Project Essay On Makola Shopping Mall Construction - ENERGOPROJEKT Ltd. In Ghana.

write a report about your project. Your report must include:

• A brief description of the organizational setting and the project environment to ensure the reader understands the context in which the project is set.

• An outline of the objectives of the project and the importance of the project to the organization.

• A detailed overview and analysis of the use of relevant project management concepts, tools and techniques demonstrating knowledge and understanding of project management as covered in the subject. This section should comprise the main part of your assignment.

A favourable change takes place in a construction industry facilitates a person in generating returns over a short span of time. This project is based on evaluating makola shopping mall as commercial building project select by ENERGOPROJEKT Ltd in Ghana. This assignment is related to the selection of the best suitable methodologies in a project. Present investigation lies in creating a project plan by which network diagram and Gantt chart is present to the clients. This sketch helps in determining the duration of a project report as completing a plan in fewer time matters a lot for an entity that generates a number of clients in favour of the business. Risks are also evaluated by an entity as this helps in enhancing the existing performance of an entity.

This report emphasizes on building commercial trade centre in form of Makola shopping mall in Ghana which was a successful commercial building project of ENERGOPROJEKT Ltd. This place is ideal for all the traders in Ghana as it includes various kinds of business shops and offices. It is located in a centre of Ghana which was the essential factor in attracting clients towards the businesses set up by the traders in this shopping mall.

Success or failure of any construction project depends on the culture and features of the country which play an integral role in executing a project. Ghana is a multicultural nation which has a variety of ethnic groups with different religions and languages spoken in the country. The population of Ghana is approx 27 million that facilitates Construction Company to build new projects to get a good response from all the citizens of Ghana. Past project of the company is related to the commercial construction which is makola mall which arouses interests among all the people of the country to take initiative in purchasing shops in the mall to enhance their earnings.

ENERGOPROJEKT is a construction company established in 1991 based in Ghana is large scale entity deals in offering construction related services to its variety of clients. The services of this company include construction, renovation, fishing, hydro technical, refurbishing, upgrading and extension of building structures. Interior design services are also offered by an entity to offer a complete package of construction services along with the exterior as well as interior designing of makola shopping mall built by the firm. This construction work of the business entity supported by all the peoples of Ghana as increasing trends in a construction industry refines the position of an entity in the external business environment.

Area of shopping mall- 15000 sq. m

Client- SSNIT&AMA, Accra

Completion year- 1997

Service type- main contractor

Project manager viewpoint

Mr. George Appiagyei, joined ENERGOPROJEKT in 1996 after 5 years from the establishment of the company to handle the position of field operations officer and undertook the project for makola shopping mall. The location of this mall was good as it was located in the heart of a central business area of Ghana. It is centrally located on Kojo Thompson Road which is famous tourist destination which attracts a wide number of visitors daily that helps in increasing the business of all the traders.

Project Details

The current building structure of the shopping mall offers 623 facilities to its clients with total space of 4042.05 sq.m let table to the traders. 99% of the total space has occupied by the client shows the success of a project as the design of the building has accepted by the traders as this centre is centrally located.

The Quality of the outcome is important as it increases the entire productivity of its project as well as personnel associated with the projects. Construction project management is a process that includes directing and controlling of all the activities associated with the construction project. It is regard as the art of coordinating with all the resources used in a project of building. All kinds of resources is use in a plan such as financial resources, capital, personnel, machinery to facilitate a person in completing a project towards the success of a project. Skills and attributes of an individual are taken into consideration as every action of a person contributes differently to various projects[1]. Modern management techniques is utilize in a project in crafting all the goals and the objectives for the helpful of a particular project. Goals and the objectives is craft by a project manager different for different project by aligning all the aims and targets of the project. Project management is a broader aspect which covers various projects in the project management which differ according to the nature of all the projects. Several segments of all the project management is taken into account as this would help in accomplishing a particular goals and targets.

Construction management of commercial building involves planning, coordination and controlling of all the tasks and sub duties covered in a construction projects. Designs are create by an architect are presented in front of the client to take their approval for the final creation of a building. Changes are made by the architect according to the needs and an expectation of the clients as preferences of client differs from one person to another. Auto cad drawings are presented to the client to know their preference as satisfying client is the basic motive of an architect. Diverse construction projects includes agriculture, residential, commercial, institutional, industrial, heavy civil and environmental[2]. Different variety of property types differ from one client to another as the final outcome of a project depends on the project taken up by an individual. In the current assignment, Commercial building project are taken in considerations which includes business buildings, apartments. Elevation of the building is presented in front of the clients. Designs of building have different perspectives such as 2D and D designs that are given to the clients according to the budget of the users. An architect charge different price according to the budget of the client. Streamlining of process of construction project is essential for the project manager in delivering the final outcomes to the user to accomplish a particular project in the best suitable time[3]. Complexity of tasks is important as it helps in prioritizing of the tasks to complete suitable and important tasks as compared to all other tasks in a project. Appointment of project personnel play a significant role in a project as employees are true representatives of the business as their action reflects the policies and working of an entity. Investors attracted towards the business when an entity generates higher returns in the external business environment. Position and goodwill of the firm showcases the skills and talent of the firm. Qualification of personnel for the commercial building construction project is determined by the head of a project as appointed inefficient employees in a project will not able to generate higher returns for the betterment of the corporation. Construction and real estate industry regarded as the service manufacturing in which clients are offered with quality oriented service to retain all of them with the existing firm. Single services present to client to create long term relationship among them as they will build their construction projects when they get satisfied with the service offer by an entity. A Cost of a building is one of the concerns for the client as price sensitive customer’s demand quality oriented work in exchange for higher prices paid to an architect.

Project Manager Viewpoint

Project associates try to build a good relationship with the client by offering all kinds of services without emphasizing on the cost but focus on the quality of the services and relationships created by the user in the entire society. Time and budget of a project management plan generate returns and higher profit for an individual in accomplishing a particular project towards the success of a project[4]. A project team is another important thing for a project manager that contributes more in creating a good plan for the betterment of a project of the business entity.

The structure of a project is determined by a project manager at the beginning of the plan to give right direction to all individual towards the success of a project. A structure of a thing is decided in advance as it covers both positive and negative aspects connected with the structure. The structure of the real estate organization affects the construction project management to assure an entity about the outcome generated by implementing all the policies. The action of an individual depends on the existing organization structure as the wrong action of the firm will, in turn, affects the returns and revenues generated out of it. It is essential to know about different organizational structures before ascertaining their impact on a particular project[5].

In the supervision of project manager, commercial building structure decided by the manager as makola shopping mall is centrally located in the middle of the country. Location of the building is strong which in, turn, attracts a wide number of people towards the businesses. Various facilities offered by this trade centre include cosmetics, fmcg, clothing wear, fashion accessories to cater a variety of needs and expectations of all individuals. Branch manager delegates work among all its subordinates as they have direct contact with the client of the project. Changes in demands of the client created final changes in the designs and plan. 

Functional design departmentalization is one of the structures of a construction company in which work is delegated to personnel horizontally. Field operation manager interacts with the client and prepares rough designs based on the demands o the client and then rough design supplied to the employees to prepare final and finished designs of the shopping centre to start the construction work.  Functional manager delegates responsibilities and tasks to all its subordinates as they have controlling power to take care of the performance of their team. The functional organization will affect a construction scheme like this is set up for daily routine operations of an entity and not for accomplishing a project aim and objectives[6]. This kind of organization restricts an assignment manager as the primary purpose of this type of structure is to produce normal goods and services by fulfilling their obligations.

Departmental horizontal separation is another approach used by an entity deals in providing construction and related services to their clients. Delegation of tasks and duties depends on the size and nature of business as small consultation firms categorize their firm into one segment and large company segments into two or more distinct parts to emphasise on all important parts of their business such as marketing and development activities are done to promote the existing business venture in front of the external entity in gaining trust and loyalty of the client.

Project Capacity

Project plan enhances the capability of a person in delegating work to its subordinates rather than holding the power of controlling with the superior[7]. Spontaneous decisions make by the firm in resolving the queries of the customers as subordinates have the power to takes decisions on their own without consulting their top level authority. Plan is fruitful for creating a new project as project manager assign all the tasks of the daily routine as well as the new project of building the commercial building to its subordinates without any hassle. Most of the entity prefers this organizational structure which is flexible enough to continue their normal routine operations along with the new project started by an entity.

Project organization is another organization structure, in which project manager especially focuses on the management of a project. A manager has 100% ownership of the project started by an entity. A supervisor focuses on the completion of the plan which includes setting priorities, objectives, and goals of plan, utilizing resources in a project, setting the budget, appointing workforce. Allocation of tasks is regard as the most important thing for a project manager as the wrong allocation of work responsibilities in a project will not give right direction to a project[8]. The benefit of using this structure is that resources utilized on one project recycle into another project that saves the time and money of the owner of the firm.

The selection of a better organizational structure for a project requires a proper evaluation of all the structures of an entity that suits the needs of a plan. A project manager held responsible for delivering a quality oriented outcome to its clients by meeting all the obligations of the internal as well as the external business environment. In a functional structure of the firm, challenges are there for doing both currents as well as new work. Matrix structure supports existing work along with the new project started by an entity. Lastly, project organization structure comprises of a centralized authority structure in which greater emphasis is on all the projects start by an entity as their aim is to set goals and objectives for every new project of the client[9].  Matrix organization structure is regard as the best suitable structure which provides the comfortable environment to all the projects started by an entity as a project manager will create a plan which includes generation of the idea for different projects and then performs research on their unique ideas. Collecting data is further step taken by an entity to support the decisions presented to the client to seek their approval on all the designs created by them. 

• To build modernized makola shopping mall
• To facilitate client with centrally located trade centre
• To redefine the traditional business centres by implementing this mall
• To provide affordable shops to an individual
• To deliver services within 12 months for an approximate cost of GH?27500
• To offer customize design for shops in affordable costs

The current investigation is related to evaluating the construction industry’s trends that would be helpful for accomplishing a particular project by a project manager. A project has two aspects such as favourable as well as unfavourable that create a position of the business in the external environment. Changes in the construction industry are use as one of the important goals and targets in improving the performance of a project. Due to great recession in the external business environment, the construction industry has suffered from the heavy losses which would be compensate by building new construction buildings projects for increasing business revenues[10]. Changes in the civil engineering also create alteration in all the techniques used by architects in making modern buildings based on traditional principles of industry.

Construction Management of Commercial Building

Technological advancements enhance the construction industry as various building machinery is used to lessen the construction time. It also saves the time and money of an individual. Cost is regarded as important sources for real estate business as if they use highly expensive machines in building projects for them to compensate it through receiving money from the clients.

Project Objectives ·         To build modernized makola shopping mall ·         To facilitate client with centrally located trade centre ·         To redefine the traditional business centres by implementing this mall ·         To provide affordable shops to an individual ·         To deliver services within 12 months for an approximate cost of GH?27500 ·         To offer customize design for shops in affordable costs Deliverables ·         A 15000 Square-Foot commercial building covering shops ·         Possession of house with legal ownership within 1 year ·         24/7 water and electricity, fully secured building ·         Amenities such as swimming pool, Gym, sports area, meeting hall offer to an individual ·         Fully ventilated trade centres Milestones ·         Legal ownership agreement signed by the user till 15th August ·         Foundation poured till 20th August ·         Inspection of the construction site includes sheathing, Electrical and mechanical structures of shops passed in 10th September ·         Final examination of the location in 10th November Safety of the shopping mall is challenging task in the completion of project Technical Specifications ·         Local authority permissions approve by the construction site project ·         Windows and doors need to pass NFRC class 40 energy license rating ·         Exterior wall insulation requirement in this building is to meet A factor of 21 ·         Ceiling insulation need to pass test ratings of R factor of 38 ·         Floor insulation must surpass with R factor of 25 ·         Personal parking offer to client accommodate 2 large size cars ·         Building structure must pass seismic stability codes ·         Building structure assures the consumer from natural disaster ·         Water harvesting system equipped with the terrace to recycle rain Project Exclusions ·         Building of some apartments is based on the customized auto cad design drawings of the client create a delay in completing the whole building. ·         Client held responsible for landscape ·         Maintenance of the building is charged personally from the user ·         Contractor has right to create a sub contractor ·         Work timing of the construction limited to Monday to Thursday, 7.00 A.M to 5.P.M.

Task Name	Duration	Start	Finish	Predecessors
Building construction project	82 days	Thu 03-08-17	Fri 24-11-17
Construction Contracts	17 days	Thu 03-08-17	Fri 25-08-17
- Sale Agreement	2 days	Thu 03-08-17	Fri 04-08-17
- Supply Construction Agreement	4 days	Mon 07-08-17	Thu 10-08-17	3
- Supply Plans	2 days	Fri 11-08-17	Mon 14-08-17	3,4
- Contract Specifications	1 day	Tue 15-08-17	Tue 15-08-17	4,5
- Site Plan	2 days	Wed 16-08-17	Thu 17-08-17	6
- Contract funding	2 days	Tue 15-08-17	Wed 16-08-17	4,5
- Property Loan Settlement	7 days	Thu 17-08-17	Fri 25-08-17	8
Document Verification	36 days	Mon 28-08-17	Mon 16-10-17
- Finalize Plans	12 days	Mon 28-08-17	Tue 12-09-17	7,9
- Review site design	16 days	Wed 13-09-17	Wed 04-10-17	11
- Finalize Site Plan	2 days	Thu 05-10-17	Fri 06-10-17	12
- Print Auto cad Drawings	4 days	Mon 09-10-17	Thu 12-10-17	13
- Approve Revised Plans	2 days	Fri 13-10-17	Mon 16-10-17	12,14
- Approve Revised features of plan	1 day	Mon 09-10-17	Mon 09-10-17	13,12
- Approve Revised Site Plan	2 days	Tue 10-10-17	Wed 11-10-17	16
Bids of construction plan	22 days	Tue 17-10-17	Wed 15-11-17
- Make Copies of Plans	2 days	Tue 17-10-17	Wed 18-10-17	15,17
- Make Copies of features	2 days	Thu 19-10-17	Fri 20-10-17	19
- Distribute Plans	2 days	Mon 23-10-17	Tue 24-10-17	20
- Receive Bids	8 days	Wed 25-10-17	Fri 03-11-17	21
Verify Bids	4 days	Mon 06-11-17	Thu 09-11-17	22
- Implement Subcontractor Agreements	4 days	Fri 10-11-17	Wed 15-11-17	23
Grading & Building license	7 days	Thu 16-11-17	Fri 24-11-17
- Schedule lot stake-out	2 days	Thu 16-11-17	Fri 17-11-17	13,24
- Share of owner	1 day	Mon 20-11-17	Mon 20-11-17	26
- File Grading Permit Application	2 days	Tue 21-11-17	Wed 22-11-17	27
- File Building Permit Application	2 days	Thu 23-11-17	Fri 24-11-17	14,28,15,16

Gantt chart and network diagram are two important tools of the project management used in managing a project successfully. Gantt chart is also recognizing in scheduling of a project as project activities are scheduled according to the time of the project. An entity tries to complete all its activities within a stipulated time period. Network diagram is a tool used to present all the activities visually in front of the client. It helps in ascertaining the time duration in which the whole project gets completed within a stipulated time period.

Scheduling of the project resources is an essential aspect involved in a project management that facilitates a manager in knowing the performance of all the resources. Project schedule ascertains all the issues in a project such as when to start, suggesting a direction to project and end the project on right time. Project monitoring helps in controlling the whole project and all its activities in increasing entire return generated out of the project[11]. Delays created by the personnel in a project are ascertained in advance to resolve all the issues at a correct time. Resource allocation helps in delegating tasks and duties according to all the project goals and targets.

Scheduling of resources utilize in a project by identifying all the issues associated with a particular project such as resource constraints. Ascertaining different constraints such as people, materials, and equipment that are resource types used in the entire project or it is use as pillars of a project. Keeping the close watch on all the projects helps in meeting shortage of resources by applying re-order quantity technique. In this method, standard resource limit has set so that resources reach that limit get filled automatically (Chen, Chen, and Lin, 2016)[12]. Scheduling of resources ensures the success of a project as delaying in a project will get avoided by taking proactive actions.

Time phased schedule plan has created that helps in comparing actual costs with the plan expenses in a project. The gaps in a project fill by a supervisor by adding more resources at lesser costs. Levelling of resources used as another important technique to create balance in a project related to all the resources utilized in a building a construction plan.

Problems occur in a project are resolved by a project manager to forecast the future of project by ascertaining all the constraints that restrict an individual. A technical limitation of a project includes analyzing a plan on different angles such as starting point, pour, frame, roofing, and ending of the construction project.

Resource allocation method used by a person in eliminating all the issues related to several resources utilize in a project. Different methods of apportioning resources include limiting assumptions and risk assumptions. Activities are not split at the beginning of the activity. On another hand, decreasing flexibility in the activities will not induce the risks of the project.

Appointment of Project Personnel

Description	Unit	Labour (8 working hours)
		Head mason	Mason	Labour	Blacksmith
Excavation	10cum		3
Concrete work	10cum	1/4	8	2
Reinforcement work	Per qtl	1	1	1	1
Brick	10cum	1/2	1	1
Flooring	10cum	4	3 1/2	1/2
Plastering	10sqm	1.4	1	2

Increased duration in Weeks	Increased cost	% increase in cost
10 week	55000	0
12 week	85000	64.7%
15 week	120000	70.8%
18 week	150000	80%
20 week	200000	75%
25 week	250000	80%
30 week	300000	83.33%

Expenses
Salaries	Description	Quantity	Cost	Total
Personnel	% of Time on Project	12	0.3	$4
Benefits	23% total staff/faculty salaries	50	0.23	$12
Consultants	Consultant fee (hourly or flat)	100	0.15	$15
Guest speakers	Honoraria rate	78	0.12	$9
Sub - total Salaries				$39
Travel	Description	Quantity	Cost	Total
Lodging	cost per person/per room	120	50	$6,000
Airfare/Train	cost per person/per fare	100	200	$20,000
Gas	.485 per mile	58000	0.485	$28,130
Per Diem	meal stipend	100	30	$3,000
Other	(i.e. taxi, subway, light rail fare)	100	80	$8,000
Sub-total Travel				$65,130
Supplies	Description	Quantity	Cost	Total
Materials		500	210	$105,000
Other		400	110	$44,000
Sub-total Supplies				$149,000
Events	Description	Quantity	Cost	Total
Catering	event & # attendees	100	25	$2,500
Flowers	centerpieces, plants, etc	200	45	$9,000
Gifts	give aways - cards, pens	100	80	$8,000
Awards	citations, trophies	50	20	$1,000
Other				$0
Sub-total Events				$20,500
Marketing/Communications	Description	Quantity	Cost	Total
Graphic Design/printing	posters, flyers, program	50	50	$2,500
Advertisements	print or television advertisements	40	36	$1,440
Mailing expenses	envelopes, postage	100	3	$300
Other				$0
Sub-total Marketing/Communications				$4,240
Other MICA Depts/Services	Description	Quantity	Cost	Total
Exhibitions	services needed	12	50	$600
Campus Tech	services needed	15	80	$1,200
FacMAN	services needed	20	70	$1,400
Security	# security guards needed	35	80	$2,800
Other		40	50	$2,000
Sub-total Other MICA Departs/Services				$8,000
Training	Description	Quantity	Cost	Total
Work Study	# work study students and tasks	50	200	$10,000
Other	space rental fee	100	500	$50,000
Sub-total Training				$60,000
MICA Indirect Costs		Quantity	Cost	Total
Indirect	15% of total expenses	$1,000	0.15	$150
Sub-total Indirect				$150
Total Expenses				$307,059
Income
Program Income	Description	Quantity	Cost	Total
Department Budget	Department Name	58	23	$1,334
Sales	ticket income	100	500	$50,000
In-kind contributions	goods/services donated	120	250	$30,000
Grants/Sponsorships/RFP's	donor/prospect name	50	600	$30,000
Other	revenue from partnership	100	5000	$500,000
Total Income				$611,334
Net Income	Income-Expenses			$304,275

Particulars	Actual	Budgeted	variances	Remark
Construction materials	20000	25000	5000	Positive
Equipments	25000	15000	10000	Negative
Architect fees	30000	15000	15000	Negative
Personnel	45000	50000	5000	positive
Labour	50000	45000	5000	Negative
Legal fees	25000	18000	7000	Negative
Agreement and license charges	5000	15000	10000	Positive
Designer fees	85000	100000	15000	Positive
Customized drawings	25000	20000	5000	Positive
Site plan	12000	18000	6000	Positive
Site permissions	10000	5000	5000	Negative
Maintenance costs	50000	55000	5000	Negative
Sinking fund	50000	60000	10000	Positive

Variance budget is part of the important principles of the standard costing in which actual performance of a project is compared with the standard parameters set by an entity. Favourable or unfavourable results are determined on the movement of particular projects. In the above project positive results are increased by maintaining the position of particular projects and negative results are improved by an entity by eradicating the root causes of all the problems incurred in a project. All the problems are identified by the manager to avoid all future consequences.

Different kinds of risks associated with a construction project include construction threat, design risks, organizational risks and environmental danger. All kinds of risks covered in a building project evaluate on the probability and impact that shows that higher point ranked by construction risks with 4.0 point peril.

The risk matrix adopt by an individual in whom three colour codes are used to assess the risks associated with a construction project. Green colour denotes neutral position; yellow denotes peace and red denote danger. Likelihood of all the risks is prioritizing into three colour codes that show the performance of a construction project stated by an entity.

Risks need to be evaluated by an individual as this will restrict an entity’s skills and the capabilities to achieve the desired aim and targets. Role of a project gets increases with the passage of time when an entity will be able to ascertain all kinds of risks incurred in a particular project. Different kinds of risks incurred in particular projects such as financial as well as non-financial risks incurred in a project which needs to be evaluated by a manager. Financial risks involved in a project states that all expenses of a project are required to be met by an entity within the stipulated time period.

Biggest risk found in this project is related to the safety measures of the shopping mall. Legal authorities had taken a strict step for the closure of the project as one trader got dead due to improper safety measures at the construction site. This incident reduces the image of the makola shopping mall project as the existing traders withdrawn their share from this investment source. 

ACCA Metropolitan assembly of the Ghana, have taken an important step in resolving the safety issue of the makola shopping mall after the death of a trader at the construction site of the mall. Existing security measures of the makola mall are reviewed by the authority to regain the trust brand image of the project. A private security firm has appointed by the authority to ensure the entire safety of the construction site as well as completed trade centre. This includes putting warning sign boards at the construction site, slippery zone, damaged lift to warn an individual about the danger.

Earned value management is an approach used by a project manager in measuring the entire performance of a project as the higher progress of a plan reflects the skills and attributes of personnel associated with a project (Midler, Killen and Kock, 2016). It has focused on the project management triangle that includes scope, time and costs as these constraints improve the performance of a project. Problems associated with a project are forecasted to create alertness among the member.  

Cost and Service of Construction

Work breakdown structure is essential aspects of project management in which three different level responsibilities shown in the above figure. It guides a manager in allocating tasks and assignments to the employees to generate returns from the project. It is one of the performance management tools that seek progress of the assign task to a person in judging their capability by testing the accountability attached to all the responsibilities and duties allocate to all individuals in a project.

Success or failure of makola shopping mall depends on the positive or negative reviews of the client who utilizes all the services. In the screenshot given below, both comments of the customers such as a good place to shop are the strength of the project and crowded area due to less space of the mall. Heavy traffic due to a large number of populations in Ghana.  

Project manager are required to focus on the current weakness of the mall that is less space in the mall.[13] This problem can be resolved by extending the space by taking purchasing another plot for parking.

Conclusion 

It can be articulate from the above assignment that the best suitable methodology used in a construction project meets the higher expectation of the client. A progress of a project depends on the prior evaluation of projects as their motive is to resolve all the problems. It also emphasizes on delivering all the services to the users as satisfying the client’s needs and wants is regarded as the top priority work for an entity. Project manager plays a significant role in managing a project which results in higher returns generation by a manager after evaluating all the needs and wants. 

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