Analysis Of Self-Driving Cars Technology Application

Using a research resource each group will find an article about a novel technology application and provide an analysis based on applicable theoretical perspectives learnt during the term.

In choosing a technology, keep in mind that this assignment is intended to foster understanding of how to make decision in the face of uncertainty. Thus, while a broad range of technologies are suitable for this assignment, be sure to choose a technology whose future adoption and significance is yet to be determined.

This report aims to discuss the topic self-driving cars. A brief discussion of the  advantages and the disadvantages of cars that are self-driven is provided in this report. A detailed discussion of the prospective of driverless cars in respect to the reference to the future is stated in this report. The opportunity of self-driving cars is stated in this report.

An automated car or driverless car is any kind of automobile, which has the capability of sensing the nearby surroundings and move with minimal input by humans. The self-directed cars combines a diversity of sensors for perceiving the environments like sonar, radar, GPS, vision of computer and odometry (Bojarski et al., 2016). The advanced control systems interprets the sensory information for identifying the suitable paths of navigation along with the obstacles.

Some major benefits of self-driving cars are categorised as:

Self-driving cars plays the major role in the sector of safety of the drivers. It has been considered that with the implementation of total autonomous cars the risk of collisions of traffic that are done by the mistakes of humans like the rubbernecking, reaction time that is delayed, and various forms of unfocussed or any kind of driving that is aggressive can be significantly reduced (Azmat & Schuhmayer, 2015). Other implications on safety includes the unexpected interactions among the humans and fully or else partly vehicles that are automated, or among various kinds of vehicles; difficulties at limitations of functions at each of the level of automation.

The labour costs can be reduced with the implementation of automated cars that will relieve the travellers from the chores of driving and navigation and therefore substituting the commuting hours behind the steering wheel, with providing increased time for work or leisure and it would also lift the constraints on the ability of occupant for driving, texting and distracted while driving, prone to seizures, intoxicated or anyhow impaired. The elimination of steering wheel with the lasting interface of the driver and the necessity for occupant to take up the position that is facing forward would provide the cabin interior, a superior ergonomic tractability.

In addition to these advantages, there is one more major advantage that can be gained with the implementation of autonomous cars that is the benefit of higher speed limits which will provide smoother rides and also increases the capacity of the roadway; minimise the congestion of traffic because of the reduced need of security gaps and advanced speed. Presently, the throughput of the controlled access highway or the capacity is about 2200 per hour per lane along with approximately 5% of accessible space of road that is undertaken by the vehicles (Surden & Williams, 2016). A study estimates that automated cars can increase by the capacity of 275%. It is also projected that with the implementation of the 100% automation, the connection among the vehicle-to-vehicle could be increased (Hee Lee, Faundorfer & Pollefeys, 2013).

Lower costs can be achieved with the implementation of complete automation. The aspect of expectation of safer driving for minimising the costs of the insurance of vehicles. (Howard & Dai, 2014). In addition to this, the cars that are self-driven would be able to brake as well as accelerate capably, that means greater economy from the reduced energy that is wasted specifically linked with the inefficient alteration to the speed.

Advantages of self-driving cars

A major impact of extensive implementation of automated cars is considered to be potential job loss that are related to the driving, in the industry of roadway. It is considered that there would be significant opposition from the drivers plus the unions that are endangered by the job loss. Additionally, the loss of jobs in the services of public transit and the repair shops of crash can also be affected. The industry of vehicle insurance might also suffer as this technology creates some aspects of these sustaining occupations outdated.

Another issue that rises with the automation of the cars is the issue of privacy. This issue arises when unauthorised users gain access to the location of the vehicle and the position integrated in the interface. Additionally, a risk of hacking of automotive arises with the information sharing with the protocols of V2V and V2I (Narla, 2013). There is also a risk of several kind of terrorist attack. The automated cars could possibly be encumbered with bombs and it can be used to detonate without detection.

Some researchers have discovered that with the complete automation that is reliable, there could be a rise in the tendency of the drivers to concentrate on the roads. Researchers proves that several drivers in the driverless cars reacts late to the intervention of any critical situation, in comparison to the situations when they were driving manually (Yang, J., & Coughlin, 2014). Based on the competences of the automated cars and the rate at which the interference of human is required, it can counter several significant growth in the safety of the drivers and passengers compared to the driving by humans, which can be conveyed by some added issues.

Technology of automated vehicles are considered to be utilised extensively in most of the nations that are developed by early 2030s, although the form and scale would definitely differ from nation to nation. It is expected to view the technology of lane-assist and the features of the automated braking and the self-parking with level 1-3 (Greenblatt, 2016). Even though the ride-sharing with automation convoys are considered to be implemented in coming years in several countries, that will be hugely profitable due to the complexity of the infrastructure and software, the requirements of computing hardware for the systems of machine vision and the challenges of network management at scale (Boeglin, 2015). It is considered to take over a decade prior any leaders of industry discovers the correct mechanism for manufacturing and deploying fleets at huge scale, but it will not stop these fleets from operating in more limited circumstances. The circulator vehicles can set up across several medical campuses and the colleges, and in the main developments that are mixed-use.

Several challenges resides in creating the electric and autonomous cars being appropriate for the roads. Autonomous, cars running on electricity will be integrated with the transport infrastructures of the nations; traffic signal control systems; the information of parking, the reports of weather, management systems of container, several message signs, automated recognition of number plate or the speed cameras for monitoring the applications like the CCTV systems of security and similar to that (Häne, Sattler & Pollefeys, 2015). It is considered that the smart cars will be resilient on the imperishable integral sensors of road that are combined in the roads and they are switched on for the period of the construction preservation of preventive roads or in the case of any emergencies by warning each automobile to minimise the stop or speed at that instant.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that, implementation of the cars with self-driving, the driving on the roads can be modified and it has several advantages along with disadvantages. A driverless car or self-driving car is a kind of vehicle, which has the capability of sensing the nearby surroundings and move with minimal input by human. Safety is provided as this mitigates the unexpected interactions among the humans and fully or partly automated vehicles. The labour costs can be reduced with the implementation of automated cars that will relieve the travellers from the chores of driving and navigation and therefore substituting the commuting hours behind the steering wheel. Benefit of higher speed limits which will provide smoother rides and also increases the capacity of the roadway; minimise the congestion of traffic due to the reduced requirement of higher speed and safety gaps. Lower costs can be achieved with the implementation of complete automation. The major impact of the extensive implementation of self-driving cars is the potential job losses that are connected to the driving, in the industry of roadway. Another issue that rises with the automation of the cars is the issue of privacy. Some researchers have discovered that with the complete automation that is reliable, there could be a rise in the tendency of the drivers to pay less attention to the roads.

References

Azmat, M. M., & Schuhmayer, C. (2015). Self Driving Cars.

Boeglin, J. (2015). The costs of self-driving cars: reconciling freedom and privacy with tort liability in autonomous vehicle regulation. Yale JL & Tech., 17, 171.

Bojarski, M., Del Testa, D., Dworakowski, D., Firner, B., Flepp, B., Goyal, P., ... & Zhang, X. (2016). End to end learning for self-driving cars. arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.07316.

Greenblatt, N. A. (2016). Self-driving cars and the law. IEEE spectrum, 53(2), 46-51.

Häne, C., Sattler, T., & Pollefeys, M. (2015, September). Obstacle detection for self-driving cars using only monocular cameras and wheel odometry. In Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on(pp. 5101-5108). IEEE.

Hee Lee, G., Faundorfer, F., & Pollefeys, M. (2013). Motion estimation for self-driving cars with a generalized camera. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (pp. 2746-2753).

Howard, D., & Dai, D. (2014, January). Public perceptions of self-driving cars: The case of Berkeley, California. In Transportation Research Board 93rd Annual Meeting (Vol. 14, No. 4502).

Narla, S. R. (2013). The evolution of connected vehicle technology: From smart drivers to smart cars to… self-driving cars. Ite Journal, 83(7), 22-26.

Surden, H., & Williams, M. A. (2016). Technological opacity, predictability, and self-driving cars. Cardozo L. Rev., 38, 121.

Yang, J., & Coughlin, J. F. (2014). In-vehicle technology for self-driving cars: Advantages and challenges for aging drivers. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 15(2), 333-340.