Essay: Issues And Management Techniques In Civil Projects.

Assessment task 3 requires the preparation of a full project proposal that should contain the following components:

• A detail statement of the problem that you would like to investigate.
• Research aim, objectives and research questions: What are the potential research objectives and questions that can address the problem?
• Justification and potential output of the research project: Why is your chosen project important both theoretically and practically? What are the potential outputs and outcomes of your research?
• Conceptual framework: An analysis of the literature relevant to the research topic that will give you the conceptual basis for conducting this research.
• Methodology: Based on the conceptual framework, research aim(s) and objectives, you need to provide a detail description of the data collection methods and tools, data sources and the methods/tools that you will use to analyze the data.
• Organization of the study, project budget and schedule: Write the names of the chapters/sections of your research report, and briefly discuss what you will write in those chapters/sections followed by a brief description of budget for conducting this study and project schedule i.e.

You are required to demonstrate your understanding of the relevant body of works to a real-life business research. We expect you to read and reflect on at least twenty recent refereed journal articles on your topic supported by any other evidence or information that can help refine the problem of your research, formulate conceptual framework and the methods of data collection and analysis.

The construction industry is one of the most popular and considered as the main sector which is capable of providing the important resources or the ingredients that are used to develop the state of the economy. The construction is the main tool which is used to achieve the goals of the rural and urban development projects. The construction industry is rapidly growing in the Australia. Fundamentally, the activities that are related to the construction are derived from the local economic activities in the Australia (Ahmed, Majid & Zin, 2016). There are many sectors which are still developing or under the construction work that needs more number of employee and resource. The construction projects are always considered as the main project of the government as they lead to huge profits and give the improvised structure for the required place.

However, the scenario is becoming more sophisticated and complex due to the involvement of the third parties and many other reasons. The third party involves the users, the clients, the managers, the designers, suppliers, consultants as well as the subcontractors. The modern construction projects are based on the standardization techniques, advanced technologies, frequent owner-desired charges and due to the participation of the multiparty in the group. This leads to solving the uncertainties and economic imbalance that are created due to several reasons in the project. The delay in the construction project can be described due to several reasons that are sometimes beyond the expectation of the manager (Al-Gharaibeh, Zurigat & Al-Harahsheh, 2013).

The sick projects are always the most difficult and time taking projects that mainly leads to the failure of the project and gives a very bad remark to the concerned manager or engineer. The targeted time, specific quality and the budgeted cost of various projects of the construction leads to the unexpected negative impacts on the project. The problems sometimes caused due to the communication gap between the various levels of construction team those who are working for the same project under the same engineer. The gap leads to miscommunication and didn't bridge the gap between the various level and that ultimately leads to the poor performance of the team as well as the managers (Arshad, et al., 2013).

The slipping over time is considered as the common problem in the various construction projects. The delay caused due to the client or the third party leads to the late submission of the project and brings huge damage for the concerned manager and the team. The delay that is caused by the client like the late submission of the specifications and drawing, frequent changes in the orders, inadequate information about the site as well as about the resources generates a massive number of problems both for the contractors and sub-contractors (Arshad & Gondal, 2013). The lengthy projects need more attention and resources to complete, but, when the attributes are poorly managed, then it leads to poor management of the projects that ultimately lead to the contractor's downfall. The key objective is to manage the poor management in the civil projects which are rapidly growing in the market that leads to the delays and damage in the project (Aruldoss, Lakshmi Travis & Prasanna Venkatesan, 2014).

Objectives of the Project

The problem statements of the civil projects are divided into three groups that mainly include the owner of the project, the contractors as well as the advisers of the projects. These three problems are identified as the most common factors which are responsible for causing the delays in the various civil projects. The poor performances of the civil projects are due to the bad and inexperience time scheduling, faults in the quality as well as due to the over budget. These reasons behind the projects have raised the tension and stress level of the contractors and managers those who are related to any project of the civil department (Avdeitchikova & Landström, 2016). The main explanations are behind these reasons which have attracted the construction specialists as well the researchers to find the ultimate way to get rid of the situation and from the upcoming problems.

The problems that are occurring in the civil projects are due to the poor management of the team those who are working on a project. Without understanding the required the details of the project, they start to work in the field that leads to the downfall of the entire structure or create some other problems that are quite difficult to recover. The details planning of the project are not with the every constructor which leads to the failure of the project due to the miscommunication between the employees (Bigné, 2016).

Sometimes due to the unavailability of the resources leads to the decrease in the demand for the raw materials, services as well as on the products. The beginning and ending process of the construction use various techniques and methods to improve the scenario of the recent world. The strategies are based on the market structure, on the employee rate as well as on the wages. The economic instability is also a part of the problem statement without which it is quite impossible to proceed further. The small projects see lots of ups and down as they are running short of resources as well as employees. They have generally a lower process of hiring and expanding the projects within a less period of time. The problem statement mainly defines the problems that are rising in both larger and smaller civil projects in various companies and government projects (Brown, Subramaniam & Ali, 2017).

The contractors are taking the entire responsibility of the projects which they are supposed to complete before time with proper design and quality. Sometimes, these things also fail due to the unnatural and irresponsible behavior of the contractors who just work for the sake of the money instead of working for the country people.  In this scenario, it becomes more imperative to study the analyze and also to understand what really went wrong for the civil contractors and this study will bridge the gap between the empirical evidence of the various losses that are suffered from the poor management of the civil constructional projects (Buchanan, Boddy & McCalman, 2014). Also, various strategies and tactics are applied to the advanced concepts that are supposed to achieve the best management tricks for improving the scenario which will lead to more profit and reduce the chances of risks involved.

Research Questions

The overall aim of this project is to solve the issues of the poor management techniques of the civil projects. The construction of the civil projects is the process of maintaining the documents and properly establishing the plans that help to complete the project in the given time. The objectives are divided into various groups which are as follows:

Activity planning: the process includes the main objective which is used to identify and take the necessary step for each activity in a sequential order which is quite necessary to keep the track of the progress of activity at every nook and corner in the given time period (Buted, Ylagan & Mendoza, 2014).

Methods of construction: the action plan of this method is to incorporate with the development techniques that will remain for various development exercises and instruments which are getting ready to handle each and every moment with a fixed a target that can be easily accessible as and when required (Cheng & Liu, 2016).

Standards of the industry: there are several standards that are performed by the industries like the PCCP as well as the APAS.

Financial and the procurement planning: it is one of the most objectives of the civil projects which are needed to compromise the procurement planning of the various materials and financial planning of the project. The procurement planning gives the necessary idea and tells about the suitable materials that are reliable in nature (Coghlan & Shani, 2016).

Certifiable training skills: the training process includes those skilled persons who are capable of giving the training to the skillful workers of the construction team. When the team has the most appropriate planning, then it is quite easy to reduce the risks and the cost associated with it.

Agreement with the dealer: this process includes the necessary agreement of parties with the project and they need to sign the desired the documents before proceeding to the work.

All these points are very much important to resolve the issues of the civil projects as they are mainly based on the entire planning structure of the project. Each step is important and mandatory to follow while dealing with the civil related projects. If anyone of the step is missed, then it will be very difficult to manage the further steps in an efficient manner.

Q1: how did the poor scheduling affect the civil projects?

Q2: how the poor management of the project leads to a loss?

Activity Planning

Q3: in what way the communication gap between the different levels of an employee can be solved?

Q4: how the budget failure leads to the poor functioning of the other factors?

Q5: what are the various ways to avoid the delays in the civil projects?

Q6: In what way the contractors can manage the entire risk associated with the project?

Q7: what are the main key objectives of the project that will lead to the better functioning of the project in the due time?

Due to the rise in the involvement of the third parties and external sources into the civil project, the quality of the project is greatly affected that ultimately leads to the downfall of the engineer associated with the project. The faults are raising more in the case of the civil projects where the contractors are blamed for their poor management skills and inadequate resources. The structures are slowly falling and the business models are still running under the scrutiny phase. There are several countries across the world those who are still facing the problems in the Civil projects and out those countries, Australia is one of them (Cucinelli, 2013).  

Due to the rise in the unemployment in the country, the managers are appointing the unskilled workers into the project. For a particular period of time they work according to the instruction, but, after a certain time, they work under pressure of the third parties and slowly the communication between the different levels of the employee decreases that affects the management procedure of the civil projects. It is necessary to take the feedbacks from the concerned employees as well as from the managers regarding the downfall of the projects (Farjad & Varnous, 2013).  So, it is important to take the respective review and feedback from the managers and employee working under the civil projects.

The benefits of conducting the research is to help the project managers to complete the project within the time limit and better quality, it will help the broader understanding of the condition that are affecting the management process, to understand the various strategies and methods used to present the research technique in a proper way so that the project will gain the maximum productivity and the results that are obtained from the results will be highly efficient for the managers, contractors as well as for the workers (Georgianna, et al., 2016). The proposal is of this project is highly useful and provides the new ventures and methods to understand the real cause, impacts, and effects of the risks that are happening in case of the civil projects in the Australia.

Methods of Construction

The outcome or the result of this study will provide the necessary framework for finding out the factor that is affecting the management process of the civil projects. The projects of the Civil management are under higher risks and threats (Gray, 2016). Due to the bad economic conditions, poor quality of service as well as due to the poor management skills of the contractors, the downfall is more in the Australia.

The huge number of construction area is under the risk and are still finding the way to resolve the issues before it leads to some more chaos and danger. This report will provide the necessary details to solve the factors that are associated with the projects. The poor management is due to the unavailability of the resources, poor managerial skills of the managers and contractors and variation in the variable. The external influences on the civil projects are more which is quite difficult to manage and recover (Jab?o?ski & Jab?o?ski, 2016).

The factors have severe impacts on the outcome of the projects that ultimately hampers the local people. When the quality of the structure is bad, then the entire scenario is changed and under threat (Kitsios, Champipi & Grigoroudis, 2017). All the mentioned questions are thoroughly managed and reviewed that are purely based on the data collection, analysis, and findings that are related to the factors of poor management in the Civil projects.

The outcomes of the research academics are viewed as an important method for solving the issues that have been identified for the project. Therefore, the research analysis will give a better idea about the factors affecting the management process in order to enhance the quality of service in the given period of time. Therefore, the expected outcome for the research comprises of possible solutions and methods that are useful for resolving the issues of the civil projects (Myers, 2013).

In the various projects of the government, the conceptual framework is necessary for modeling the framework as well as to classify the requirements that can be used in various groups. The attempt of the conceptual framework aims to bridge the gap between the contractors and managers in order to maximize the productivity scale for the construction industry (Oden, Hurt & Gentry, 2017).

The commonly accepted representation of the conceptual framework must have a sound theoretical foundation and eth relevant practical needs to complete the various applications of the construction fields. The conceptual framework depends upon the various scope and complexities of a project that uniquely identifies the representation, objects that are concerned with the increasing complexities level as well as the specific features that have the larger collection of the complexities in a certain project (Postigliola, 2016). The requirements of the framework need the following things in a detailed manner with proper documentation:

1. The scheme or the models of the properties are required for the given number of species and objects.
2. The desired sketch and diagram of the several components along with the object specification and functions are required.
3. The theoretical concepts and the salient features of the objects are necessary to understand that will include the value theory as well as the force in the beams.
4. The hypothetic-deductive designing of the objects is important to notice in order to specify the salient features of the projects.
5. The basic definition of the generic theory that represents the salient features of all the objects like the basic information, generic structures, and the work information is necessary to notice in a sequential manner (Remenyi & Money, 2015).

Industry Standards

The conceptual representations of the framework of the real things have several shortcomings. These shortcomings are the incompleteness and the risks associated with the projects. In order to overcome these shortcomings, it is necessary to make several changes in the representation of the same thing more than one time where each representation is based on the various aspects and on the other hand, it has the recurring research efforts for the same purpose. The theory of the various complexities is now observed in the rapidly growing market scenario as well as in the modeling the structure of the civil projects (Rozali, et al., 2017).

There have been several changes in the approaches and methods in the construction management system of the government projects in Australia. However, such works just ask a simple question how those processes are carried out. The answer to this question is valid when the flow of information between the different levels of managers is maintained properly. Not only in the various level of managers, the flow of the information and data set needs to be improved in case of the contractors, workers as well as the managers (Ruiz-Manjivar, et al., 2016). The information needs to be channeled in a proper direction so that handling them will be easy on part of the workers. The present conceptual project framework draws the attention of the government towards the construction process as well as to the economic strategies. The earlier attempts were in vain as the set of information flowing between the workers and managers are not true when the external resources are added without any notice to the concerned manager of the project. But, now the theoretical concepts have been changed and have focused on the transaction between the contractor and the principal contractor.

Apart from the concepts and theories related to the construction sectors, there are various strategies involved in the process (Salman, Arshad & Bakar, 2016). These strategies explained about the lean guidelines, reduce the obsolescence, improve the quality and contractor support, improve the manufacturing flexibility, marketing methods, reduce the threats associated with the projects, enhance the working capacity of the workers through extra wages, product re-engineering methods, information from the external contractors and much more (Sørheim & Botelho, 2016).

The civil projects in the Australia are considered as the vital reason for the economic growth. There are two things that are necessary to take into account-the first on is the quality of the structure done by the workers and second is the faults that are associated with the projects. Eth performance and the reliability of the projects depend on the materials used in it, and, the risks are generally claimed when the faults are shown in the respected model (Strangio & Sancetta, 2016).

Financial and Procurement Planning

The set of factors affecting the management process of the civil needs to be developed through constant efforts and support from the managers that will help to explore the framework in a better way, to understand the design in a effective manner, to get the maximum profit out of the project, to frame the theories and concepts in a better manner and to avoid the upcoming crisis related to the project of the civil departments. The risks level will decrease when the processes are followed in a sequential manner without compromising on the quality of services and performance. The conceptual framework can be used to identify the classification classes, for example, the modeling of the projects from the required documents and the earlier design provided to the contractors (Tahir, et al., 2014).

Based on the problem statement, the following objectives of the research hypothesis can be concluded:

1. Null hypothesis: this hypothesis doesn't have any impact on the management process of the civil projects.
2. Alternate hypothesis: this hypothesis has the impacts on the management process of the civil projects that lead to the poor development of the projects in the near future.

It is always necessary to adopt the best project plans for deploying the project. A successful and good project structure always leads to the success. The successful projects are characterized by the efficient planning, efforts, and resources that fulfill the expectation of the organization in case of the civil projects. The strong management support and the realistic expectation of both the contractors and managers get fulfilled when the adoption of the project management is done in a better way. The project management methodology is the system of the inter-related procedures, processes, activities as well as tasks. These factors determine the better functioning of each step and result in the completion of the project before the given the time. Each part of the project has its own importance and value that produces the desirable objective for the completion of the civil projects (Weijs-Perrée, et al., 2016).

The adoption of the proper methodology helps to reduce the poor management approaches associated with the civil projects of the Australia.  The phasing of the projects provides the necessary breaks in the projects that are linked with the key decisions. The phases are associated with a number of activities and related tasks that are required to be done as and when required. The isolation in between the development of the projects leads to delay and affects the logical sequence of the project objectives.

The methodologies are divided into three parts: the first part is the initiation, the second one is the control and the last one is the closing of the project. The initiation starts with the basic requirements of the projects and executes each step manually. The second step controls the steps and tracks each step of the project (Woodside, 2016). The plans are executed with the help of the Gantt chart and proper planning is also necessary.  

Certifiable Training Skills

The Gantt chart describes the necessary details of the tasks, resources and identifies the stages. Finally, the project is closed after the proper inspection and study. The necessary changes will be provided if required. The civil projects need to negotiate the possible outcomes of the project, should follow the responsibilities involved in the issues that are coming the way, the contractor should be well-known with the changes and needs of the project, the stakeholders should properly communicate with the other members to regulate the function and the status of the project in a proper way, the cost analysis must be mentioned in a detailed format and finally the innovative thinking and initiative is highly appreciated in order to avoid the risks and issues that are rising in the projects which lead to the delay of the civil projects in the Australia (Zafar, 2013).

The organization of the study follows the certain steps:

Chapter one: it completely outlines the research proposal of the assignment.

Chapter two: this chapter explains the case study of the research in details.

Chapter three: It includes the thorough details of the methodology- the views, the strategies applied, the series of steps involved in the management of the civil projects, observes the key factors involved in the development process to avoid the risks and issues and final surveys.

Chapter four: this chapter contains the details findings and analysis of the given research.

Chapter five: It summarizes the entire findings and discussion that are implemented for a better project output and reduce the risks associated with it. Also, focuses on the key methods and strategies of the civil projects that have the chances of giving the maximum productivity.

Activity	Week 1	Week 2	Week 3	Week 4	Week 5
Project proposal
Case study details
Methodologies used
Details findings of data and research
Final submission of the project

The budget that has been proposed for the research is to complete the project within the given time period as per the given Gantt chart. Total budget that is invested is $50000. The budget has been described in the following manner:

1. The literature review of the project requires the necessary documents and tools that are used to deal with the civil projects. The total estimation of the project is near about $9000 in the Australia. The tools are quite expensive and not free of cost.
2. The process through which the project is completed that is the dozers, machines and raw materials will cost near about $10000 for the total time. The traveling expenses are separately calculated based on the execution of each step during the development of the project. It is quite impossible to manage the construction without the use of the machines and tools. So, to reduce the cost, the managers need to hire the best engineers those who are capable of reducing the cost without compromising on the quality of the raw materials. There are several ways in which the cost can be reduced (Zhizhko & Díaz, 2016). The employee gets the desired wages based on their ability and performance. Hikes are also provided when the workers are doing really well during the project development of the civil sectors.

Sometimes due to the faulty machines and equipment, the entire work is stopped in the middle which again takes much time to recover the problems. This situation ultimately leads to the poor management of the Civil project and results in bad productivity. So, it is mandatory to check the machines, its functionalities, and the parts before using it in the project. The machines, as well as the advanced tools, help in completing the before time and manage to resolve the risks and threats associated with the civil project.

3. In order to calculate the total budget, consider the following table:

Agreements with Contractors

Purpose	Amount
Documents and tools	$9000
Machines and raw materials	$10000
Employee’s wages	$30000
Total budget	$50000

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