Analyzing Psychological Concepts Related To Intelligence Measurement

You are required to choose one of the two news articles provided and write an essay in which you critically analyse and discuss psychological concepts related to the topic of the article. Both articles pertain to the topic of intelligence and measurement of intelligence. The issue will require you to discuss methods of measuring intelligence and to critically analyse issues relating to these methods. You should use an essay structure, including an introduction, body paragraphs and a conclusion. The body of the essay should be structured in such a way as to address the following questions:

(1) What is intelligence?

(2) Summarise your chosen article. What do the authors say about how intelligence could (or should) be measured? What argument do they present for this? • Include a description of how they propose intelligence can be measured and their justification of this approach.

(3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of measuring intelligence this way?

(4) Research an alternative way that psychologists measure intelligence. Identify and describe one alternative method of measuring intelligence and describe how it defines and measures intelligence.

(5) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of measuring intelligence in this way. (6) Based on your evaluation of the two methods of measuring intelligence discussed in your essay, explain which you would recommend and why.

Comparative aspects of articles with virtues and drawbacks

Intelligence with varied clarifications

The management of the psychological engagements of subjective beings encompasses distinguishing roles of miscellaneous self-disciplines to meet the vital powers of the individuals, varied associated functions of different organizations as well as civilization. Woodworth & Marquis (2014) opined that the activities of a person incorporate the productive flow of presentations and the diverse categories of tasks linked to brainpower. Whatever the persons create and depict, it delivers the world concerning the components of intellect what is acknowledged constantly from the society (Checa, P. & Fernández-Berrocal, 2015). 

Intelligence comprises the skill to subsidize from past knowledge, act tenaciously, solve complications, and familiarize to new state of affairs. Intelligence may likewise be demarcated as “the capability that brainpower checks measure.” There remains a long account of incongruity around what essentially creates intelligence (Schutte, & Malouff, 2012). 

Different researchers have highlighted diverse features of intellect in their explanations. Some psychologists like “Lewis Terman and Thorndike” have varied opinions over the viewpoints of brainpower as the latter lay emphasis on “learning” as well as the talent to bit good replies to queries. Lewis pointed out that the capability to think conceptually determines the state of intelligence. Further currently, yet, psychoanalysts have mostly approved that adjustment to the situation is the strategic understanding equally what intelligence stands for and whatever it ensures (www.bizjournals.com, 2018). Such adaptation might transpire in a multiplicity of backgrounds: a learner in school acquires the subjects he desires to be familiar with the objective of achieving better in the course; a doctor handling a patient having unfamiliar symptoms recognizes the ultimate ailment; or else an artist revises a picture to transport a novel and comprehensible impression. Above all, adaptation consists of fashioning a modification in oneself so as to cope further efficiently with the situation, nevertheless it can correspondingly point to move the setting or else discover a completely revolutionary stage to make it innovative (Diehle, 2014).

“Brain imaging: the smart way to predict intelligence?”------ Analytical interpretation with reference to measuring tool

In the article, Michael Cole and his colleagues advocates that considerably 10% of distinct modification with respect to brainpower of human beings might be projected. It is mostly centered on the strong point of neural networks concerning the adjacent “prefrontal cortex as well as other areas of brain”. The personnel employed the device of “functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)” to understand the magnitude of the command of the activities of brain. This represents an innocuous method which demonstrates a procedure- termed as “neuro-imaging” (theconversation.com, 2018). This permits to realize the movement of neural and measure the brainpower ultimately by identifying variations in the system of oxygenation of blood. This would utilize the contrast mechanism for detecting the dependent level of oxygenized blood. It is presently the most extensively used technique designed for “brain mapping” as well as learning the neural source of human awareness.

Merits

The understanding exposes that the neural movement which follows when members are busy in attentive project, desires vitality through glucose itemization; and thus have need of resource of oxygen. This reflects that the presence of “oxygenated blood” ensures to give signs of additional neural activities (Rachman, 2015).

Accepting how the intelligence functions needs not merely a grasp of the bodily mechanisms of its distinct components that remains its neurons plus glia cells, nevertheless also loads a comprehensive record of its well-designed architecture besides an explanation of the networks among occupants of neurons, the links that motivate behavior. As per the analysis, the researchers initially examined the participants to accomplish an assignment which required “operational memory possessions” to recognize the sections of the brain that are engaged in advanced phase of efforts for “cognitive method” (Diehle, 2014).

They eventually applied images of brain from stages when members were not involved in a operation (“relaxing state”) to define the link of these perceptive areas of control with numerous other sections of the brain. To conclude, they related their connectivity procedures with the typical mark of two brainpower examinations to regulate whether there is any relationship among connectivity along with fluid penetration (Plaisance & Reydon, 2012). According to the authors, “Neuro-imaging” stands as one of the best appliance for such clarifications, and is presently the decent device that may link understanding, reasoning and accomplishment by means of their neural substrates within human beings.

Even though the process is prevalent, there is inadequate acquaintance of the biological origin of “fMRI” indication to understand the data assuredly with details in the direction of neural movement. Additionally, the practical flexibility of the mental power that is reproduced in its dimensions for functional restructuring, describes that a simple picture of its planning is not sufficient. Instead, there is a necessity of frequent adjoined, well-designed and biological interpretations of the connectivity configurations at dissimilar structural levels. It seems somewhat illogical to basically average the two records to unquestionably reveal it. Inappropriately, it is indistinct what the partakers of experiment perform during break time. Does the connectivity among cognitive control areas with other expanses of neural elements produce accurate outcomes? It delivers a complicated issue to be undoubtedly comprehended (theconversation.com, 2018).

Emotional intelligence: Logical interpretation

Human Beings remain quite thoughtful in outlining their principles and views in individual and certified lifespan. “Emotional intellect” regulates the competence to distinguish the central features to understand and direct the moods and boldness in positive track that reliefs the miserable statuses of cerebral layers. In keeping with the standpoint of the assessments of Allen (2014), the pursuit for visions to assert the cherished feelings and ideologies generate the space aimed at individual welfare in wide-ranging opportunities of career planning as well as developing the abilities. Nevertheless, Schutte & Malouff (2012) explained that the competent outlook and tenacious conduct to prompt the objective of career progression in addition to upswing of supervision of the situations in the establishments that adjudicates the disposition of potentials in standings of the interactive essence with orientation to emotional command.

Demerits

Assessing measures with Key Potentials

Shirkani (2014) discussed that the astuteness of the cerebral aptitudes in settling the potential welfares with realistic impressions to extent the distinctive skills of prompt events and impeccable exhibition may not fulfill the functional allies and patrons. The outcome of comparative evidences of IQ ensure the possibility of attaining changeable magnitudes of reactions that scrutinizes the standards of scores indicating the well-read values of intellectual segments in the matching age-groups while exhibiting their representations at characteristic events at the place of work.  Oommen (2014) discoursed that intellectual power signifies the working assortment of physical and expressive enactments that the individuals hold; logically, openly, cerebrally, etc. other than persistently disposed by resolution, viewpoints, passions, principles, wisdom of right as well as wrong, aptitude, affiliation, inspiration, distress or heritages.

Critical appraisal of “Emotional Intelligence: Issues and Common Misunderstandings” designating the preference of viewpoints (Recommended with justification)

In accordance to the artifact written by Emmerling, & Goleman (2018), the intellectual standpoint of cognitive awareness might fail to fine-tune with the modest environments at official positions which demand the incorporation of cultural distinctions to convince confirmatory and self-possessed attitudes to display a productive way out Sensitive intelligence controls the competence to identify the innermost traits to comprehend and administer the perceptions and attitudes in expectant track that issues the tensed statuses of psychological layers. The measure of “intelligence” shapes the virtual positions of rationalized thinking dimensions that permit the kids and the grown-ups who incline to prompt their purposes of performance as well as talents in a comprehensible and systematic method which impacts the events at specific chapters of operational programs.

It showers out the discouraged and disheartened moods to expose the networks of flexible as well as reviewed policies and doctrines of learning innovative principles (Woodworth & Marquis, 2014). The psychological satisfaction as well as sense of responsibilities headed for professional organization and management can authorize and lead the viewers in the direction of securing resolutions and administer harmonious affiliation that edify the honorable, collective and united feelings to determine the challenges of assertions and incorporated method to overtake the approaches of negative viewpoint. The interactive dealings become restored with the communicating characteristics of psychic ecstasy which discharges out the fervent breezes of outlooks in operational state of affairs. Nevertheless, the officials of the establishments favor to coach the employees who can courteously and ethically reproduce their self-esteem and urges consistent with their necessities that would ensure longstanding justifiable successes in the enlargement of career expansion (Emmerling & Goleman, 2018). The Commercial firms such as Marks and Spencer, Starbucks, Burberry, Coca cola, Microsoft, IBM etc. accentuate on the appraisal and worth of “emotional intelligence” that signify the social bents of traits to successfully display the occupational representations of the administrative pursuits.

The emotional wisdom of mankind brings up the frame of mind, opinions, desires, interests, impressions and responses to miscellaneous arrays of state of affairs that outline the intellectual construction. This fund to build dynamic magnitudes of communal and virtuous awareness that rationalizes the source of interactive forms in a precise context.

Figure: Settings of Emotional Intelligence

(Source: careerprocanada.ca, 2018)

Conclusion

The identification as well as contemplation of “common and approachable mode of manners” occurs as a vigorous measure of receptivity. The argument and exchange of views present an amalgamated appeal to the effects of fruitful infiltration of ethical, permissible, social, scientific and conservational values of presentation that stabilizes the noticeable intelligences. The psychoanalysts might not build a division of the wide-ranging natures of adoptions or urges of conduct; yet, “intelligence” at all times has transpired as a substantial unit of cerebral formula with the emergence of the resources of strength of mind. Intelligence refers to “the ability to procure and relate understanding and awareness.”

References

Allen, V. (2014). Understanding and supporting behaviour through emotional intelligence. Northwich: Critical Publishing.

Brain imaging: the smart way to predict intelligence? (2018). Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/brain-imaging-the-smart-way-to-predict-intelligence-8726

Carter, C. & Dalley, J. (2012). Brain imaging in behavioral neuroscience (1st ed.). Berlin: Springer.

Checa, P. & Fernández-Berrocal, P. (2015). The Role of Intelligence Quotient and Emotional Intelligence in Cognitive Control Processes. Frontiers In Psychology, 6. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01853

Diehle, J. (2014). Treating PTSD with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies – Interventions that Work. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 44(1), 85-85. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2014.973441

Emmerling, R. J. & Goleman, D (2018). Emotional Intelligence - Issues and Common Misunderstandings. Eiconsortium.org. Retrieved from: https://www.eiconsortium.org/reprints/ei_issues_and_common_misunderstandings.html

Oommen, A. (2014). Factors Influencing Intelligence Quotient. JNSK, 1(4). https://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jnsk.2014.01.00023

Plaisance, K. & Reydon, T. (2012). Philosophy of behavioral biology (1st ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Rachman, S. (2015). The evolution of behaviour therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy. Behaviour Research And Therapy, 64, pp 1-8. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.10.006

Schutte, N. & Malouff, J. (2012). Priming ability emotional intelligence. Intelligence, 40(6), 614-621. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2012.09.001

Shirkani, J. (2014). Ego vs. EQ. Brookline, Mass.: Bibliomotion, Inc.

Why Emotional Intelligence Matters in Career Development - Career Professionals of Canada. (2018). Career Professionals of Canada. Retrieved from https://careerprocanada.ca/why-emotional-intelligence-matters-in-career-development/

Woodworth, R. & Marquis, D. (2014). Psychology (Psychology Revivals). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.

www.bizjournals.com (2018). Retrieved from https://www.bizjournals.com/bizjournals/how-to/human-resources/2017/08/the-importance-of-emotional-intelligence-in.html