Legalization Of Cannabis - An Argumentative Analysis

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Reasons behind the legalization

Marijuana is a recreational drug that is used intentionally by human beings for changing the state of consciousness of one’s mind and helping to produce feelings of happiness and exhilaration. Recreational drugs are mainly psychoactive drugs that are consumed by individuals for altering their mental state in ways that helps in successful modification of the emotions, perceptions as well as feelings for recreational purposes (Meerkamper & Goldfarb, 2018). When such substance enters the body of the user, it results in bringing an intoxicating effect that is often referred as the term “high”. Marijuana is seen to be the most popular recreational drug worldwide although it is not legal to consume them. Individuals possessing such drugs might be penalized under the criminal law system of the respective nations. However, Canada had moved quite forward and had legalized recreational marijuana in the nation on the midnight of 17 October 2018 (Berbar & Persad, 2017). It had become the second nation in the world after Uruguay that had legalized the use of recreational cannabis in the year 2013. Several other countries have decriminalized it but have not legalized the use unlike Uruguay and Canada. It had sparked debates not only within the nation but also by the other nations on the globe. This assignment would mainly be an argumentative style of paper discussing whether legalizing of cannabis is a right or wrong step towards betterment of the nation.

On closely analyzing the reasons behind the government in legalizing, the drug in the nation is to stop the black market of the drug that existed in the nation as well as the improper distribution of the drug to the users. The drug users are abusing the drugs in huge amounts resulting in harmful effects on their health and the government wanted to control the buying behavior and abuses of the drugs (Dyer, 2017). Therefore, they rationalized the legalization of cannabis in the nation stating that as the licensed sellers of the government can maintain and ensure the data and information of the sale of cannabis, they will be able to monitor the system and have an upper hand on its control of the sales in the market. Another important factor that made the government to grant the legalization of marijuana in the nation is to eradicate the black market and limiting their extent in black market industry preventing economic loss. Bill Blair is the Liberals’ Border Security and Organized Crime Reduction Minister and he had participated in the Current Monday night hosted by CBC in Ottawa. In this program, he had discussed the issue stating, “The sale of cannabis is the easiest money that organized crime makes”. He had clearly discussed that he estimated the black market weed in Canada is about $6 to $8 billion industry. Therefore, they are trying to stop the exploitation of the economic situation of the nation and thereby develop an industry that not only controls health but also acts as a source of better income (Shwartz, 2017). The leading dailies like BBC news has been quoted saying that the government is trying to create a new and safer as well as regulated commodities industry in the nation.  It is done so that they can employ Canadians, thereby creating jobs as well as growth and others opportunities in the communities and displacing this business from criminal enterprise. He had also told that the government is trying to create new industries that would actually follow certain rules when there is oversight, testing as well as accountability. The government also stated that they should be introducing new punishments for the selling of the illicit cannabis when the cannabis is not provided through the 129 licensed producers (Crepault et al., 2016). These punishments should be such like including imprisonment for 14 years for selling cannabis to a minor or selling it without license.

Advantages of the legalization

However, many disadvantagesremain intricately suspected with the legalization of the cannabis in the nation. Marijuana can be harmful in various ways. Some of the symptoms are felt immediately when consumed while others face deterioration in their health over time. This drug affects short-term memory as well as the ability to handle different types of difficult tasks. With the use of stronger types of cannabis, even the simple tasks are seen to become more difficult. Therefore, even if legalization could be helpful in controlling the sale of the drug and stop the back markets from becoming successful, it cannot control the negative effects that the drug takes place on the mental and physical health of the users. The drug also affects the ability of individuals in understanding and reacting on time and hence, they are found to be associated with different accidents in car crashes than those people who do not use the drugs (Fishcher et al., 2015). The government in order to handle such crisis has ensured strict vigilance and decided to impose strong penalty for individuals driving under the influence of such substance. Saliva testing had been one of the procedure by which police would be able to estimate the level of drugs used by drivers before driving their cars. Although, it had been one of the measures to stop accidents, but it cannot ensure effective stopping of such incidents. This is because surveillance cannot always ensure catching of all drug abusers at the right time before accidents occur.  Therefore, the entire approach can be criticized (Davis et al., 2018). Exposing citizens to its uses and then constraining their uses with the viewpoint that all citizens would be responsible to use it according to laws or take responsibility of their own health is questionable.  

Learning activities and studying needs the huge investment of attentiveness and alertness which is hindered due to the intake of drugs by the students.  Even young athletes perform poorly when they get addicted to its use. The chemicals present in the recreational marijuana can affect timing, movement as well as coordination thereby affecting their performances in their sports. Studies have shown that marijuana also contains of compounds that can cause cancer like that of tobacco smoke and even sometimes in higher concentrations (Fischer, 2017). Some of the studies have found that the use of the drugs can cause long-term impacts like antisocial behaviors like lying or stealing of money, relationship issues, intimate partner violence, financial difficulties, lower life satisfaction, and greater chances of being unemployed, problems with coordination, sexual male problems and many others. Hence, exposing people to such negative outcomes might be an invincible outcome of the legalization of the drug in the nation affecting their quality of lives in the nation (Kosa et al., 2017).

Another aspect of the debate had been found to be established by the supporters of the legalization of cannabis. They are of the opinion that medicinal cannabis that has been legalized in the nation much before had positive impacts on the health of the people. Patients who have used medicinal marijuana had successful results and therefore its legalization had proved to be beneficial to the citizens (Rehm et al., 2017). Moreover, the various policies, legal systems, administrative systems and others that had been developed to control the use of medicinal marijuana had been successful and hence any misuse of the medicinal marijuana by people was successfully restricted. Therefore, they also believe that use of recreational marijuana would also bring positive impacts of proper controlling mechanism is imposed by government

Disadvantages of the legalization

The above made claims can be criticized as the components of medicinal cannabis and that of recreational cannabis are different and they have different health outcome on people. The marijuana plant comprises of about 100 chemicals that are known as cannabinoids and each of them have different effects on different parts of the body.  The two main components present in the medicinal cannabis are the Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, which is the psychoactive component that produces the high and cannabidiol or CBD where the substance does not produce any psychoactive effects (Leos-Toro et al., 2018). Medicinal marijuana has a higher level of CBD content and so when the patients take the medications, they do not develop the feelings of euphoria that remains associated with the recreational agents. Usually, recreational marijuana is used without any medical justification and has more amount of THC than that of the medicinal variety, which provided the individuals with the feeling of high.

Medicinal cannabis has higher rate of CBD content than the recreational cannabis whereas recreational cannabis has higher levels of THC. Therefore, legalizing medicinal cannabis is not harmful but legalization of recreational cannabis had resulted in development of risks and threats to lives of individuals who use them to get high. Secondly, utilization of medicinal marijuana requires recommendation and this recommendation needs to be renewed regularly to continue using the medication successfully for getting reliefs from certain specific disorders (Mortensen et al., 2018). On the other hand, recreational marijuana can be brought by anyone and does not require recommendations. Due to this reason, citizens might not be able to use the drug responsibly.

Public health workers are not supporting the legalization of marijuana in the nation with the claim that marijuana might highlight the risk of dependence and can thereby affect the development of youth. Different studies have been conducted with conflicting results where one of the studies showed participants accepted the fact that cannabis use helped in reduction of anxiety (Dyer, 2015). Again, on the other hand, participants of another study showed that it aggravated anxiety levels in the individuals and quitting them successfully helped in handling different situations more successfully with better thinking ability. Moreover, the development of dependence is another negative aspect of the drug where the individuals develop the tendency to seek for repeated doses of the drug in order to feel good as well as to avoid feeling bad (Rao et al., 2018). This dependency can result in addiction that might have negative outcome on the mental an emotional health of people and hence legalizing it was not a proper attempt. Moreover, many of the participants who had been users of the drugs had clearly stated several other negative outcomes of the use of recreational marijuana. This includes the aggravation of the asthma. It might also lead to increase in the wheezing as well as coughing and shortness of breath. Instances have been also present that showed increase in the wheezing, coughing as well as shortness of breath (Caldicott et al., 2018). It also leads to increase in the risk of bronchitis in many of the users. Therefore, the social health workers are quite concerned about the impact of this legalization on the health conditions of the youths in the nation and therefore cannot support the legalization of recreational cannabis.

Debate on medicinal cannabis vs. recreational cannabis

From the above discussion, one can conclude that legalization of marijuana does not entirely result in positive impact on the nation. It helps to prevent the black market from expanding and thereby prevent the illegal drug dealers to exploit the economic condition of the nation. Legalization of the drug can help in shutting the business of illegal drug dealers and enable licensed sellers under the government to undertake the duty of selling the cannabis. This would help government to monitor the sales and usage of the citizens of the nation and can control the selling of the drug effectively. However, if cost benefit analysis is done, it can be seen that negative health effects of the drugs due to their irresponsible use can overcome the success of the government in controlling the black markets of the drugs of the nation. Improper use can result in altered senses, dizziness, tiredness, cognitive impairment, hallucinations, altered blood pressure, increased heart rate, dry mouth, anxiety, panic and paranoia. Many of the supporters have claimed that like medicinal marijuana, effective policies, frameworks and legalizations would also help in controlling the use of recreational marijuana. However, they are overlooking the action potentials of the components present in the two types of marijuana. While medicinal marijuana contains CBD in high amount that had no psychoactive actions, recreational cannabis has THC, which is a psychoactive agent responsible for creating euphoria. Therefore, the legalization is not supported as it might bring out negative health impacts on people affecting the quality of lives. The government should try to impose strict laws, monitoring and evaluation system for the selling and buying behaviors of individuals and hence develop proper policies in the nation. Moreover, health policies, health promotion programs, proper use of marijuana. Development of health literacy regarding marijuana use needs to be ensured so that negative health impacts on citizens can be reduced.

References:

Berber, M., & Persad, E. (2017). Book Review: Marijuana: The Unbiased Truth about the World’s Most Popular Weed.

Caldicott, D., & McBride, S. (2018). Viewpoints: Medicinal cannabis paradigms. Matters of Substance, 29(2), 34.

Crépault, J. F., Rehm, J., & Fischer, B. (2016). The Cannabis Policy Framework by the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health: a proposal for a public health approach to cannabis policy in Canada. International Journal of Drug Policy, 34, 1-4.

Davis, S. J., Tzanidis, A., & Saltzman, D. (2018). Medicinal marijuana: Commercialisation and innovation in a complex regulatory environment. Australasian Biotechnology, 28(1), 60.

Dyer, O. (2015). Canada is to legalise recreational marijuana. BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online), 351.

Dyer, O. (2017). Canada announces plans to legalise recreational marijuana. BMJ: British Medical Journal (Online), 356.

Fischer, B. (2017). Legalisation of non-medical cannabis in Canada: will supply regulations effectively serve public health?. The Lancet Public Health, 2(12), e536-e537.

Fischer, B., Kuganesan, S., & Room, R. (2015). Medical marijuana programs: implications for cannabis control policy–observations from Canada. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(1), 15-19.

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Mortensen, T. M., Wan, A., & Yang, A. (2018). Hashing it out: an examination of the interaction of image and headline frames of marijuana in a time of flux. Visual Studies, 33(2), 186-201.

Rao, D. P., Abramovici, H., Crain, J., Do, M. T., McFaull, S., & Thompson, W. (2018). The lows of getting high: sentinel surveillance of injuries associated with cannabis and other substance use. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 1-9.

Rehm, J., Crépault, J. F., & Fischer, B. (2017). The devil is in the details! On regulating cannabis use in Canada based on public health criteria: comment on" legalizing and regulating marijuana in Canada: Review of potential economic, social, and health impacts". International journal of health policy and management, 6(3), 173.

Schwartz, R. (2017). Legalize marijuana without the smoke. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 189(4), E137.