Understanding And Managing Behavioural And Psychological Symptoms Of Dementia Essay.

the following gently ang describe a sestemate renew of musk thenw and damenUa Wows swoons:a ircareent on/s foe an betty man yak dementia, bang In resdernal are. ono ocontnuallyarantherg to have entrant with a feria menet with moderatekevere dementia Describe the cycle et mean on and cam for the ober adah wlth BPSO and their WC/ (we Reading 31 • Reading: alehtimars Australia 2012. 'lleBOC Reducing behaybors of «meth. A hands on guide: A resource to auk: these caring for people liang win dementia, AhheWeAskaStrbia SA Inc, Stlyth Austen lip. Rime. G. & amide C 2010.

The Royal Annan& New Zeaonci Cage of Psychistrem 2013, 'Anthument anti nuragernent of people with behavioral and Maoegad wmotars of dementia (BPS7). A eandtook for Describe and dhows Ug characterlsta of a dementia friendly envionment. • Reefing Name, 0. & Nevi., C 2010, Terivrgnity mental health Tr Oleee people', Elsevier, Chatsecod, NSW. On 4. the Royal Paean & Nave Zealand Cceete of Psnahlatticts 201a.

Assessment al management of pup* reath telorthcral and psychcl meal wrrotomi of dementia 03PS01. A handbook for NSW Heath eincianil, NSW MInktry or Heath and the Revel &Main & New Zaatiell Cage of Psychiatris% hones Sydney, NW/ Aetorlan State Government 'Actor* Gammen'. Health ligamallon: Dementia Faintly Environment,. Garda fa Rendentol care.

Knowledge of Pathophysiology of Dementia and BPSD

Typically, dementia is a chronic disorder of mental process that is as a result of brain disease or injury, it is characterized by memory disorders, change in personality and reasoning impairment. Majority of people with dementia will always experience Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) at some point during their illness, majorly during the middle or later stages. This article focuses on appraising the extent to which existing services support the older person with BPSD.

Knowledge of Pathophysiology of Dementia and BPSD

A person with dementia may start to act differently as their condition progresses. Sometimes they may develop behaviors that are distressing and challenging for caregivers, themselves and others (Alzheimer’s Association 2015). When a person with dementia behaves differently, the behavior should not always be seen to be as a direct result of dementia or its symptom moving to another level. Instead, it should be viewed to be as a result of many causes including difficulties relating to dementia, mental and physical health, habits, personality, interactions with others and the environment.

The possible causes of someone behaving differently as expected may be biological such as being in pain, psychological i.e. perceiving a threat, or social as a result of boredom. In order to accommodate such people in the environment, it is important to view beyond behavior and think about what might be causing it. This is as a result of the fact that their behavior may be an attempt to communicate their needs.

Out of character behavior often resolve after a certain period of time and often managed by caregivers. However, it comes a time where an input of the professional is required. Professionals will always rule out the exact physical problem by determining whether it is as a result of infection, pain, constipation, poor eyesight or hearing. Side effects of medication or taking a variety of medicines sometimes also cause behavioral change; such a case can be managed by avoiding drugs.

A reflective practitioner should do the following things so as to reduce the chance of person with dementia developing out of character behaviors: first is ensuring continuous social relationship, secondly is encouraging the person to engage in meaningful activities, third is reducing unnecessary noise and clutter, another one is providing people with familiar personal items, and finally, maintaining a comfortable sleeping environment (Kales et.al 2014). In addition, the practitioner should have the following tips to ensure proper management of out of character behavior: first, acknowledge that the person is not intentionally being difficult; don’t take it personally.

Tips for Reducing Out-of-Character Behavior

Second, understand the history of the person. Third, the person with dementia also has emotions so the practitioner should consider the feelings the person is trying to express. Another tip is testing the eyesight and hearing to confirm that the person has the two senses. Finally, the practitioner should support the person to be independent as much as possible.

In Australia, the aboriginal communities in remote areas have the culturally-appropriate resource which is freely available for professionals and health workers supporting people with dementia. They have designed a set of eleven posters to aid communication around dementia and BPSD. The posters include information and strategies to assist with reducing the problems associated with aggression, agitation, anxiety, apathy, calling out, delusions, hallucinations, resistance to care, sleep problems, socially inappropriate behaviors and wandering (Fleming, Goodenough,  Chenoweth and Brodaty 2016.). The strategies laid focuses on understanding these problem-solving steps: first is to ask the person what might be upsetting and what they think could help; thereafter take action as they say.

Second is to check the physical and medical conditions, third is to check the presence of excess or inadequate stimuli, then check the emotional experiences that might be lacking in the person that provides a sense of wellbeing. Thereafter find out what is more important to the person and finally generate actions that are geared to the specific personal needs relevant for the person. The main objective of the poster is to support aboriginal communities living in remote areas of Australia.

The Australian aging agenda, on the other hand, researched on the BPSD and explained why symptoms occur and outlined some strategies to alleviate them. According to their research, 90% of people with dementia will experience one or more BPSD. This behavioral change causes functional and physical disability and decreases persons’ quality of life (Weaver 2015). It also increases the caregiver and staff stress. Among the symptoms outlined by the Australian aging, agenda are: communicating feeling and need, for instance, a situation where the victim intrudes into one's conversation in a manner that lacks etiquette.

Here the victim should not be judged as rude but in otherwise the brain may have diminished their ability to wait or reason. To alleviate this, the caregiver should assume the intrusive nature of the victim and with time the victim will understand and this will bring his/her physical comfort. Managing an immediate situation is another outlined symptom, this is where the victim always wants to be addressed with urgency and feel unsafe under any circumstance like anytime the victim feels like to have lost something precious.

Culturally-Appropriate Resource for Remote Aboriginal Communities

To curb this, the caregiver should always talk positively to the person by telling the victim of how much he/she must be worried about the situation and finally tries to offer help. This interpersonal relationship will make the victim feel to be cared of and will ease his/her ability to recover. The objective of the Australian aging agenda is to give guidelines to the caregivers so as to offer intensive care to the aged with dementia.

Both the aboriginal communities of Australia association and the Australian aging agenda provide the crucial services to the people living with dementia. The Australian journal of dementia care gives information to both the caregivers and the professionals so as to ensure that people living with dementia are taken care of to enhance their recovery from out of behavioral change. The Australian aging agenda, on the other hand, provides information to the caregivers so as to ensure that correct methods are used to alleviate biological, psychological and social problems experienced by the people living with dementia.

Service Design Project

To enhance the lives of older people living with BPSD, non-pharmacological strategies should mostly be considered so as to manage their behavioral symptoms. These strategies involve the following domains: one is activities; introduce activities that capture into preserved capabilities and past interests. The activities should involve recurring motion and the patient should initiate participation.

Second is education and support; the behavior of the patient should be understood that it is not intentional, there should be no right and wrong in performing activities provided the caregiver is not harmed. Accept the patients’ view of what is right and avoid quarreling or trying to convince above all take care of an individual and practice healthy behaviors (Davison, Monotti and Wiseman 2015). Third is communication; let the patient have enough time to respond a question and ensure that simple choices are offered. In addition, avoid negative words and tone, at times touch lightly to reassure, calm or redirect.

Allow the patient to always identify you if the patient doesn’t remember the name take the initiative to remind him/her. Another domain is, simplify the environment; use labels or other visual cues. Avoid noise and distractions when in a conversation or when the patient is in an activity and always use simple visual reminders like pointing. Finally, simplify task; divide each task into simple procedures, use the verbal prompt for each step. In addition, provide structured daily routines that can be predicted.

Strategies Outlined by the Australian Aging Agenda

Change in behavior of the patient should be understood and the caregiver should find out what works best for the patient. This service design project focuses on the following behaviors of the old aged people with dementia: Restlessness, people with dementia majorly develop various restless behaviors as a result of biological factors, however, the caregiver should ensure that the patient has plenty to eat and drink and that their surrounding is supportive. Repetitive behavior; they make the same gesture, carry out the same activity and ask the same questions. This can be tiresome for the caregivers, who easily become irritable and frustrated that they can’t rest. In this case, the caregiver should be tactful and patient but always encourage them to find answers for themselves.

Shouting and screaming; the patient might be trying to communicate but is experiencing communication problems. Therefore, the patient should not be ignored but instead involve them and try to explain to them what is happening for he/she may be misinterpreting the caregiver’s intentions. Walking; sometimes people with dementia tend to walk about more, this may be stressful to the caregivers but the caregiver should ensure that the patient has plenty of work to do and get physical stimulation every day (Bosco et.al 2018).

Hiding, hoarding and losing things; the patient may be conveying the message that he/she needs to be in control of the hidden item so they will always tend to protect them, in so doing they end up forgetting where they placed them thus losing the items. In this case, the caregiver should not leave important documents around and if need be then come up with a box where the patient can put objects. 

Philosophy of the Service Design

The desire to care is based on emotional care; this requires a transfer of attention services from exclusively providing task-based care. The shift from performing it to achieving real emotional connection is at the heart of being person-centered. The philosophy of dementia care is to know that feelings matters the most, we all desire real human connection. This applies most to people living with dementia. Accepting a person’s authenticity makes logic; joining someone in their actuality is the only way to reach people. Believing there is always a way to reach another person is at the center of treasuring people and life.

In positively focused dementia care begins with visualizing, hearing and feeling the lived capability of people on a minute by minute basis (Vaingankar et.al 2016). Forgoing the busy schedule and entering into peoples’ lived experience is the genesis of good quality dementia care.

Service Design Project

Facing the reality needs real leadership; in dementia care, leadership involves encountering different types of reality. It is about creating services that hold up an exciting image of what dementia care can look, sound and feels like. Dementia as a condition cannot be fixed but the approach to people living with dementia can, showing them that we care about their feelings matters the most and can change lives. The focus of the philosophy is to improve self-awareness and emotional intelligence in caregivers. These will in-turn provide high-quality emotional care to the older person with BPSD.

Coaching skills lead to action; training creates practice-based evidence. It is the method of transferring skills directly into practice; mostly involve instructing a mixture of inspiration and passion with new knowledge (Dewing and Dijk 2016).  This will in-turn leads to enlightening people’s daily quality of life. Finally, developing dementia care is like a magic; service growth in dementia care requires its own form of magic. However, this phenomenon requires creativity, endurance, and determination. Retaining momentum matters in dementia care, and sustainability is the key for those fighting hard to improve old peoples’ quality of life.

Conclusion

The old culture is so dominant, and can easily return if caution is not taken into consideration. Sharing knowledge is the way to help the caregivers with service growth responsibility to provide their own magic in dementia care. These skills will, therefore, appraise the extent to which existing services support the older person with BPSD. 

Reference

Alzheimer’s, A., 2015. 2015 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures. Alzheimer's & dementia: the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 11(3), p.332.

Bosco, A., Schneider, J., Coleston-Shields, D.M., Sousa, L. and Orrell, M., 2018. Dyadic construction of dementia: meta-ethnography and behaviour-process synthesis. Aging & mental health, pp.1-9.

Davison, M., Monotti, A. and Wiseman, L., 2015. Australian intellectual property law. Cambridge University Press.

Dewing, J. and Dijk, S., 2016. What is the current state of care for older people with dementia in general hospitals? A literature review. Dementia, 15(1), pp.106-124.

Fleming, R., Goodenough, B., Low, L.F., Chenoweth, L. and Brodaty, H., 2016. The relationship between the quality of the built environment and the quality of life of people with dementia in residential care. Dementia, 15(4), pp.663-680.

Kales, H.C., Gitlin, L.N., Lyketsos, C.G. and Detroit Expert Panel on the Assessment and Management of the Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of Dementia, 2014. Management of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia in clinical settings: recommendations from a multidisciplinary expert panel. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 62(4), pp.762-769.

Vaingankar, J.A., Chong, S.A., Abdin, E., Picco, L., Jeyagurunathan, A., Zhang, Y., Sambasivam, R., Chua, B.Y., Ng, L.L., Prince, M. and Subramaniam, M., 2016. Care participation and burden among informal caregivers of older adults with care needs and associations with dementia. International psychogeriatrics, 28(2), pp.221-231.

Weaver, J. (2015). Dementia: Empathy is key to alleviating worrying behaviours. Australian Ageing Agenda, (May/June 2015), 48.