Exploring The Principles And Key Concepts Of Hauora: A Māori Essay.

Research and explain the first principles and key concepts of Hauora in terms of their relationships and interconnections.

1.1 Research and explain four (4) principles of Hauora from credible sources Note: First principles refer to wh?nau, whenua, tinana, wairua, and hinengaro

1.2 Research and explain four (4) key concepts of Hauora from credible sources Note: Key concepts refer to whakapapa, kaitiakitanga, whanaungatanga and manaakitanga.

1.3 Explain the interconnections between the four (4) researched principles and four (4) key concepts of Hauora in terms of relationships from a M?ori worldview.

Principles of Hauora: Wh?nau, Whenua, Tinana, Wairua, and Hinengaro

Health and well-being are essential aspects of life. Hauora can be described as the Maori view of health that is unique to the nation of New Zealand. This concept mainly covers the physical, social, mental as well as spiritual needs that every of the members have the Hauora believes that each of the principles of Hauora are intricately associated with each other. There are four important principles of Hauora that are often compared with the four walls of the whare (house or building). Each wall is seen to represent different concepts and is all required for strength and symmetry of the whare (Cunningham, 2015).  One of the most important concepts is called the Taha tinanawhich refers to the physical well-being. This principle mainly focuses importance on the aspects of physical body as well its growth, development as well as the ability to move on along with the different ways of caring for it. The next principle is called the Taha hinengaro also referred to as the mental as well as emotional well-being. This principle mainly covers the coherent thinking procedures as well as acknowledging and expressing different thoughts and feelings and also responding in a constructive manner. The third principle is referred to as the taha-whanau also referred to as the social well-being (Cram et al., 2018). This principle mainly talks about the importance of family relationships as well as maintaining friendships and other interspersion relationships. This principle discusses the importance of incorporating feelings of belonging as well as compassion and caring and even social support. The fourth principle is called the Taha wairua or the spiritual well-being. This component mainly helps in covering the values and beliefs that help in determining the ways people live as well as searching for the meaning and purposes in life along with personal identities and even self-awareness (Heaton, 2018).

Whakapapacan be described as the taxonomic framework that helps in linking all animate and inanimate beings and even known and unknown phenomena in both the terrestrial as well as in the spiritual worlds. Therefore, this concept helps in binding all the mentioned things into one bundle. It helps in mapping the relationship so that mythologies as well as legend, knowledge, history as well as tikanga (custom), philosophies and even spiritualities are organized and thereby preserved and transmitted from one generation to that of the next. One of the participants in a research study had described the entire concept as the procedure that helps in laying one thing upon the other. If an individual is visualizing the foundation ancestors as the first generation, the next as well as the succeeding ancestors are placed on them in ordered layers (Pitama et al., 2017). The next concept is about kaitiakitanga. This concept mainly describes the guardianship as well as the protection and preservation and sheltering. It is the way of managing the environment that remains based on traditional Maori view. Another important concept is the This concept mainly describes relationship, kinship as well as sense of family connection (Wilson et al., 2018). This mainly describes the relationship that gets developed through shared experiences as well as working together that provides people with the sense of belonging. Studies opine that it develops mainly as the result of kinship rights and obligations that help in serving to strengthening each members of the kin group (Ahuriri et al., 2016). The concept of manaakitanga can be described as the term that contains many different layers of the meaning. At its heart, the term is mainly seen to refer to the needs for the reciprocal hospitality as well as respect between different groups, people and the cultures.

Key Concepts of Hauora: Whakapapa, Kaitiakitanga, Whanaungatanga and Manaakitanga

Wairua referring to spirituality can be described as the most important requirement for health. It is mainly believed that if an individual does not have spiritual awareness, he can be considered to be lacking well-being and he would become more prone to ill health. The concept of that of Wairua also discusses relationships with the environment that are between the people or within the heritage. The breakdown of this relationship can result in the terms of ill health as well as lack of personal identity. The concept of hinengaro mainly contains the concept of thoughts as well as feelings and behaviors that are vital to health in the Te Ao Maori that means the Maori world (Oetzel et al., 2019). Maoris are found to be more impressed with unspoken signal, eye movements, and bland expressions and in some cases regards words as superfluous and even demeaning. Maori thinking are mainly holistic in nature. The Maoris believe that individuals who consider their first thoughts of putting themselves in the first positions, are selfish with their personal ambitions and takes actions only for their needs first without recognizing the impact of such  actions and thoughts on others are considered unhealthy. Therefore, the concept of Whanaungatanga can help in explaining their Maori world view in a better version. Whanaungatanga  is mainly seen to cover the wide values of relationships like that of family and friends and are mainly seen to point to the feelings of belongings as well as inclusion (Reid et al., 2016). This concept mainly captures the beliefs of the Maori community that the more relationships people have in their lives, they would be happier as well as healthier. An understanding of the concept of kaitiakitanga can be well associated with this concept. As per the Maori worldview, they believe that there remains a deep kinship taking place between humans and that of the natural world. All lives are connected and people are not superior to that of the natural order. Indeed, they are parts of it. Maoris mainly visualizes humans as part of the web or fabric of lives. They believe that in order to understand the world, one must understand the different parts of the web. Here the term Kaitiaki is essential as it forms an important part of the web of life of Maori people. A kaitiaki can be described as the person or the group who are recognized as guardian by the tangata whenua. Studies have also found out that one of the foundations of whanau is whakapapa that is given greater importance in the Maori society (Ahuriri et al., 2016). Whakapapa mainly place people in the whole context of relationships. This concept shows how each people relates to each other and how they should be working together in a collaborative manner with each other, argue or even reside with each other. It is mainly through the whakapapa that interactions and different relationships are established, developed and maintained within the whanau and also within the whanaunga or relatives, marae and even sacred mountains, rivers and even ultimately the universe. It is believed that it is only through this organizing principle though which individuals often get their names as well as their identities, their sense of belonging and even the turangawaewae (place to stand – their ancestral land) and even access to knowledge, rights and responsibilities that contribute to their well-beings (Ahuriri et al., 2016). All these are ultimately found to be related with the concept of whanau. For the Maori people, whanau is mainly about the extended relationships that are very different from that of the western nuclear family concept. They believe that maintaining family relationships is an important part of holistic well-being  and caring for young and old alike are extremely paramount. Therefore, in this way, the different concepts and principles of Hauora are found to be intricately associated with each other.    

References:

Ahuriri-Driscoll, A. (2016). Health policy, health inequalities and Maori.

Cram, F., Pipi, K., & Paipa, K. (2018). Kaupapa M?ori Evaluation in Aotearoa New Zealand. New Directions for Evaluation, 2018(159), 63-77.

Cunningham, C. (2015). Psychosocial factors in healthcare for Maori. Psychosocial Dimensions of Medicine, 208.

Heaton, S. (2018). The juxtaposition of M?ori words with English concepts.‘Hauora, Well-being’as philosophy. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 50(5), 460-468.

Oetzel, J. G., Hokowhitu, B., Simpson, M., Reddy, R., Nock, S., Greensill, H., ... & Shelford, P. (2019). Kaum?tua Mana Motuhake: A study protocol for a peer education intervention to help M?ori elders work through later-stage life transitions. BMC geriatrics, 19(1), 36.

Pitama, S. G., Bennett, S. T. M., Waitoki, W., Haitana, T. N., Valentine, H., Pahina, J., ... & Palmer, S. C. (2017). A proposed hauora M?ori clinical guide for psychologists: Using the hui process and Meihana model in clinical assessment and formulation.

Reid, J., Cormack, D., & Crowe, M. (2016). The significance of relational continuity of care for M?ori patient engagement with predominantly non?M?ori doctors: findings from a qualitative study. Australian and New Zealand journal of public health, 40(2), 120-125.

Wilson, D., Heaslip, V., & Jackson, D. (2018). Improving equity and cultural responsiveness with marginalised communities: Understanding competing worldviews. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(19-20), 3810-3819.