Design, Experimentation, And Analysis Of Photovoltaic And Wind Energy Systems Essay.

At several stages in the development, you have to make design decisions, and to measure various properties of Photovoltaic and Wind energy systems. You should write a report, based on your discoveries, observations and calculations. You will be working with at least one other student, but although your observations and laboratory time may be shared, your reports must be written independently. This assignment counts for 40% of the total module marks.

The marking scheme is as below:

Clearly structured report with appropriate use of tables, graphs, diagrams and subsections.

Literature Review:Effective review of literature resources such as textbooks and journal articles to build the foundation for the experiments/design presented in the report. In-text citation and referencing using appropriate referencing style.

Experimental Results:Appropriate summarisation of data from experiments organised into tables and figures without duplication of data. Accuracy of results. 20 PV and Wind Hardware Experiments part only

Technical Design:Detailed design combined with appropriate technical analysis of design results.

Discussion/Conclusions:Clear discussion of findings with logical conclusions based on evidence and a competent critical analysis.

Presentation:Excellent layout, conforms to all technical specifications with clear expression of ideas and appropriately presented.

Influence of Mechanical Speed on Generator Voltage

The increase in population and the pollution is the biggest issue that world is facing, the use of conventional fuels is the key problem of pollution around the world. Majority of countries ae moving to the non pollutant energy sources. The use of solar is on the top, while the use of wind is also increasing day by day. The sun is the main foundation of energy for the photovoltaic which converts heat energy into electricity. Wind is use to drive the rotor of the wind turbine which converts kinetic energy to electrical energy. Both the sources are subjected to uncertainties due to variation in atmospheric parameters. The actual output from PV and wind is dependent on the certain conditions, that is known as capacity factor. The capacity factor of WT is around 20-40% while in case of PV its around 12-15%. However it always dependent on the location, wind speed, solar irradiation and temperature of that particular location [2]. The solar power available during day time and peak during afternoon periods while the wind power is available most of the time specially during night due to high wind velocity [7]. tIntpractice,tthis impliest thet  possibility toftforming tathybrid tpowertsystemt totmediatetthetpowertimbalances,  withtthet PVtcells  tprovidingtelectricitytduring the tday tand  twindtprovidingt electricitytat night in wintertandtsummertseasons.

Efficiency of inverter is defined as the how much power from DC is converted into the AC power losttastheat,tandtalsotsometstand-bytpowertistconsumedtfor keeping the inverter in poweredtmode.tThetgeneraltefficiency formula is

The rotor current of DFIG is controllable by the dual stage converter stage, still any change in rotor current affect the stator voltage as the current in the rotor winding changes the flux of rotor and the induced voltage on stator terminal also get affected. To smoothly control the stator voltage of the DFIG the rotor fed control from converter must be implemented.

As the frequency of rotor varies the stator frequency also changes, two factor are important for stator frequency one is the mechanical speed of rotor and second is rotor frequency. Mechanical speed can be controlled by gear box arrangement still perfect control is not possible while the rotor frequency can be controllable from the converter stage. Any change in rotor frequency will leads to change in stator frequency.

The rotor current of DFIG is controllable by the dual stage converter stage, still any change in rotor current affect the stator voltage as the current in the rotor winding changes the flux of rotor and the induced voltage on stator terminal also get affected. To smoothly control the stator voltage of the DFIG the rotor fed control from converter must be implemented.

Influence of Variable Rotor Frequency on Stator Frequency

The full report is attached below designed using PVsyst utilized in evolution mode.

References

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