Factors Behind Optimization Of CAM Profile Mechanism In Mechanical Engineering

1. Explain in detail the background of the problem you are working on. Highlight its importance!

2. Use of mathematical models. Which models? Which theory is involved? Who else used this models?

CAM Profile Mechanism Operations

Important factors in a CAM profile mechanism include engineering design, load bearing, control and translational motion. Its operation involves different Mechanical Engineering concepts used in output motion that is distinct from source powering. It operates by an up and down motion of the cam follower. The kinematic movement used in robots moves through simplified mechanisms to cause motion in the desired direction. Optimized mechanism in the CAM profile has a unique performance because of its economic performance. This research method seeks to discover the factors behind this distinct optimization. These are speed and direction. With optimization as the output, it finds out how the mechanism can provide timely acceleration while in motion.  This methodology focuses on the four-stroke internal combustion mechanism as the engine used in the flat follower. Malil, Maskar, Gawande, & Bagi, (2012) try to change the design of the flat face follower into a curved face in order to achiee optimization. The result shows the vibration frequency does not change. The research also dicovers that the Cam follower has a mechanism which allows for countless chnages in motions. This allows it to operate in numerous machines. Its effectiveness in the textile and printing press machines is due to its curved design which allows for continous rotations within a linear follower link.  

Mechanical Engineering concepts include the strength, material design or dynamics, composition of the system and its mechanical operation. Cam mechanism operates through its follower link and roller (Likaj & Shala, 2013). Its movement involves geometrical and kinematic mechanisms, which facilitate for power transmission and motion. The basic concepts in use are the joint mobility, robots, Kinematics, design and development. These are the key theories affecting the reliability and capability of the cam. However, efficiency calls for checks in the mechanism and operations costs in order to identify fluctuations and displacements, which impede synchronization. Motion overlap may require motion controls for higher acceleration and mechanism (Paden & Moehlis, 2013). The point-to-point modelling defines the control mechanisms for effective and high-speed operations.

Joint motion mechanisms applies the human knee movement, which describes connectivity. In a cam, it includes a straight line and curved mechanism. Zhu, et al (2012) perform a research using mechanical toys to discover motion features their geometry and time variations. Focusing on efficiecny in a complex mechanism, the synthesis indicates that the automation process produces motion. However, the design calls for different skills in the mechanical assemblage. His means the gears and cranks must operate within the required mechanisms in order to meet the demand. This calls for an integration between kinematics, and mechanical composition. Systems performance depends on the optimization of the design to ensure that its dynamics enhance the capability of the joints (De jalon & Bayo, 2012) . In this case, the modelling of the cam follower considers the implementation of the robotic movements through a specific connectivity. The integration of designs produces different results based on the joint design. Comparative joint motion reveals that energy efficient robots have modifications in configurations, computer applications and motion interactions.

Mechanical Engineering Concepts and CAM Mechanism

Goris (2004) identifies the intelligent motion and action of robot designs which enable its mobility. He points out that robots do not rquire a follower mechanism for operation. Its operation depends on the kinematics , mechanisms, control and dynamics. However the study notes that these theories become successful within a computerised programs such a artificial intelligence, information theory and probability. Therefore optimization of a control chassis movement calls for the implimentation of a high and low operating system. Flores (2013) identifies problems arising from locomotion mechnical operations to highlight the importance of a design process. Highlighting the simplicity and efficiency of the cam-follower mechanisms the study notes the  ability to control its mechanisms by obtaining a specific follower motion. It notes that mechanical problems arise within specific levels of a mechanical design. Therefore efficiency within a cam follower design may require changes within its kinematics only. This methodology involves a disc cam hence the description of its cam layout and connection to translating follower is crucial.  The motor inputs determine the rotation and frequency which define the behavior of robotics. Timing indicates the syncronization for the desired output, operating frequencies and interuptions.

According to Sahu, Kedia, & Sahu (2016) high perrfomance requires efficiency in design and manufacturing. Efficiency in kinematics depends on the mechanical design for enhanced abilities. It also works by better mechanical systems featuring the number of moving parts and the engineering applications. This is the measure of motion with a closer look at the factors, which determine the behavior of a mechanical process. The maximization of performance determines the speed output. A systematic design with efficient energy supply starts with its motor electronics. Brown, Rong, & Boyle (2011) points towards the computer aided designs, which comprise of advanced fixtures. This supports improvements in the wheel model, which defines the steering angle and the number of, wheels hence its degree of mobility.  In this case, an analysis of the speed required in the motor transmission is efficient and it allows for monitoring the cycles’ running time and stopping time for improved processes. To measure the acceleration rate, the speed of the operating pulse facilitates for checks within the acceleration period. The transmission process is also important as it shows the strengths and weaknesses of a linear and curved mechanism.  However, kinematics requires the conditioning of the follower type. This makes the experimentation process costly and time-consuming because of the wide variety of cams, which have differences in sizes and shapes. This affects this affects the oscillation and friction (Codecogs, 2017).

Joint Motion Mechanisms in CAM Design

The design of a cam follower includes its modification for better frequency. Changes in the curved roller mechanisms affect the friction for improvements in mechanical efficiencies (Mali, Maskar, Gawande, & Bagi, 2012). The optimal design ensures that there is lower energy loss during friction. The determination of the right precision point ensures that the lubrication creates the desired behavior in the dynamic process. This has challenges as seen in the survey on fast moving scientific technology (Kumar & Michael, 2012). The cam follower mechanics is applicable in different designs including the motorcycles, cylindrical, heart shaped, linear, and snail drop among others. This rotating mechanical linkage transforms its motion into a linear follower. The shape influences the reciprocating front and back movement but it faces computational challenges (Rizzo, et al., 2011). Monitoring the reaction at the roller cam highlights the dual linear and motor functions for application challenges. Computational analysis measures the specific differences in the mechanisms. A cam mechanism features a simple machine, which works by transferring a rotational motion to a linear and vertical motion. This needs to follow the specific parameters in order to overcome the design challenges.

Conclusion

The project focuses on speed and direction as important aspects of the Cam follower mechanism. This makes arm acceleration important. In order to capture this, it is necessary to derive and determine its design, which highlights its motion, and power input. Testing the methodologies become important in checking for standardization. Different locomotion systems rely on diverse control translation and the simplicity of its design allows for efficiency in the control and turning. Articulation in human driven and computerized machine designs comes with immense challenges. The development of robots with multiple has challenges but the design process can address these.  The configuration of a cam follower becomes complex when its alignment does not provide efficiency. Mechanical engineering focuses on higher production as well as efficiency. Therefore, speed comprises of more than the rotation and friction. It also focuses on control dynamics. A comparison of the cam follower applications identifies gaps in design, motion, robotics and kinematic elements. Improvements in specific elements of a cam follower improves the motion curves, acceleration and deceleration time. The mathematical computations need to factor in the linear acceleration for constant motion within the specific time and distance. This also determines the friction rates and cam mechanisms for proper interventions in applications. Despite the simple mechanism of the cam, its dynamic attributes need an effective maintenance process that adjusts the right flow and direction. 

References

Brown, D. C., Rong, Y., & Boyle, I. (2011). A review and analysis of current computer aided fixture design approaches. Robotics and computer integrated manufacturing, 27(1), 1-12.

Codecogs. (2017). Cams. Retrieved from codecogs.com: https://www.codecogs.com/library/engineering/theory_of_machines/cams.php

De jalon, J. G., & Bayo, E. (2012). Kinematics and dynamic simulation of multibody systems: the real time challenge. Springer Science & Business Media.

Flores, P. (2013, November 5). A computational approach for cam size optimization of disc cam follower mechanisms with translating roller followers. Journal of mechanisms and robotics, 5.

Goris, K. (2004). Autonomous mobile robot mechanical design. Vrije University, Scientia Vincere Tenebras. Brussels: Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Retrieved September 21, 2017, from https://mech.vub.ac.be/multibody/final_works/ThesisKristofGoris.pdf

Kumar, V., & Michael, N. (2012). Opportunities and challenges with autonomous micro aerial vehicles. The International Journal of Robotics Research, 31(11), 1279-1291.

Likaj, R., & Shala, A. (2013). Analytical method for synthesis of cam mechanism. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology, 432-435.

Mali, M., Maskar, P., Gawande, S., & Bagi, J. (2012). Design optimization of cam & follower mechanism of an internal combustion engine for improving the engine efficiency. Modern Mechanical Engineering, 2(3), 114.

Malil, M., Maskar, P. D., Gawande, S., & Bagi, J. (2012). Design Optimization of Cam & Follower Mechanism of an Internal Combustion Engine for Improving the Engine Efficiency. Retrieved September 21, 2017, from https://file.scirp.org/pdf/MME20120300006_92300689.pdf

Paden, B. A., & Moehlis, J. (2013). Point-to-point control near heteroclinic orbits: Plant and controller optimality conditions. Automatica, 49(12), 3562-3570.

Rizzo, A., Hernandez, L. F., Leonardo, B., Toro, C., Zhao, X., Santoros, F., & Lin, N. (2011). Computational challenges in simulating and analyzing experimental linear and non linear circular dichronism spectra . American Chemical Society, 811-824.

Sahu, L. K., Kedia, V. K., & Sahu, M. (2016, February). Design of cam and follower system using basic and synthetic curves: A review. International Journal of Innovative Science, Engineering & Technology, 3(2). Retrieved September 21, 2017, from https://ijiset.com/vol3/v3s2/IJISET_V3_I2_51.pdf

Vanderborght, B., Tsagarakis, N., Van, H. R., Thorson, I., & Caldwell, D. G. (2011). MACCEPA 2.0 compliant actuator used for energy efficient hopping robot Chobino 1D. Autonomous Robots, 31(1), 55-65. Retrieved September 21, 2017, from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bram_Vanderborght/publication/225896451_MACCEPA_20_Compliant_actuator_used_for_energy_efficient_hopping_robot_Chobino1D/links/5797572508aed51475e69316/MACCEPA-20-Compliant-actuator-used-for-energy-efficient-hopping-rob

Zhu, L., Xu, W., Snyder, J., Liu, Y., Wang, G., & Guo, B. (2012, November). Motion guided toy modelling. ACM transactions of graphics, 31(6). Retrieved September 21, 2017, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1359/606e641857325042849946061a728b70cab2.pdf