Literature Review Essay On Robotics: Advantages, Disadvantages, Applications, And Human-Robot Interaction.

This part of the assignment is concerned with learning outcomes 1 and 2.  You are to write a literature review on a topic of your choice that has to be agreed with the module tutor before submission. The topic has to relate to computing / computer science.  Your topic will be agreed in the tutorial classes.  This is an individual piece of work – you cannot work with another student.

To evidence that you have done this, and to meet the requirements of learning outcome 1, you will need to submit the review, to Blackboard through Turnitin, with three additional pieces of evidence which are:

1. A map pf the space around your topic (As described in the lecture and also done in tutorials. See document on Blackboard called Ass1A)
2. An annotated list of five search terms used when doing your review (See document on Blackboard called Ass1B)
3. A copy of one of the papers that was included in your review.

These three documents will be cross checked against the literature review and the work is required to align.

Write your review using the A4 IEEE template There is a cut down version on the Blackboard pages.  Your review should include at least eight and no more than thirty papers.  You do NOT get extra marks for adding more references. Include a reference list at the end of the review – use the format for references as specified in the IEEE template. Ensure that all referenced work is cited in the main text.

The literature review should be between 1500 and 2500 words (not including references).  Exceeding these word limits will result in a penalty of between 10% and 30% being applied.

The final version of your work has to be submitted to Blackboard and through Turnitin.  Additionally, you can send in your literature review for five lines of feedback in advance of submission so long as it is submitted by 17^th November 2018. The main deadline for this work is the 22^nd November 2018.  On this date all four documents need to be uploaded to Blackboard.

Advantages of Robotics

The aim of this report is to discuss about the topic robotics. A brief discussion of the advantages and the disadvantages are provided in this report. A detailed discussion of the application areas of the robotics is stated in this report. A discussion of the future scope of robotics is provided in this report. Lastly, this report concludes with an appropriate conclusion for this report.

The sector of robotics is a connected branch of engineering and science, which includes the branch of mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, computer science, and information engineering and several others. The robotics sector deals with the designing, operation, constructing, and the utilisation of robots along with the computer systems for controlling, obtaining sensory feedback and processing of information. The utilisation of these technologies is done for the development

of machines that can replace humans and perform all the tasks of humans [3]. The utilisation of robotics can be done in several situations such as the detection of bombs in any

war or the deactivation of bombs. Robots have the capability of replicating the human form and perform the tasks more efficiently than humans [5]. Some of the tasks are like walking, speech, cognition, and lifting.

Discussion

The recent trend of adopting the technology of robotics is advantageous as well as disadvantageous for the common people [4]. Many people fear that with the implementation of robots and full automation can overtake the jobs.

 Advantages of robotics

The advantages of robotics outweighs the disadvantages. The ability of the company of succeeding as well as improving the lives of people is enriched with the implementation of robotics [2]. Still, human employees are required for keeping the operations running maintaining the businesses. Some of the advantages of implementing robotics in the companies are:

1. Safety: The major advantage that is gained from the implementation of robotics is the aspect of safety [1]. Heavy machinery, and the machineries that run on hot temperature, and the sharp objects that can easily injure any individual [9]. The safety of the workers in such a workspace can be ensured with the automation of the tasks.
2. Speed: The speed of completing several tasks can be increased with the implementation of robotics. Robots can be made work full time which will help in increasing production of the company [6]. This keeps the employees from having to work extra for meeting the daily requirements.
3. Consistency: Robots do not have the tendency of dividing their attention among several works. The work of robots is never considered to be contingent on work of any other individual [8]. Robots do not have any kind of emergencies and there will not be any situation of reallocating any task to some other individual. It is also considered that the aspect of automation is by far reliable than any other human being.
4. Perfection: Robots can ensure the delivery of best quality work. As the robots are programmed for precise and continued repeated motion, there is less possibility of any kind of mistakes by the robots [7]. In some situations, robots are considered to be employee as well as a system of quality control. The possibility of human errors are eliminated with the implementation of robotics in the workplace.

 Disadvantages of robotics

Potential losses of jobs: One of the major concerns of implementing robotics is the impact of robotics on the workers [10]. If the robots perform a work faster than any humans, they will be replaced with robots. As robots present consistency with the work, then there is a high possibility that there need of human workforce will be minimised and it will lead to the elimination of human workforce.

Initial cost of investment: The major concern for automation is the workspaces is the investment cost that the company has to bear for automation. An extensive case of business needs to be built for the implementation of the technology [12]. The return from automation can be quite substantial and it can also occur in a short time period. Furthermore, the flow of cash needs to be sustainable in meantime and the company stability can be ensured as the risk is significantly less than the benefits from automation using robotics [13]. But it is observed in several instances that there will be availability of schedule of repayment that makes it easier to control and afford the finance.

Application of robotics

This method of classification can become more relevant as the robots becoming to increasingly designed for the particular tasks. As an example, several robots are designed for the performing of assembly work that might not be easily adaptable for any other application [11]. These robots are termed as assembly robots. For the purpose of seam welding, several suppliers offer welding systems that are completed with the implementation of robots, which means the equipment of welding along with several other materials for handling facilities like the turntables as a combined unit [10]. Some other application of robotics are:

Disadvantages of Robotics

Military robots: these robots helps in the military of a country in the situation of battle

Caterpillar plans for developing the machines that are remotely controlled and it is expected that the automation with robots will be complete in minimal time.

Robots are extensively utilised in the manufacturing industry. In auto industry, the robots can amount for almost all the labour. Some of the factories of manufacturing like the IBM keyboard manufacturing industry that has been completely automated with the implementation of robotics [15].

Robots are also used in the hospital for acting as couriers in the hospitals.

Robots have the ability of performing as the waiters and cooks.

 Interaction of human-robot

If the utilisation of robotics has to be done in the non-industrial or in the homes for performing the jobs, and especially how the interaction can be done is the most important aspect [17]. Interaction with the robots can be done with the use of these features:

Speech recognition: The interpretation of the continuous sound flow originating from any human, in real time is troublesome for any computer as the variability of speech is higher in the various sounds. Robots are currently designed for simplifying the speech recognition process and improve the interaction among the computer and humans.

Robotic voice: other troubles exist when the robots are allowed to use the voice interacting with the humans [18]. For several social reasons, the use of synthetic voice proves to be suboptimal as a media of communication, which makes it necessary for the development of component of emotion of the robotic voice using several techniques.

Gestures: Gestures can be utilised for the improved interaction with any robot. The programming of robots is done in a manner that the robots can understand the gestures of the humans and perform the required tasks [16]. Hand gestures are most commonly used for interacting with robots.

Expression of face: facial expressions can also be utilised for providing quick feedback on the development of any dialog among two humans, and it is considered that soon enough the same can also be applied for the robots and humans [19]. Robots are programmed for approaching the humans and judge the facial expression and the body language.

Social intelligence: several institutes in the present times are conducting research for developing robots with the aim of creating a robot that can learn the tasks and the goals from any human demonstration without any prior knowledge of the concepts that are high-level [20].

VII. Future scope of robotics

The fact cannot be denied that the technologies of robotics are all set for changing the methods by which things are done in the industries where the robots are Robotics is comprehensively used in the present times for simplifying the tasks of humans and provide better opportunities. Some of the major future scope of the use of robotics are:

Robotics is considered to substitute the entry of data and the jobs of rekeying the data with the automated techniques and tools.

Repetitive jobs such as data assembling and the tasks of formatting that utilise a unique set of protocols for following the process can be easily performed by using robotics. The entrepreneurs are articulating a related sentiment and are optimistic about the utilisation of the robotics in several segments of the industries. Robotics is mainly expanding in the industries like manufacturing, FMCG, packaging, pharmaceutical, and inspection. Robotics are extensively utilised in the sector of healthcare in the form of skill and assistive development technologies.

The other sectors that use the features of robotics are the education and defence.  The world recently faced the revolution of PC and the mobile revolution. Now it is considered that the next revolution will be in the sector of robotics. Almost all the tasks that are performed with the process that are computer-aided and uses a protocol set for the operation can be easily performed by using robotics. It is also considered that the robots will be able to perform all the tasks that are performed by any human along with the advancements of the techniques and tools of the robotic science.

VIII. Robotics using computer science

With the help of computer science in robotics, several problems can be solved that ranges from operating a rover on the planet Mars to addition of numbers. The computer science language Python can be used for talking with the robots and make them create noises, explore their surroundings, take pictures and draw the environment around the robot. The camera on the top of the robots can help them make movies and take pictures. With the help of computer science programming, the motor power of the robots powers the large wheels and help the robots move. The programming of the robots are commonly done with the help of the programs of computer science.

In the present times, computer science is extensively utilised in the sector of robotics for executing the task of creation of innovative algorithms for addressing of basic challenges in robotics computing, that includes motion planning in the complex environments, efficiently modelling the kinetics of robots and the dynamic and offering new interfaces for the interaction among human and robot. The advances in the computer science sector provides a wide range of expertise for these problems that includes geometric computing, simulation that is based on physical environments, methods of probability and parallelisation of the GPU and CPU, computational haptics and machine learning.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that robotics is quickly entering the space of industries and several other utilities application and the opportunities of entrepreneurship are opening up for the individuals who wish to grow in this sector. It is obvious from the details that are provided above that the robots have proved to be useful in executing the functions that cannot be done by humans.

The robotics sector deals with the designing, operation, constructing, and the utilisation of robots along with the computer systems for controlling, obtaining sensory feedback and processing of information. The recent trend of adopting the technology of robotics is advantageous as well as disadvantageous for the common people. The advantages of robotics outweighs the disadvantages. The ability of the company of succeeding as well as improving the lives of people is enriched with the implementation of robotics.

1. References

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