw, 2000). Then the quality of the infrastructure is responsible by the state and public enterprise and public sector. Smith (1994) pinpoint that with the lack of vicinity of tourist destination is an obstacle that can affect tourist's experience and satisfaction in a certain tourist destination. Tourism infrastructure become a crucial role for tourist’s experience while general infrastructure and services is the most important factors for the tourist development.

2.3. Social-culture:

To measure the social line through community of a region of in a country, it is need to include the quality of life, equity and access to social resources, health and well-being, measurements of education, and social capital (Slaper 2018). Socio-culture occurs when the negative impact is minimised and focused on exchanging culture with tourist and maintaining the local traditions. The activity is by sharing the local interest such as dancing and handcraft.

The form of interaction which is associative and dissociative and the nature of the interaction of society and tourists is the basic assumption of social interaction (Soekanto, 2012: 65-97). There is no mutual trust between the tourists and the local community because there will be the community representatives who are the people that the tourists interact with in the constraints space and time. The form of tour packages is some of the interaction that has been arranged and the relation between the tourists and the society is unequal relation because the tourists are more superior while the community follows the tourists' wishes (Pitana dan Gayatri 2005: 81-82).

The development of tourism and the high tourist arrival in tourist destination is explained in the irritation index theory about the changing people attitude toward tourist. Doxey introduced the irritation index theory in 1975 (Reisinger, 2009: 220-221). The theory illustrate that the high tourist arrival will change public attitude from positive become negative. There are four step in changing an attitude which are euphoria, apathy, annoyance and antagonism. The increasing frequency of meeting or interaction with the tourist will change people's attitude towards tourist which illustrated in the four step (Budiarsa, Thelisa and Widiastuti, 2018 4[2]: 228-239)

The modernisation theory is about basic assumption that move the characteristics of modern society or particular society to follow as a model of modern society by the shape and direction of socio cultural change of society. In general, the flow of modernisation is followed and imitated by the people who think tourists are more advanced. The modernisation theory is said that the traditional point of view need to be modern (Sztompka, 2004).

The process globalisation is the characteristic of modernisation which is individualism, rationality, economise, development and the job differentiation (Kumar, 1988 in Sztompka, 2004). According to Rosana (2011) is said that the change of social culture is related to the belief of social norm and value, organisational structure, social behaviour pattern, public bureaucracy and social interaction.

2.4. Social-Economic:

Social economic is always separately defined. In the theory of social, it is illustrated the people while in the social department define it as a part of an activity that cause the people feel secure in the economic and social as well. In Indonesian dictionary is said that social is occurred to please the society (KBBI, 1996:958). Human needs other people’s help to satisfy their needs and it shows as pleasing the needs of people.

The economic measures are the bottom line which is the flow of the financial. The measures include business climate factors, business diversity factors, taxes, employment, and the income or expenditures (Slaper 2018). In Indonesia dictionary (KBBI, 1996:251) said that economic is a theory about the production, distribution and wealth. Money is crucial in human life because money can cover basic needs such as food and shelter (Gulf band centre, 2018) so economic play the role in the tourism sustainability.

The economic sustainability occurs when a country keep the money local and reduce leakages. When a foreigner or an international brand company own, and operates hotels or company in a country it invested, those international companies will not contribute much to the local economy because the money will leak overseas. This action is not sustaining in the long run and will only give negative impacts to the country.

Thus, socio economic is the need that people have to fulfil mainly the primary needs such as food, clothes, house, education and also health. All of the needs are connected to the income. Having interaction like buying something from the local people will give the financial benefits for both tourist and local people.

In this chapter, it will show an overview of several methods to give an accuracy on the studies. The discussion will also cover the area of research design, type of variable, sampling, data collection and also data analysis.

3.1 Research Design

The intention of doing research is to find out the new fact about the studies that have not been searched (Walliman, N., 2011). The method of the research is organised in define the objective, arrange data and the data finding is occurred inside the framework and followed with the existing guidelines. There is some indication that the framework and the guideline provide such as what to include in the research, how to achieve the research and what types of suggestion that based on the collected data (Williams, C, 2007). The research is including three types of research which is qualitative, quantitative and mixed method.

Qualitative research is a research that engaged with findings in theory as a data and in Creswell (1994 cited in William, 2007) opinion, he describes qualitative research as an extension of framework that occurs to develop different part from people’s behaviour or opinion in real life. The data theory’s explanations (Firestone, 1998) and participant’s point of view are investigated and it is known as social phenomenon in qualitative research. Using qualitative research could create biases because most of the answer is based on peoples’ opinion.

Quantitative research is a set of data from statistical information in order to support the knowledge (Creswell, 2003, p.153 cited in William, 2007) of the researchers. The method of quantitative research occurs when the researcher discovers the relationship between concepts that originated from previous theoretical scheme.

Mixed method research is the combination research of qualitative research and quantitative research. This paper will be using the mixed method to avoid biases.

For the present research work, mixed research work will be considered because it will utilise both the qualitative and quantitative work.

3.2 Type of Variable:

Variable is occurred when the researcher can observe or measure and varies by the trait or part of an individual or a group of societies in the studies. The purpose is to let the researcher collect the information and compare the data of the studies. (Creswell, 2012)

There are eight type of variable which is dependent variable, independent variable, measured variable, control variable, treatment variable, moderating variable, locating independent variable and intervening variable.

Dependent variable is a characteristic that influenced by the independent variable and usually can be found in the literature as the result.

For the present research work development of the tourism and hospitality industry is dependent variable, whereas, economic development, local culture, personal income, job creativity and environment will be independent variable.

The hypothesis in this research will show the connection between environment, economic and social.

Having good environment will impact on the growth of economic development in the country and it will give an opportunity for the people to have a better income.
Increasing tourist will impact on the growth of economic development in the country but the local culture may diminish.
Having environment problem will impact on the slowdown the growth of the economic development.

3.3. Population and Sampling:

Population is a place that consist of both subject and object with some characteristic (Sugiyono 2005: 90). According to Arikunto (2002), population in the research is an overall subject in the research or the totality of the overall in a sample. Sample is some part of population that is taken for the purpose of the research. Sampling is a study about a number of people from larger group or population in the research field (Notoatmojo, 2005). There are non-probability sampling and probability sampling. Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique that acquire the sample that taken

This research will be conducted in some population in Medan and Prapat (Lake Toba). The sample will be around 100 respondents that will be selected randomly. There are 40 respondents from face to face interview which was obtained from the travel agency in North Sumatra, Medan and the other 60 respondents are from online survey which was obtained from social media (Instagram, WhatsApp and Line).

3.4 Data Collection:

3.4.1 Primary Research:

Primary research is the method which is more scientific or logical. The technique of collecting the primary data is usually from one place to another place to help the researcher to learn more specific in the studies. The objective of collecting the primary data is to find out something innovative which can also be accepted in reality and also to avoid biases. (Driscoll, 2011)

There are some methods that researcher can use to collect the primary data. The method is survey, observation and interview.

Survey is one of the method to collect useful data in logical manner which to show in particular interest in some population in specific areas by using a great concept and techniques (Minister of industry, 2003). Moreover, it is also defined as a source of collecting information from a group of people about their opinion said Pinsonneault and Kraemer (1993 p. 77 cited in Glasow, 2005).

Observation is the other method which the researcher needs to observe what is going on in the specific area. The benefit of using observation is where the researcher get the result without any interaction with people and let the researcher discover people’s action or habit in the specific area. (Bryant, M., 2018). Moreover, there are two types of observation which is unstructured observation and structured observation. Unstructured observation is where the observer will write down what is correct based on what the observer see in the research field while structured observation is where the observer does the observation according to the plan and write down the time structurally in the area of research.

Interview is a process of communication between the interviewer and people through face to face or through telephone to gather the information (Zarinpoush & Eastwaramoorthy, 2006) which is needed. There are several types of research in interview which is structured interview, semi structure interview and unstructured interview.

Structured interview is a direct question which is organised with mostly a yes and no answer. As Berg (2007 cited in Alshenqeeti, 2014) point of view, structured interview makes both the interviewer and interviewees got less openness to each other. Moreover, the type of interview can be argued as a quantitative questionnaire of the basic assumption and form.

For this analysis, the researcher have considered 150 population who are related to the tourism industry of the North Sumatra and out of them 100 respondents has been randomly chosen for the sample population.

3.4.2 Secondary data:

Secondary data is the data comes from reports, news and online research that has combined into one data. The secondary data is included the literature review which theory is all from another credible journal.

3.5 Data analysis:

Considering the mixed method of research design and analysis of the primary and secondary data, statistical tools such as SPSS will be utilised. Through the analysis of the descriptive data analysis, researcher will utilise the regression analysis.

3.6. Discussion:

This discussion is study about the sustainability of tourism industry and the contribution of development in North Sumatra. The study will also give the answer referring to the research question. Based on the data that have been collected through some articles, it shows unexpected result of North Sumatra.

Conclusion

Nevertheless, there is an increasing growth in tourism sector in North Sumatra in which the economic growth is also increasing. Moreover, it is good that North Sumatra become a place of interest of other countries which also keen on investing in North Sumatra because the direct investment from foreign will benefit both the industry that receive and other domestic industries which the effect can improve in human capital and technology (Rappaport 2000 cited in Upreti 2015).

Through direct investment from foreign, the host country will benefit by adding more employment, more knowledge and new technology and the volume of domestic investment may increase as well (Borensztein, DeGregorio and Lee 1998 cited in Upreti 2015). There will be a negative effect on the recipient country which cause by the foreign direct investment because the foreign industry will invest in the productive capital only. Therefore, the domestic industry will be set out when the nation safety is low (Hanson 2001 cited in Upreti 2015).

International trade and economic growth will have a positive relationship by exporting and importing said Upreti (2015). Then the higher rate of export growth is strongly connected with the higher rates of economic growth, which is found by Kavoussi (1984 cited in Upreti 2015), and it gives positive impact for the countries income that are middle and low. The openness of trade will help the poor country expand the growth in both productivity and human capital (Harrison 1996 cited in Upreti 2015). Upreti (2015) stated that least developed countries are highly depend on basic agriculture.

To sum up, it is good that a country’s economic growth is increasing because it will help people maintaining the quality of their lives by having job, get education, get enough food and standard living cost. Moreover, people; environmental and economy are the three components that can cause a country economic growth merit or demerit. In addition, it is clearly see that because of the natural disaster, the tourism sector has been dropped slightly for the short term.

5. Analysis:

North Sumatra is acknowledged as one of the favourite destination of the tourists who come to visit Sumatra Island, which is a province of Singapore. As per the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism, it has been argued that it is one of the top ten tourist destination of the country and presently it is attracting a wide array of tourists around the world. As it can be seen from the literature review, tourism industry of Indonesia is popular for the Lake Toba and being the largest volcanic lake, it attract lot of visitors throughout the year. As of now, there are more than 14,262,100 citizen in the island and with the rise in tourism it is having large amount of growth in the same.

Largest amount of immigration can be observed in this area and the population is made of Batak, Javanese, Malay and other tribes who made almost 81% of population. More than 95% of the population in the area are Muslim and the second largest religion worshiped in this area is Christianity with fewer population with Buddhism religion can be seen in this area. This section of the report is aimed to describe the sustainability of the North Sumatran tourism industry in the coming days with the statistical analysis along with secondary source analysis. The analysis is based on the data retrieved from the 100 sample who are being surveyed regarding the sustainability of the North Sumatran tourism industry sustainability.

5.1 Graphical presentation of the findings:

From the figure 7 it can be seen that out of 100 respondents 50% believe that tourism industry under the present governmental guidance is expected to grow in near future, where as 29% of the respondents believe that it will fall. 14% of the respondents thinks that it will grow at lower rate compared to the peer destination of tourism and contrary to this 7% of the population believes that the North Sumatran tourism will remain stagnant. One of the main reasons for the same can be seen due to the rise in the governmental support towards the tourism industry of this region. Over the decade government aid and the liberalisation of the economy has allowed more and more visitors to this area allowing it have good growth prospect.

As per the figure 8, it can be seen that 52% out of to the total sample population strongly agrees that North Sumatran tourism industry get adequate amount of governmental support, whereas only 6% strongly disagree. 26% of population agree with the proposition that Sumatran tourism industry is getting adequate amount of government support and adding both the sample who strongly agrees and agrees with the above mentioned proposition, it can be seen that almost 78% believes it is true.

However 11% of the sample population, fails to identify the amount of governmental support towards the north Sumatran tourism industry and 5% disagreed with the proposition. From the figure 8, it can clearly be said that most of the population of the north Sumatran region are happy with the amount of the governmental support towards their tourism industry.

Environment is one of the major factors that influence the tourism industry in different nation. North Sumatra being a tropical attract, throughout the year have soothing weather for the tourism, however, during monsoon season, tourism industry face little fall in the number of the visitors. As it can be seen from the figure 9, 87% of the sample population believes that the north Sumatran environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state and from the analysis of the geographic position of the Sumatran island it can be seen that it is true. As per the report north Sumatra faced highest amount of tourist during the summer and spring and the number of the visitors starts to fall gradually during the monsoon and winter.

As it can be seen from the above analysis that tourism industry of Sumatra faces moderate amount of fluctuation due to the change in the weather condition. Thus, having environment problem will impact on the slowdown the growth of the tourism industry development will provide an impact as well. As it can be seen from the figure 10, 38% of the population strongly agrees with the same and 23% of the sample population agree with the same proposition. Considering the distribution of the population regarding the impact of environment on the Sumatran tourism, it can be seen that it has good amount of impact on the tourism industry of the state.

As per the figure 11, it can be seen that out of the sample population 74% believes that there is wide amount of difference between that tourism industry of mainland Singapore and Malaysia. One of the main reasons for the same is good transportation, availability of the hospitality services in the peers states and exposure of the same to the greater number of tourists. Apart from this, though North Sumatra is a part of the Singapore province, it lacks in case of connectivity and has struggled enough due to the climatic fluctuation that has caused them to face reduced amount of tourists.

On the other hand, on 26% of the sample population believes that there is significant amount of growth in the Sumatran tourism industry compared to the Malaysia and on the other hand it has enhanced the performance of the domestic economy as well. Large amount of sample population believes that there is significant amount of difference between the performance of the Singaporean tourism industry and Malaysian tourism industry compared to the north Sumatra.

Almost 92% of the sample population believes that tourism industry of north Sumatra provides good value to the domestic economy and it can also be seen that it has produced job enough to reduce the unemployment rate of the economy lower.

93% of the sample population believes that tourism industry of north Sumatra produces sufficient amount of job that has enhanced the performance of the domestic economy. With the rise in the employment, it can be seen that, there is considerable amount of rise in the Human Development Index (HDI) as well as Standard of Living of the North Sumatran population has also increased. It can also be seen that there is moderate amount of decrease in the unemployment level due to the rise in the job creation in the north Sumatran region through the growth in the tourism industry of this place.

From the figure 14, it can be seen that economy of Singapore has produced job by a moderate number through the tourism industry and as per trend, it has potential to enhance the job creation by 40%. Same trend is followed by the neighbouring countries as well that provides North Sumatra ability to have same kind of growth rate in employment too.

though there has is good amount of governmental support towards the tourism industry of Sumatra, it can be seen that a lag is also there in terms of the infrastructural development, connectivity with the mainland of Singapore and the other allied service is missing. Lack of hospitality service is one of the major reason that has caused stagnant movement in the growth path of the Sumatran tourism industry. Thus, as per finding of the researchers, it can be seen that most of the population thinks that government should provide support in order to grow a good hospitality industry and in addition to this, governmental aid to develop infrastructure is also essential for the growth and sustainability of the north Sumatran tourism industry.

From the figure 15, it can be seen that under the governmental support and present forecast of the Sumatran tourism industry, the same is sustainable and it has good potential to grow in future. Out of the 100 sample population, 74% believes that there is good amount of sustainability in the north Sumatran tourism industry and from the same, it can also be inferred that, most of the population of the state also have similar perception regarding the sustainability of the tourism industry.

As it can be seen from the figure 16, there is moderate amount of GDP share sourced by the economy of Singapore. Presently it is showing an upward sloping growth rate in GDP share and as per forecast, by the end of 2027, it will share highest amount of income to its domestic economy compared to its peer nations. On other hand it can be seen that, North Sumatra has GDP growth rate of 5.2%, whereas, in case of Singapore it is 5% during the last one decade (Huber 2015).

Moreover, if, the tourism industry of these different states is considered, then it can be seen that, there is much similarity in terms of growth, job creation and other macroeconomic variables. It showcase that North Sumatra will have the same trend and enhance its GDP share to the domestic economy considering the almost identical growth path of tourism industry (Oakley 2015).

Next section of the research will portray the relation between the different factors of the Sumatran tourism industry through the correlation analysis and the frequency distribution analysis.

5.2 Frequency distribution:

Below tables showcase that there were 100 sample population and they were surveyed with different question in order to perceive different views regarding the Sumatran tourism industry.

Statistics
		What is the prospect of North Sumatra tourism?	Is North Sumatran tourism industry gets government support?	Does North Sumatran environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state?	Having environment problem will impact on the slowdown the growth of the tourism industry development?	Is the tourism in North Sumatra sustainable?
N	Valid	100	100	100	100	100
N	Missing	0	0	0	0	0

Statistics
		Does tourism contribute economic value of North Sumatra?	Does tourism of North Sumatra produce job?
N	Valid	100	100
N	Missing	0	0

Frequency Table

As per the frequency table it can be seen that out of total population 50% believes that Sumatran tourism industry will grow at higher rate and 29% believes that it will face a fall in the tourism industry. On the other hand 7% of the population believes that it will remain stagnant and 14% believe that it will grow at lower rate.

thus from the frequency distribution it is also true that most of the sample population believes that Sumatran tourism will grow at a higher rate in the future days; however, relevance of the same cannot be inferred from the frequency distribution.

What is the prospect of North Sumatra tourism?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Will face fall in tourism industry	29	29.0	29.0	29.0
	Will grow at lower rate	14	14.0	14.0	43.0
	Will grow in future at higher rate	50	50.0	50.0	93.0
	Will remain stagnant	7	7.0	7.0	100.0
	Total	100	100.0	100.0

Table 1: What is the prospect of North Sumatra tourism?

Source: (Created by Author)

As per the table 1, it can be seen that 52% out of to the total sample population strongly agrees that North Sumatran tourism industry get adequate amount of governmental support, whereas only 6% strongly disagree. 26% of population agree with the proposition that Sumatran tourism industry is getting adequate amount of government support and adding both the sample who strongly agrees and agrees with the above mentioned proposition .

it can be seen that almost 78% believes it is true. However 11% of the sample population, fails to identify the amount of governmental support towards the north Sumatran tourism industry and 5% disagreed with the proposition. From the table 1, it can clearly be said that most of the population of the north Sumatran region are happy with the amount of the governmental support towards their tourism industry.

Is North Sumatran tourism industry gets government support?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Agree	26	26.0	26.0	26.0
	Disagree	5	5.0	5.0	31.0
	Neutral	11	11.0	11.0	42.0
	Strongly agree	52	52.0	52.0	94.0
	Strongly disagree	6	6.0	6.0	100.0
	Total	100	100.0	100.0

Table 2: Is North Sumatran tourism industry gets government support?

Source: (Created by Author)

When it comes to the environmental impact of north Sumatran on its tourism industry, then it can be seen that 87% believes that it has good amount of impact, where as 8% of the sample population remain unanswered for the same. In addition to this, it can also be seen that 5% of population argues that there is less or no impact of the environmental condition on the performance and sustainability of the Sumatran tourism industry.

Does North Sumatran environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Maybe	8	8.0	8.0	8.0
	No	5	5.0	5.0	13.0
	Yes	87	87.0	87.0	100.0
	Total	100	100.0	100.0

Table 3: Does North Sumatran environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state?

Source: (Created by Author)

in order to clear the impact of the environmental anomaly on the tourism industry of Sumatra, respondents were asked about the magnitude of the relation between these two factors and it can be seen that 38% believes that there is strong relation, where as 15% strongly disagrees regarding the same. 11% sample population remain neutral regarding the same showcasing the lack in the environmental knowledge and its relation with the tourism is present in north Sumatra.

Having environment problem will impact on the slowdown the growth of the tourism industry development?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Agree	23	23.0	23.0	23.0
	Disagree	13	13.0	13.0	36.0
	Neutral	11	11.0	11.0	47.0
	Strongly agree	38	38.0	38.0	85.0
	Strongly disagree	15	15.0	15.0	100.0
	Total	100	100.0	100.0

Table 4: Having environment problem will impact on the slowdown the growth of the tourism industry development?

Source: (Created by Author)

As it can be seen from the table 5, 91% of the sample population believes that there is good amount of sustainability in case of the tourism industry of Sumatra.

Is the tourism in North Sumatra sustainable?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	No	9	9.0	9.0	9.0
	Yes	91	91.0	91.0	100.0
	Total	100	100.0	100.0

Table 5: Is the tourism in North Sumatra sustainable?

Source: (Created by Author)

Does tourism contribute economic value of North Sumatra?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	No	8	8.0	8.0	8.0
	Yes	92	92.0	92.0	100.0
	Total	100	100.0	100.0

Table 6: Does tourism contribute economic value of North Sumatra?

Source: (Created by Author)

Does tourism of North Sumatra produce job?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	No	9	9.0	9.0	9.0
	Yes	91	91.0	91.0	100.0
	Total	100	100.0	100.0

Table 7: Does tourism of North Sumatra produce job?

Source: (Created by Author)

From the above analysis, it can be seen that, factors like environment, governmental aid and job creation are the main driving factor that has enriching the tourism industry of the state. In order to understand the level of association of these factors, regression analysis has been done below.

5.3 Regression analysis:

Thorough this regression analysis, researcher will try to showcase the relation between the different factors of the Sumatran economy that influence the sustainability, performance and the growth of the tourism industry.

Variables Entered/Removed^a
Model	Variables Entered	Variables Removed	Method
1	Does North Sumatran environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state?, Is tourism industry of North Sumatra comparable with Singapore and Malaysia?, Does tourism of North Sumatra produce job?, Does tourism contribute economic value of North Sumatra?^b	.	Enter

a. Dependent Variable: Is the tourism in North Sumatra sustainable?

b. All requested variables entered.

Model Summary
Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate
1	.832^a	.692	.679	.163

Table 8: Model summary

Source: (Created by Author)

a. Predictors: (Constant), Does North Sumatran environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state?, Is tourism industry of North Sumatra comparable with Singapore and Malaysia?, Does tourism of North Sumatra produce job?, Does tourism contribute economic value of North Sumatra?

As it can be seen from the table 8, adjusted R Square value is .679 that showcase it is a good fir model that define the relation among the factors that influence the tourism industry of the state.

ANOVA^a
Model		Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
1	Regression	5.664	4	1.416	53.259	.000^b
	Residual	2.526	95	.027
	Total	8.190	99

Table 9: ANOVA table

Source: (Created by Author)

a. Dependent Variable: Is the tourism in North Sumatra sustainable?

b. Predictors: (Constant), Does North Sumatran environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state?, Is tourism industry of North Sumatra comparable with Singapore and Malaysia?, Does tourism of North Sumatra produce job?, Does tourism contribute economic value of North Sumatra?

From the table 9, it can be seen that factors like environment, job creation, and economic performance are significant factors and positively related with the sustainability of the North Sumatran tourism industry growth.

Table 10 showcase provide a detailed view of the chosen model that tries to trace the sustainability of the Sumatran tourism industry. It produces significance level for the different variables and demonstrate the level of association between the sustainability of the tourism industry of North Sumatra and the other factors.

Coefficients^a
Model		Unstandardized Coefficients		Standardized Coefficients	t	Sig.
Model		B	Std. Error	Beta	t	Sig.
1	(Constant)	.073	.141		.518	.606
	Does tourism contribute economic value of North Sumatra?	.701	.084	.664	8.345	.000
	Does tourism of North Sumatra produce job?	.129	.079	.129	1.637	.105
	Is tourism industry of North Sumatra comparable with Singapore and Malaysia?	.008	.038	.012	.213	.831
	Does North Sumatran environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state?	.084	.031	.168	2.736	.007

Table 10: Correlations between different factors of tourism of North Sumatra

Source: (Created by Author)

Dependent Variable: Is the tourism in North Sumatra sustainable?

As it can be seen from the table 10, tourism industry contributes significantly to the growth of the economy and environmental factors influence the performance and sustainability of the North Sumatran tourism industry. However, when it comes to the performance analysis with the Singapore and Malaysia, then it can be seen that, there is no significance with the same with the sustainability of the Sumatran tourism industry.

Is tourism industry of North Sumatra comparable with Singapore and Malaysia?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	No	74	74.0	74.0	74.0
	Yes	26	26.0	26.0	100.0
	Total	100	100.0	100.0

In Which factor(s) North Sumatra need to focus for better sustainability of tourism industry?
		Frequency	Percent	Valid Percent	Cumulative Percent
Valid	Cultural factors	13	13.0	13.0	13.0
	Environmental factors	6	6.0	6.0	19.0
	Governmental aid	27	27.0	27.0	46.0
	Governmental aid; Cultural factors	1	1.0	1.0	47.0
	Governmental aid; Socioeconomic factors	2	2.0	2.0	49.0
	Hospitality industry	28	28.0	28.0	77.0
	Hospitality industry; Governmental aid; Socioeconomic factors;Environmental factors	1	1.0	1.0	78.0
	Hospitality industry; Socioeconomic factors	1	1.0	1.0	79.0
	Socioeconomic factors	20	20.0	20.0	99.0
	Socioeconomic factors;Environmental factors	1	1.0	1.0	100.0
	Total	100	100.0	100.0

Table 11: In which factor(s) North Sumatra need to focus for better sustainability of tourism industry?

Source: (Created by Author)

As it can be seen from the table 11, cumulative percentage shows 28% of people thinks growth in the hospitality industry and 20% believes socio economic factors can enhance the sustainability of the tourism industry of North Sumatra. 27% believes that governmental aid alone can be beneficial in order to provide the sustainability to the North Sumatran tourism industry. Contrary to this, largest population out of sample thinks that the growth in the hospitality industry, socioeconomic factors and better performance of the environmental factors can enhance the sustainability of the North Sumatran tourism industry.

5.4 Correlation analysis:

This section will showcase the correlation between the different factors of the North Sumatran tourism industry.


		Is the tourism in North Sumatra sustainable?	Does tourism contribute economic value of North Sumatra?	Does tourism of North Sumatra produce job?
Is the tourism in North Sumatra sustainable?	Pearson Correlation	1	.809^**	.634^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)		.000	.000
	N	100	100	100
Does tourism contribute economic value of North Sumatra?	Pearson Correlation	.809^**	1	.680^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000		.000
	N	100	100	100
Does tourism of North Sumatra produce job?	Pearson Correlation	.634^**	.680^**	1
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000	.000
	N	100	100	100
Is tourism industry of North Sumatra comparable with Singapore and Malaysia?	Pearson Correlation	-.053	-.077	.027
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.603	.445	.789
	N	100	100	100
Does North Sumatran environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state?	Pearson Correlation	.435^**	.344^**	.313^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.000	.000	.002
	N	100	100	100

Table 12: Correlation among North Sumatran tourism sustainability, economic value sharing and job creation

Source: (Created by Author)

From the table 12, it can be seen that 2 tailed significance test showcase that factors like north Sumatran economic factors, environmental condition are the main associated factors that can alter the performance of the tourism industry of the state. However, it is also true that factors like performance difference between the Singapore and North Sumatra and Malaysia with North Sumatra are not significant as it can be seen from the regression analysis too.

		Is tourism industry of North Sumatra comparable with Singapore and Malaysia?	Does North Sumatran environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state?
Is the tourism in North Sumatra sustainable?	Pearson Correlation	-.053	.435^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.603	.000
	N	100	100
Does tourism contribute economic value of North Sumatra?	Pearson Correlation	-.077^**	.344
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.445	.000
	N	100	100
Does tourism of North Sumatra produce job?	Pearson Correlation	.027^**	.313^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.789	.002
	N	100	100
Is tourism industry of North Sumatra comparable with Singapore and Malaysia?	Pearson Correlation	1	-.101
	Sig. (2-tailed)		.315
	N	100	100
Does North Sumatran environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state?	Pearson Correlation	-.101^**	1^**
	Sig. (2-tailed)	.315
	N	100	100

Table 13: Correlation between North Sumatran tourism environmental influence and comparability with Singapore and Malaysia

Source: (Created by Author)

Correlation between North Sumatran tourism environmental influence and comparability with Singapore and Malaysia is not significant at all. Apart from the fact that north Sumatran tourism industry have good amount of importance to the domestic industry, none is significant factors for the sustainability of the north Sumatran economy.

6.1 Addressing the objectives:

The first objective of the paper has been to have an idea about the prospect of tourism in North Sumatra. It is seen that North Sumatra has a high prospect for the development of tourism as all the data has shown positivity.

The next objective has been to understand whether tourism in North Sumatra is sustainable. The results have explained that tourism is sustainable in this area and when compared to the other countries, there are chances for improvement.

The last and the final objective has tried to understand whether tourism is able to contribute to the economic value of North Sumatra and the results have been positive as well. It is seen that tourism can increase the economic value of North Sumatra and therefore better focus on tourism can increase the profit of the region and the economy as well. Hence, it is seen that all the objectives have been addressed and the results discovered are true and fair.

6.2 Conclusion:

This section of the paper is prepared by taking assistance of the previous chapters that have been constructed in accordance this topic. The topic has been looking to create an understanding of the tourism prospect in North Sumatra and how it assists in the development of the economy of the country. In this manner, in the introduction section, the background of the country has been explained with the help of which an idea can be attained with respect to the location of the country and the culture that is existent. The culture plays a vital role as the culture would determine the acceptance level of the citizens with respect to foreign tourists. It is seen that North Sumatra has high demand for tourists visiting that area simply due to its locations and natural beauties.

The introduction has even concentrated on the fact that tourism is a developing industry in various countries and all the countries have been looking forward to make use of this sector in order to increase their revenue. In the initial section, an idea about the country has been provided so that information on Indonesia is known. The country is filled with natural resources and therefore explains the fact that the country is nature wise wealthy.

The background of the study has even highlighted the areas and the sites that attracts tourists and in this manner it is seen that these areas will be given significance in order for the country to develop. The research questions that have been constructed has looked to addresses the areas and the aspects that will be answered with the help of which authentic and desired results can be attained.

The literature review of the paper has pointed out the factors that have an impact on the tourism sector in North Sumatra. These factors have been addressed by numerous other researchers who have done researches on this topic previously. These aspects that have been addressed in the literature provides a brief idea with the help of which the current analysis has been completed. The literature has explained how the environment has an impact on tourism as well as how socio-cultural aspect determines the level of development in the tourism industry. Economy has a vital role to play and therefore the relationship between the society and the economy of the country with respect to tourism is even addressed.

The methodology section of the paper addresses the sort of data that has been used for the purpose of analysis and accordingly the method that has been used for the collection of the data in order to meet the requirements of the task. The research has highlighted the fact that primary as well as secondary data has been used with the help of which the assessment can be complete and desirable results can be ascertained. It is seen that statistical tools have been used with the help of which outcome from the collected responses can be extracted. In this manner, the analysis of the paper is undertaken. Qualitative as well as quantitative data analysis has been taken into consideration in this paper in order to have a proper idea about the aspects that will be addressed in this paper.

As is evident from the above analysis of the collected data regarding the perception of people with respect to different attributes of the tourism industry in North Sumatra it can be seen that there, in general, exits a positive perception among the selected respondents, regarding the future of the tourism industry in North Sumatra. Nearly half of the total number of respondents perceive the industry to be growing at an increased rate in the future than its current prospects, which, in all probability may arise from the fact that the economy of the country, which remained lagging behind for a considerable period of time, has been experiencing some positive trends of growth owing to its recent trade openness and international phenomena like that of Globalisation and technological innovations and infrastructural developments.

The increasing integration and inter-connectedness of the countries, along with development of different social media platforms and increased usage of internet, has led to increase in the level of awareness among the global tourist population and adventure as well as nature lovers regarding the tourism industry of the country, which in turn can be plausible reasons behind the positive perceptions of people regarding the future prospects of tourism industry in the country, along with the infrastructural development in the country.

However, there are also presence of negative perceptions among a considerable section of the selected sample of respondents regarding the future of the concerned industry, which can be the result of the limitations which the overall infrastructural aspects of the country as well as the tourism industry in the North Sumatra, experience in the contemporary period, which in turn can be affecting the experiences of the tourists, thereby creating negative perceptions among them, in terms of the future prospects of the concerned industry.

One of the primary contributors in the development of any industry in a country, in a generalised framework, is the role which the government of the country plays in facilitating the growth of the concerned industries, as much of the competitiveness, prospects, profitability and growth of the industries depend on what policies the government of the concerned industries take in the concerned aspect (like that of tax cuts, subsidies, financial and non-financial supports and other similar facilities). In this context, on the front of the role of government of North Sumatra, in facilitating the tourism industry, considerably positive perception can be seen among the selected respondents, as more than half of the total sample size can be seen to be voting in favour of the concerned industry getting substantial supports and aids from the government of the country and only a small percentage of the total sample size voting against the same.

The main reasons, behind the presence of an overall positive perception among the respondents regarding the presence of significant government support for the concerned industry, maybe because of the recent development initiatives which the government of the concerned country can be seen to be taking, in the fronts of development of transport, communication infrastructure as well as in the form setting up liberal trade and political relations with other countries, thereby attracting more investments as well as businesses in the country, which in turn is expected to play a key role in benefiting the tourism industry directly as well as indirectly.

The tourism sector of the country can also be seen to be receiving supports from the government in terms of financial concessions and investments, which may also contribute in the positive perceptions of the selected respondents regarding the role played by the governing authorities of the country in the aspects of promoting and supporting the tourism industry in North Sumatra.

There exist different factors which affect the growth and development of tourism industry in a country in general, one of the primary ones of which is the environmental aspects present in the country. In the contemporary period, especially in the cases of leisure tourism, the popularity of places with greeneries and flora and fauna seems to be increasing as people opt to experience peace over their urban lives. In this aspect, North Sumatran tourism industry can be seen to be gaining an advantage with time and increased awareness due to the presence of ample opportunities of people to spend leisurely time in the lap of nature.

The absence of over-developed urbanised places in the country, in general, can be seen to be perceived by most of the respondents as one of the contributing factors behind the recent growth in the tourism industry of the country, as can be seen from the analysis of the data collected, where nearly 87% of the respondents can be seen to be perceiving the environmental conditions of North Sumatra as significant influencers for the growth and future prospects of the concerned industry.

However, most of the respondents can also be seen to be perceiving the presence of different environmental problems to be detrimental for the growth of the tourism industry. This may be due to the fact that, with the increases in environmental problem, the country can both lose its prospects as a potential tourism destination for leisure tourists as well as its currently developing infrastructural scenarios. However, in spite of the presence of considerable positive perceptions among the selected respondents regarding the future and growth prospects of the tourism industry in North Sumatra,

the respondents do not seem to compare the industry of the concerned country with that of the tourism industries of Singapore and Malaysia, where the development of the concerned industry has been immense over the years, much of which can be seen to be facilitated by the industrial development, economic growth and robust governing frameworks operating efficiently for overall development of the countries. As per the perceptions of the respondents, to reach to that level of growth and prospects the North Sumatran tourism industry needs to put emphasis on hospitality, role of government, socio-economic development, cultural amalgamation as well as the preservation of its environment.

The analysis of the collected data shows the presence of a positive perception among the people in general regarding the sustainability of the tourism industry in North Sumatra, much of which is expected to develop from the positive growth trends which the concerned industry in the country has been showing in the recent times, including those of higher number of visitors, technological and infrastructural development, investments and increasing popularity as well as government support to the concerned industry in the country. On a conclusive note it is understood that the topic of tourism is regarded as the one of the industry that have created an impact on the economic expansion through increase in GDP of a nation. The topic clearly explains that tourism is the leading sector to make the key factors of raising the domestic income and creation of work place environment because of the growing availability of the job.

As understood from the analysis Indonesia is having the rich source of natural resource that serves for the benefit of the tourism industry. Additionally, the analysis provides that Indonesia is having a wide variety of cultural history that preserve the archipelago of the nation. The analysis evidently puts forward that there is a potential for development in the tourism industry. The increase in tourism not only contributes to the revenue growth but also contributes to the exchange income and give rise in the opportunity of the local people to reduce the instance of the unemployment.

The research puts forward that development in the tourism industry is dependent on the area of namely the occupancy in hotel and the per capita income. Based on the economic perspective, tourism activity contributes to the foreign exchange obtained through the international tourists. The topic conclusively provides that the sustainability of the industry is vital in Indonesia and contributes to the development of the North Sumatra coast. The research effectively provides that environmental issues have contributed to the damaging cause of the tourism industry. Furthermore, the study extensively covered the key attraction point in North Sumatra.

The objectivity of the research was to recognize the growth of the threats impacting the environment through industry. The question of the research was aimed at answering whether the Sumatra Coast is the prospect for tourism growth in that regions. Additionally the research question was directed in understanding whether the North Sumatra cost is sustainable with the other nations having similar areas.

The research historically considered the tourism of the North Sumatra and its provincial capital Medan. The empirical evidences from the research provides that province of Sumatra is regarded as one of the highest tourism attraction places such as Lake Toba. The evidences from the research gained suggest that understanding the tourism industry in the North Sumatra includes understanding the environment of social, environmental and economic performance of the business. The research potential highlights that the basic aim of the modern business is to create the strategy for sustainable development. Additionally, evidences from the research puts forward that controlling and preserving the tourism resources can help in attracting the tourist across the different nations.

The research is directed in understanding that environmental resources can be used by the people to create more positive impact than the negative impact the resources can be used by both the local and the tourist that visit that island. An important element of the tourism was that there was number strong relationship between the development and infrastructure since the strong relationship among the infrastructure would have an easy impact on the infrastructure namely the services of roads, rail, airport and harbour.

To conduct the methodology, the research evidently designed the question to address the issues of tourism development. The research methods were organized to define the objectives, arrangement of data and findings from the data that took place within the framework by adhering with the guidelines. On the quantitative basis the questions of research were designed to find out the theory and describe the qualitative research up to the extent that it understands the behaviour of the people in the real life. The use of qualitative research has created a biases with majority of the people’s opinion have been considered.

The evidences gained suggest that measures vary based on the trait or the portion of group of society in the studies. The research conclusively provides that the work development of the tourism and hospitality industry was the dependent variable, while the economic development, local culture, creation of job and environment were the independent variable. Gauging into the framework the of hypothesis the research considered that having the good environment would contribute to the economic development of Indonesia and would additionally provide opportunity to the people for having the better income source.

The research concludes that increasing the tourism would create the positive effect on the growth of economic expansion however there may be a negative impact on the domestic culture that might be effected. Therefore, having the environmental problems would negatively reduce the growth aspects of the economic development of tourism in Sumatra.

The population and the sampling size confirms that both the subjective and the objective characteristics have been considered. The research overall provides that there is a sustainability of tourism in Sumatra coast that contributes to the development of the tourism in North Sumatra. Though the study presented an unanticipated result however it is evidently understood that North Sumatra have turned out to be place of interest among the tourist that are keen on vising the coast. Contributions from the primary analysis have stated that foreign direct investment would additionally result in benefit of the host nation as this may create an array of domestic investment for the local residents.

The empirical findings from the research have explained that domestic industry would gain growth through the international trade and economic growth would be strengthen by the exportation and importation. With increase in the rate of export growing the strong would be income growth among the middle and lower income group of people. The relative trade openness ultimately creates opportunity in the production of the both human as well as production capital.

To sum up the conclusion the subject of tourism has immensely focused on helping the people in maintaining the quality of their life by improving the degree of education, having sufficient amount of food and improve in the standard of living. To sum up the prospect of tourism in North Sumatra presents a higher future growth rate, despite some have cited that the industry may fall however the growing interest of the people in Sumatra contributes to the growth of tourism in Indonesia.

The correlation analysis in relation to the concerned topic has been dependent on the primary data that has been collected from the selected respondents. Correlation analysis is one of the key analysis tools that is used for the purpose of assessment in order to discover the degree of relationship among the dependent and the independent variables that have been selected in this paper. The extent of relationship would therefore determine the impact of these variables on tourism industry in North Sumatra. The overall assessment that has been done with respect to the questions that have been asked to the respondents reveal that some of the variables are positively correlated to each other and some of the variables are correlated negatively.

This suggests that some of the variables have a vital role to play in the development of the tourism industry in North Sumatra and certain variables have no hand or negative influence on the development and the prospect of tourism in North Sumatra. The results have indicated the fact that tourism in North Sumatra is not comparable to the Malaysian and Singapore tourism when assessed with the sustainability of tourism in North Sumatra. It is therefore seen that North Sumatra needs to undertake their tourism in their own way and no comparison should be made with the other countries and this would have a positive effect on the development of the tourism in that area.

It is even seen that comparing the tourism with the Malaysian and the Singapore tourism process would even have an impact economic value that is provided by the tourism of North Sumatra in Indonesia. This is due to the fact that both these variables are negatively correlated.

All the other variables are moderately and positively correlated and therefore addresses the fact that these variables are helpful in the development of the prospect of tourism in North Sumatra. The completion of the analysis leads to the development of the idea whether the objectives that have been constructed earlier have been met. This is done by addressing the objectives of the paper.

6.3 Recommendation:

As per the various types of the analysis form the data it can be seen that the prospect of the North Sumatra tourism has been based on the 50% growth in the future. This can be clearly seen as an opportunity for the destination to focus on the growth with higher percentage of investment in the tourism. It needs to be also evaluated that the different type of the findings of the report has been also related on the reporting aspects of the tourists’ destination which can be sated with the strong agreement of the North Sumatra tourism getting the governmental support. This support need to be facilitated with the various types of the responses pertaining to the initiatives which will able to support better governmental initiatives.

The advantages leading to the governmental expenditure will be conducive for the supporting of the different types of the aspect of the betterment in the future initiatives in tourism. The analysis of the study has been further seen to be related to the different aspects of the study which shows how the North Sumatran environment has been able to focus on the significant nature of the initiatives in the tourism industry. The analysis of the study has also focussed on the impact of the environmental problem which is having a relevant influence as per the environmental problems which are having a direct influence on the slowdown of the growth in the tourism. This agreement of the respondent clearly states that the government needs to take additional steps in focus on green plantations in the areas of the tourism of the North Sumatra.

Such initiatives will be able to focus on the different types of the options for the prospective tourists who may be willing to visit the places of attraction. The data analysis has been also able to focus on the various types of the considerations of the study which has been seen with the direct influence of the governmental aid to be highest among the various types of the other initiatives. This type of the responses has been depicted to be directly conducive for the users in terms of determining the future option related to the travelling and making future expeditions. The future studies need to also focus on the opportunities of the depictions of the various types of the other scopes of the which are seen to be taken into account with the various types of the effort relating to the hospitality industry.

In particular in order to ensure the sustainability of the tourism in the North Sumatra the focus needs to be put on the governmental aid and hospitality industry. The collection of the various types of the responses relating to whether the tourism in North Sumatra is sustainable in nature, the depiction relating to this needs to be identified with the consideration of the studies which will be able to focus on the sustainability aspect in North Sumatra.

The significant aspect of the study has focused on the high percentage tourism contribute to economic value of North Sumatra. The significance of the study is seen with 8.5 t stat value. Some of the various types of the other depictions of the sturdy needs to be seen with the consideration of the data which are related to the tourism of North Sumatra which is seen to be having a direct influence on the job responsibility among the individuals. The higher level of the significance of the study is further seen to be associated to the consideration of the various types other depiction relevant to tourism industry of North Sumatra comparable with Singapore and Malaysia.

This particular aspect is depicted with a low level of significance. Therefore, the main recommendation in regard to this aspect needs to be discerned with significant level of the consideration by providing the amenities alike Singapore. In case the government is able to support the aspect like the other countries such as Singapore then the overall sustainability will be depicted with a positive impact. It needs to be also discerned that the different types of the aspect of the other aspect of the environmental condition has influenced the tourism industry of the state. In this aspect it is recommended that the more tourists will be able to visit the places of attraction with more level of comfort.

Some of the various types of the other opportunities of the place needs to be depicted with the partnering with the local communities, business and local guides. The future research studies need to further focus on the different types f the discussion as per the data analysis and literature review needs to be depicted with the involvement of the locally run communities which will be able to demonstrate several types of the positive culture of the tourism spirit. There need to be more number of reforms will be able to focus on the environmental initiatives such as Batu Kapal Conservation Buffer Zone Program.

The participation in the different types of the environment program needs to be taken into account with the different types of the initiatives which are depicted with the environmental mapping and sharing of the ideas for collaborative actions. The plantation aspects of the company are depicted with the considerable amount of the steps which will lead to a greater sustainability. The improvement in the future actions for the sustainability will be able to focus on improved expedition particularly to the mountain climbers. The government is seen to be earning considerable amount of the revenue from the mountain climbers and therefore the improving in such facilities will be beneficial l for the companies in terms of focusing on the in assisting of greater adventure sports.

The various types of the initiatives pertaining to the plantation activities will be not only conducive will not only among the mountaineers but also the individuals looking for jungle expeditions. The improvement in the wild life of the in the area needs to be also taken into of the consideration with Our Batu Kapal Conservation Buffer Zone Program. This will be able to make significant level of the improvement pertaining to the important buffer zones. This zone has been further seen to be situated in the Gungung Leuser National Park. The different level of the participating efforts needs to be also depicted with the significant nature of the focus which are based on the surveying and assisting in planting the trees along the bamboo corridors.

The project needs to aim on the services pertaining to the biodiversity islands and the native of thee vegetation to create a greater influence. It is also recommended for the tourist destination to focus on the various types of the programs which are seen to be based on the various kinds of the ROAR Project - Zero Plastic Bottles project. This initiative will be able to focus on the different types of the aspects of the study which will be related to the increasing the sustainability. Such programs are depicted to be conducive in terms of the supporting of the activities which are seen to be related to the creating provisions water bottles recycling and the increased efforts pertaining to the different types of the considerations with the refilling units of the water bottle.

The recommendation to the future research study needs to be also based on the different types of the inference as per the consideration of the relevant procedure which will aim to attract more number of the tourists in the Sumatra region. In addition this, the different types of the initiatives for the holiday destination will also focus on the sustainability of region. This aspect will be able to add the factors influencing tourism in North Sumatra. The main program of the study is recommended with the Batu Kapal Conservation Buffer Zone Program. This will be able to make significant level of the improvement pertaining to the important buffer zones.

This zone has been further seen to be situated in the Gungung Leuser National Park. The tree plantation of the region has been also seen to be based on the considerable amount of the responses as per the Batu Kapal Conservation Buffer Zone Project. The extended nature of the volunteering opportunities associated to the study needs to taken into considerations with the future studies which are a part of the conservation programs. The miscellaneous focus needs to be also given to the accommodation and travel vehicle for the tourists aspiring to visit the place. The accommodation aspects need to be taken into account with the equal importance like the sustainability.

Lastly the sustainability of the region needs to be also ensured with the mountainous of the exiting infrastructures of the areas which are depicted to be taken into account with popular attractions. The utilisation of the influence of the environmental factors on the tourism in the region need to be well implemented as per the promotional activities which will be best for visiting the place. Therefore, in regard to the different discussions of the present study the future studies need to focus on the reducing environmental pollution.

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