Performance Analysis Essay On Selected Projects. (70 Characters)

Analysis of Performance of the Selected Projects

1.Nominate three (3) example projects for discussion. Nominate an organisation of your choice, and the engineering discipline or disciplines in which it is operating.

Nominate three (3) suitable projects to use as examples for your discussion.

These projects should be consistent with the type of engineering disciplines in which your organisation operates.

2. Define key characteristics of each project nominated.

• Fit with current organisational strategic direction
• Estimated cost
• Estimated duration
• Expected quality of deliverables
• Current expenditure, percentage complete, quality standard achieved
• Key stakeholders
• Main risks
• Impact on the environment and society – short term and long term
• Complexity
• Other factors (for example, human resource, communications, procurement)
• Project integration factors
• Any other significant factor impacting on the project

Write a report to the Board of Directors of your organisation that:

• Summarises your analysis of each of the three (3) projects you have been asked to assess.

• Describes your proposed solution for each project, including the feasibility of implementing it.

Discusses, from an overall program management perspective, how projects within your program can be better assessed, before their acceptance by the organisation, for feasibility and alignment with the Board’s strategic direction for your organisation.

• What in your opinion are the three (3) main issues that engineering project managers are likely to face in the next 20 years? Justify your answer, giving examples of the way in which changes in these issues will impact on the project management process.
• Using example engineering projects to illustrate your answer, explain how changes in each of these issues may impact on engineering project execution and delivery.
• Discuss what additional knowledge and skills an engineering project manager may need to develop in order to effectively manage projects in the future as a result of the expected changes in each issue that you have selected.

The organization performs its roles in different engineering disciplines such as civil and information technology. The board members majorly focus on the projects with strong business cases and ensure that they are closely aligned to the engineering disciplines. The projects being nominated for the discussion are:

Project A:

Project A is mainly concerned with the development of new asset management information system and is a complex internal project for the engineering organization. The system involves various small interconnected subsystems which are mutually dependent. The project would be supervised by the specialists and the staff members of information technology section according to the business case. There are some differences among the staff members managing the project and the senior management regarding the directions which could, impact over the delivery of project successfully. With the completion of this project, the organization would be successfully able to enhance the asset management and execute advance monitoring system which would lead the organization in saving huge amount into the cost of assets.

Project B:

This project is initiated with the intention to develop facility in the remote areas. This project is found to be delayed due to the delays in the delivery of some important components from suppliers. There are numerous risks related to this project and requires to be managed effectively. This project is quite complex and includes different gaps such as lack in the well-defined purpose of the project, poor planning for project outcomes, lack of risk assessment and even involve expensive labour. It is also predicted to be penalized in case of delays in the delivery of the project. Thus, it is important to identify the prospective solutions for the project and ensure timely delivery of the same. The project is concerned with the civil engineering discipline of the organization.

Project C:

3rd project is the planning, design and implementation infrastructure development project which is also concerned with the relevant engineering discipline of the organization. The project being carried out on time and set cost is lacking in having proper stakeholder management plan which enhances the concerns over the issues of stakeholder management and could develop the critical situation in the project. The infrastructure is being developed in the environmentally sensitive area and could impact the project and its delivery to the clients as well. Thus, proper planning and alternative solutions would help in completing the project desired by the client effectively.

Project A

Project A

• Fit with current organisational strategic direction: The project meets the requirements of the organisational strategies and fulfils the desired objectives (Boyle,  2017). The project is mainly initiated with the intention to develop new asset management system which would help the organisation establish sustainable management of assets and would be able to conduct its operations more effectively.
• Estimated cost: The expected cost of the project completion is nearly about $ 3 million
• Estimated duration: The managers have set a deadline of one year approximately to execute the system in the process.  
• Expected quality of deliverables: The project would provide with good quality deliverables and would ensure proper management of assets in the business.
• Current expenditure, percentage complete, quality standardachieved:  Nearly about 35% of the project has been completed currently and meets the standards of quality as well.
• Key stakeholders:  The stakeholders of this project mainly include the staff members and the senior management of the organisation along with the expertise handling the system (Aragonés-Beltrán and et al, 2017).
• Main risks: The major risk to this project is delays in the delivery or the scheduling risk of the project along with the stakeholders’ issues.
• Impact on the environment and society: The project however does not impact the environment and society in any ways.
• Complexity: The project is highly complex and includes various difficult stages and issues.
• Other factors: It includes the issue of communication between the staff members and the senior management which leads to threaten the direction of project and could impact the same as well (Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017).  
• Project integration factors: The factors such as project scope, objectives and plans have contributed in completing the activities more successfully.
• Other significant factor impacting project:  Significant differences among the staff members managing the project and the senior management about the directions could impact the project specifically.

Project B

• Fit with current organisational strategic direction: The project would help organisation in expanding its engineering disciplines and focus over the successful strategic plans.
• Estimated cost: The project team had estimated the cost of project completion by nearly about $ 8 million.
• Estimated duration: It would consume approximately 2 year to be completed.
• Expected quality of deliverables: Currently the quality of project deliverables is expected to meet the set standards by the clients and would fulfil the requirements to a great extent (Harrison and Lock, 2017).
• Percentage complete, quality standard achieved: It is observed that the project is been completed by 25% till now but lacks in meeting the standards of planned cost along with some specific major components.
• Key stakeholders: Employees, shareholders, investors and clients are the key stakeholders of the project.
• Main risks: The project includes various risks such as exchange rate risk, financial risk, scheduled risk and cost risk.
• Impact on the environment and society: The project is concerned with the development of facility in remote area which would thus lay a positive impact over both the society and environment for long and short term specifically.
• Complexity: The level of complexity of this project is moderate (Nicholas and Steyn, 2017).
• Other factors: The project includes highly expensive human resources and even cost high in procurement of the resources for the completion of the same.
• Project integration factors:  There is huge gap in project charter along with project purpose and thus results into lack of proper integration and fulfilling the deliverables effectively.
• Other significant factor impacting on the project: The highly volatile financial climate and the delays in timely completion could highly impact the project and could even lead to high penalties (Martens and Carvalho, 2017).

Project C

• Fit with current organisational strategic direction: the project meets the organisational strategic needs and would contribute in fulfilling the directions set by the board members of organisation.
• Estimated cost of project: The planning, design and implementation infrastructure development project is been estimated to cost about $ 20 million in value.
• Estimated duration: It is expected that it would be completed in four years starting from planning to completion approximately.
• Expected quality of deliverables: The project currently is processing in well planned manner ensuring the deliverables such as quality, time and cost (Carvalho and Rabechini, 2017).
• Percentage complete, quality standard achieved: The project have been initiated and even achieved the desired quality standards.
• Key stakeholders: This project includes contractors, suppliers, employees, citizens of the residential area and the investors as its stakeholders.
• Main risks: It includes risks such as stakeholder management issues, environmental risks, operational risks and governance risk.
• Impact on the environment and society: This project would have a short as well as a long term impact over environment as the area includes rare slow growing orchids having medicinal values and would be impacted by the development activities. It would even impact the social concerns of the citizens and thus could lead the organisation towards legal threats (Burtonshaw-Gunn, 2017).
• Complexity: The project does not include any complexities and is considered among the usual projects of development in infrastructure.
• Other factors:  The project lacks in proper stakeholder management and human resources for the processes. There are even issues in procuring the desired area for infrastructure as the Citizen action committee is even ready for court battle and prevent the project from succeeding.
• Project integration factors: The factors integrating the project are project scope, planning, cost management, scheduling and meeting the quality standards of the project (Banihashemi and et al, 2017).
• Other significant factor impacting on the project: The project could be significantly impacted by disagreement of client to spend more addition cost into it and move with the alternative route of developing the infrastructure accepted by the Citizen Action committee. This environmental issue could cost the organisation higher then investments and even result in delays in the delivery of project as well.

Project A

The project charter of the development of a new asset management information system includes the major objective of defining effective asset management and providing ease to the stakeholders. The organization with this project would be able to ensure effective management of information along with the optimum utilization of the resources. In accordance with the new strategic direction of the organization, the project would contribute to the advancement in asset management and reduce the cost of business as well. The major stakeholders of this project would be staff members of information technology and the senior management of the organization (Martin and Haggerty, 2017). The stakeholders play an important role in the project as they contribute to planning and managing the activities to be carried out throughout the project and complete the same successfully. In order to complete the project within the set time frame, cost and standard quality, the staff would make use of better time management, budgeting, and quality management in the project.

It has been identified that there are stakeholders’ issues and needs in the project which would possibly lead in changes in the scopes of the project, For instance, having disagreements among stakeholders towards the establishment of information system in particular department could bring changes in the project activities. It is been found that the project would be completed only when the differences among staff about directions and change control requests are managed effectively. The change control requirements include the request of changing the project scopes and evaluate the same accordingly. Initiating a project includes different possible issues such as procurement, human resources and communication which could impact the project (Freeman,  2017). The current project includes the issues of communication between the stakeholders which might result in the delays in project completion and the delivery of the same.

The major risk impacting the project delivery is the scheduling risk as there are numerous change requests by the stakeholders which could lead in the delays in project completion; for example, bringing change in the system would consume more time and cost which would thus result in delays in the project. It is also required to execute effective change management within the management so that to avoid any risks and influences over the project. The project is considered to be sustainable approach as if the asset information system achieves its desired goals; the business would be able to avail enhanced asset management information system along with the advanced monitoring system for assets (Bryson, 2017). This project would help the organization in optimizing the cost and would save millions of the main assets. It is also important to develop an effective plan and design for the system so that to meet the desired levels of quality standards and fulfil the objective successfully.  The stakeholders must establish mutual understanding and consent over the project scope so that to eradicate any changes and ensure the delivery of project successfully.

Project B

Project B

This project is been commenced with the objective to develop facility in remote areas and facilitate the society with the same. The organization lacks in fulfilling the requirements of the project charter and do not acquire a well-defined purpose of the same. It is very important for the business to establish specific scope and purpose of the project so that to avail best efficiencies out of it. The key stakeholders of this project are the constructors, suppliers, investors and the management of the organization. The stakeholder role in the project is to identify, plan and design the activities to be carried out throughout the project and reach the desired objectives successfully (Kerzner, 2017). Based on the reviews, it has been found that the project does not meet its set cost and time limits which leads towards a risk of delays in the project. The project does not include change control requirements as there are no changes in scopes and purpose of the initiatives. It is been found that the management must focus on the attainment of enhanced resources so that to deliver the best outcome.

The delivery of project could be impacted due to the late procurement of resources, unavailability of affordable human resources as the labour is quite expensive and difficult to acquire. There are various risks into the project of delays in delivery and financial risks, for instance, lack of proper utilization of financial resources would result in losses or increased cost of the project to the organization. The organization even requires focusing on the risks such as environmental risks and operational risks while initiating the project (Harrison and Lock, 2017). There are high possibilities of delays in the delivery of the project on time and within cost, as there are delays in procuring the major components required for the project which might delay the achievement of set objectives.

Sustainability of a project is mainly the form of progress which fulfils the current requirements without compromising the ability of future in order to meet their needs. In the context of the present project, the organization ensures to manage the sustainability and the end results of the project. The project would prove to be beneficial to the environment, society and the organization and would not hamper any of the belongings.  To achieve the objectives of the project, it is also important for the organization to assess and manage the risks properly, establish effective plans, procure required resources and manage the issues effectively (Kelly and Chisholm, 2017). The project manager must focus on the development of proper scheduling and budget so that to avoid any penalties over the delays of the same and deliver the project effectively.

Project C

Project C

The project charter of project C involves identifying the project scope, manager, stakeholders and their roles within the project. It is important for the organization to manage the activities based on the set objectives of the project. This project is mainly intended to develop plan, design and implement infrastructure and serve the society with better facilities. The new strategic direction of business states to meet the set objectives of the project by acquiring advanced planning and design of the infrastructure. The project would help in expanding the business activities and area of the organization in wider senses. The major stakeholders of this project are the contractors, suppliers, employees, citizens of the residential area and the investors. The role of stakeholders in the project is considered to be important as they hold their ideas and interests in the project success (Kivilä and et al, 2017).  The project would potentially be completed within cost and time frame along with the set quality standards but includes inefficient stakeholder management plan. The issues in stakeholder management could result in impacting the project scopes or activities and its success eventually.

Proper stakeholder communication matrix would help the manager in managing the stakeholders and reducing the risk of various issues out of the same. The project manager must establish change control requirements so that to ensure effective change in the project without hampering the outcome.  In order to establish effective change control, the manager must define the change request, submit and review request, define options and create response documents and final decision and approve (Andriof and et al, 2017). These stages would help in ensuring effective execution of change control and reducing the risk of stakeholder issues in the project.

The project also includes potential influences due to the human resources and procurements of resources. For instance, the issues in the procurement of area for infrastructure due to environmental impacts could hamper the project to the great extent. It has been identified that the residents of the area are concerned that completion of the project over the provided basis for significant property development and destruction of bushland, would forever change the social fabric of their region and thus are resistant to the development. These issues could largely impact the delivery of project by the organization and could lead towards failure as well (Burtonshaw-Gunn, 2017). Delivering the project includes risk over procurement, scheduling risk, stakeholders risk and financial risk. For instance, the extra cost estimated over the alternative could reduce the effectiveness of the project and even the client satisfaction.

Project A: Objectives and Impacts

Concerning the current project, it is very essential to maintain the sustainability of project life cycle and bring economic, social and long-term environmental benefits of the project into consideration. The initiative would help in measuring the sustainability and managing the same effect. With reference to the sustainability of infrastructure project, it is been ensured that both the social and environmental aspects would be focused and managed accordingly. The outcomes of the project are expected to be sustainable for long-term and would prove to the benefit of the organization as well (Martens and Carvalho, 2017). Environmental assessment is another important aspect which would contribute to the achievement of the objective of the project as it would help in ensuring the benefits of projects and convincing the residents for the development successfully.  

Project A

While commencing the project of the asset management information system, the organization came across various serious issues impacting the outcome specifically. The issues influenced the project process and the outcome which could possibly result in loses or failure of the same. The major issues found in this particular project were the stakeholder issues, change control requests and the risk of delays in the delivery of the project (Nicholas and Steyn, 2017). These issues are the major aspects being identified that could impact the results of the project and lead the business directions downwards.  

There is the communicational gap between the stakeholders and the staff member of the system which led to the demand for changes in the scope of the project. Ineffective change control requirements would direct the delays of project and failures in meeting the quality standards specifically. The major risk impacting the project delivery is identified as the scheduling risk due to the numerous change requests made by the stakeholders which would result in delays of project and issues within the organization. Failing to complete the project on time and within the key performance indicators could raise the consequences of losing the client trust and inefficiencies at the workplace as well (Fuller and et al, 2017). The project manager must make use of effective approaches to manage the project and achieve the set objectives successfully. The manager could make use of project life cycle approach, agile project management process and critical chain approach. The agile project management process would help the organization to conduct the project in small phases and complete the same effect.

Project A: Stakeholders and Change Control Requirements

The approach would help in managing the activities to be carried throughout the project and achieve the objectives completely. The change requests by the stakeholders must be evaluated and managed by change control requirements so that to avoid any delays and issues in the quality parameters of the system. The project of developing the asset management information system requires being evaluated and planned so that to maintain a smooth flow of activities and meet the deadlines for completion. It is also important to ensure effective communication among the stakeholders, exchanging their ideas upon project scope so that to avoid any changes and complete the task within the time frame (Kerzner, 2017). The organization must work upon the issues found in the current project and establish effective approaches to manage them so that could undertake a more likely project in future. It is only important to execute specific monitoring measures and practices so that to eradicate any issues in future aspects.

Project B

 This project specifically faced the issues of meeting deadlines and the set budget along with some additional constraints. The manager of this project found that the project activities are not moving as per the desired time and cost which would result in the delays of the same. There are some additional issues such as procurement of resources, expensive labour, environmental issues and financial issues which impacted the project particularly.  It is important for the organization to focus on the risks and manage the same with the help of effective project management approaches (Lock, 2017). It has been found that there are high possibilities of delays in the delivery of the project on time as there are delays in procurement of the major components required for the project which might delay the achievement of set objectives. It is very important to ensure that the project is been supervised by the expertise and skilled personnel as it would reduce the chances of facing any failures.

There are various consequences of not completing the project within the set standards and time. The organization had to face severe financial risk or penalties for the act and would even face failure in meeting the desired objectives of the project. The engineering discipline project requires implementing effective measures and approaches so that to ensure the sustainability of the project efficiently.  The best approach for this project is the time and cost management which would help in resolving the key issues and meet the set objectives. It is essential for the manager to design and plan the project requirements and manage the resources accordingly (Cleden, 2017). Ensuring optimum utilization of resources would help the organization in making project more successful and effective. For example, ordering the major components or resources from suppliers on time by making proper plan would help in eliminating the risk of delays in procurement and further in the construction of the same. The issues of labour must be managed by the human resource management team having proper market research and negotiations over expertise.  The organization should undertake the projects in future on the basis of its resources and the experiences. This would help the management in meeting the desired expectations more successfully.

Project A: Risks and Sustainability

Project C

Project C includes the issues of stakeholder management and the sustainability management issues which have resulted in impacting the project scopes or activities and its success eventually. The project manager had faced issues with the stakeholders as it is a development of a critical component which is being developed in an environmentally sensitive area. It has been found that the residents of this area are concerned with the impact of the project on the unique environment, which has one of the last known rare slow-growing orchids that have potential medicinal value. It is important for the organization to acquire the consent of the residents also as they are the stakeholder of the project and would impact the outcome of the same (Schaltegger and et al, 2017). It is very important to convince the residents and make sure that the project does not impact the environment and the surroundings.

Proper stakeholder communication matrix would help the manager in managing the stakeholders and reducing the risk of various issues out of the same. In addition to this, the project also involves some potential influences by human resources and procurements of resources resulting in the delays in project outcome. It has been identified that the delays in project caused by the actions of Citizen Action committee have the potential to threaten the completion and prevent the project from succeeding.  Utilising the traditional project management approach i.e. initiating, planning and design, execution, monitoring and controlling and closing would help the organization in carrying out the project successfully (Andriof and et al, 2017). It would help in identifying the relevant information about the area and the alternative measures to meet the objectives effectively.  The organization should also be initiating budgeting and scheduling technique so that to meet the cost and time of client and complete the project accordingly.

There are some consequences of losing the project also as the client is not willing to pay any additional cost and time for the alternative option of developing the infrastructure. It is very important to acquire sufficient information related to the project prior to finalization so that to make better plans and design for the same. The project manager could also manage the issues by establishing effective communication and making the stakeholders understand the project plan displaying the benefits of the project effectively (Freeman and et al, 2017).

Project management refers to imitating, planning, implementation and closing of activities related to a particular project. The project management approach is used for managing operations and functions in a structured manner that helps to achieve the goals and objectives more professional manner. The current report will consider three different project activities that are going to be implemented into an organization. The report will provide detail information to board of directors for potential issues and solutions to achieve the goals and objectives.

Project B: Objectives and Stakeholders

Project A:

This project is design and developed for managing the strategic information flow of organization for proper asset management. The deadline of this project is one year and cost is about $3 million. This time and cost for this project is satisfactory and support to complete the project with required quality aspects. In the current scenario, the project is 35% completed and having compliance with the standard quality deliverables. In order to meet the outcome for this project, the manager will requires the support from the key stakeholders like project team, staff members and supplier of services (Teller and et al., 2014). However, the project is planned in effective manner but project manager needs to deal with some risks like scheduling and meeting the objectives of stakeholders.

Project B:

This project will help organization in development of strategic planning and expand the engineering discipline. The estimated cost and time for this project is $8 million and 2 years. The project is 25% completed but lacking to meet the required standards. The major stakeholders of this project are employees, shareholder, investors and users. The project is design and developed for establishing remote area for organization to improve the functionality of organization is decision making for engineering discipline (Sánchez, 2015). The complexity level of this project is moderate and project manager needs to deal with the risks of exchanges rate and fund planning.

Project C:

This project is about design and implementation of infrastructure for organization to meet the strategic direction and goals of the company. The estimated cost and time for this project is $20 million and four years. The manager and project team is proceeding with the quality approach to complete the project with required deliverables. This project will have short and long term impact of the environment and society to grow in highly competitive environment (Harrison and Lock, 2017). This project has less complexity level but lacks in the proper management of human resources and stakeholder management. The key factors integrated with project are scope planning, scheduling and implementation.

Project A:

Feasibility analysis is essential for gaining the understanding about success and failure of the project before implementing. For this project, the project management team is looking for establishing the asset management information system. The feasibility of this project is good in terms of planning and availability of resources to meet the quality objectives. The project manager has plan for manage risks of project by developing communication level among the team members. The clear goals and distribution of work is strength of this project which will help to encourage the success of developing and implementing asset management information system (Guo and et al., 2014).  Moreover, project team needs to collect the feedback from the staff about issues to develop plan that increase the simplicity in project delivery.

Project B: Risks and Sustainability

Project B:

The feasibility of this project is low as major risks in the project are related to cost and schedules which have direct impact on the quality and outcome of the project. The development of facility remote area for organization to develop a proper engineering interface to develop the products and services is requires the involvement of stakeholders to achieve the goals. Moreover, the cost of human resources for development and implementation of project is high that could affect the approach of integration (Lock, 2017). The major concern of project manager would be on minimizing the gap between charter and project purpose. Now, to increase the feasibility of this project the management needs to develop plan for financial planning and procurement.

Project C:

The design and implementation of engineering project for increase the infrastructure of organization, the project cost and time is feasible for this project. The project team is processing with quality approach to meet the specification of this project and gaining the support from the stakeholder. The current progress of this project is positive as development team has achieved objectives in proposed manner. However, there are some risks that need to be encounter by the project team to improve the success rate that involve environmental, governing and operational risks (Webb, 2017). The disagreement of client and additional cost of the activities might affect the process. For that, management needs to forecast the conditions and cost of the raw material.   

The assessment of projects can be done by using different tools like weight scoring model and ranking. The project team will make concern over strategic goals and direction of organization to improve the feasibility of projects. The cost and time for managing project deliverables will be analyzed according to conditions of internal and external environments to find issues and analysis of possible changes. In addition to this, to increase the acceptance of these projects, the planning team will collect and evaluate the feedback from the board of directors and staff members of organization (Brones and et al., 2014). This kind of approach will help to make changes in the project deliverables and services areas to improve the acceptance. Moreover, the strategic compliance of projects with organizational goals can be increased by                       

These projects have less complexity level but lacks in the proper management of human resources and stakeholder management. The key factors integrated with projects are scope planning, scheduling and implementation. The project team is concern about cost, environmental and legal issues that could affect the process of implementing project that will support to encourage the feasibility of project and alignment with strategic objectives of selected organization. In order to meet the outcome for this project, the manager will requires the support from the key stakeholders like project team, staff members and supplier of services. The proper management of human and technical resources will also help to increase the feasibility and achievement of perspectives of applied programmes (Heagney, 2016). The sustainability of projects and outcome majorly depends on clarity of scope and allocation resources by having positive relation with the suppliers. This kind of approach will help to increase the feasibility of projects and minimization of risks.

Project C: Objectives and Stakeholders

This paper will provide information about issues and changes that are having direct and in direct impact on the project management activities of organization. The issues that project manager are facing during execution and delivery of projects and how it will influence the whole process. Moreover, skills and areas of expertise for project manager will also analyze. 

The current essay will provide information about opinion for managers regarding issues in the engineering project in next 20 years. It will explain issues and their impact on process of organization. The major issues that identified through analysis will be discussed for further improvement in the project management activities. Moreover, the essay will explain impact of issues on engineering project execution and delivery. It will also discuss about additional knowledge and skills that a manager is required for effective management of an engineering project considering the issues and challenges.

 For this project of asset management information system the manager is working hard to maintain the sustainability and improve the compliance with the strategic direction of organization. In upcoming time the project manager will face issues for engineering project will involve prioritization of requirements for managing the information and maintain the value to customer by dividing the project delivery into small functional increments. Continues improvement in the technology is having significant impact on the decision making activities of project manager to apply a specific technology and deliver the customized project (Kaiser and et al., 2015). The specific functions that need to consider for upcoming time for asset management information system involve analysis of design, build and testing of the features of the engineering project. For example, the design and testing of information system will be done through software and the changes in the level of monitoring could affect the approach of manager to analyze the accuracy.   

Project B:

The project management activities for a lean production project will involve the issues regarding lack of time and cost management to develop the holistic integration of an engineering project. The future trends for expanding engineering discipline for organization involve specific components to deliver standard outcome and meet the objectives of clients. According to analysis, the project manager will face issues regarding the proper determination of exchange rate, costing and scheduling of the tasks to maintain the quality. The development of remote facility area is having significant impact of technical tool which will increase the complexity level in planning of activities (Stark, 2015). For example, the frequent changes in the scope and planning function of engineering discipline will affect the decision making for project manager. In addition to this, the cost of human resources is also increasing that will influence the results of delivering the project. The upcoming time will be highly unstable in financial term and have the negative impact on the delivery time of the project.

Project C: Risks and Sustainability

Project C:

Design and implementation of infrastructure for managing the engineering activities the consideration of future trends is essential for project manager. The upcoming issues in this project will involve the consideration of stakeholders, environmental condition and compliance with the rules and regulation. The cost of human resources and acceptance of changes will be lower in future that causes the issues for project manager to maintain the consistency in work. For example, the cost of human resources is increasing and identification of skilled labor is difficult for the project manager. In order to maintain the development and implementation function will be become difficult for project manager.  The use of technical tools and changes in environmental conditions will affect the organizational process and influence the process of working (Nicholas, and Steyn, 2017).  Moreover, the extended network for supply chain management and lean vision of organization will also affect the design and implantation process for infrastructure.  

Impact of changes on execution

 Project A

In order to manage the issues and maintain the smooth flow for completing and implementing the project of asset management information system the project manager needs to make changes in the plan. To overcome the gap in communication for this particular project, manager needs to take control over the requirements and consider the objectives of the stakeholders which will support to execute the project more effective manner and achieve the proposed goals and objectives. The major issues of this project involve scheduling of the tasks due to changes in the request made by the stakeholders (Zhang and et al., 2018). This kind of approach might affect the client trust and delivery of project with standard quality. For example, use of agile project management approach will help the manager in execution of task with proper quality and standards. By using this approach the manager will divide the project in small phases and try to execute the changes to overcome the risks and meet the objectives.

Project B

The particular project is having issues like management of budget and consideration of deadline. The project manager is also facing issues related to cost of labor, procurement and changes in the environmental conditions that affecting the implementation of project. The delay in project activities like procurement and management of human resources is having significant impact on the achievement of objectives that could affect the quality that required for maintaining the flow in the operational activities (Meng and Boyd, 2017). For example, delay in the project will lead the project team to experience the high penalty and failure in the engineering discipline of organization. However, the feasibility of this project is good as manager needs to apply the lean project management technique that could support in proper management of time and cost for each activity and overcome the gap due to changes. There is need of planning for managing supply and utilization of raw material considering the Just-in-Time process. The manager will conduct market research for human resources and negotiate for the cost to meet the specification.

Project C

The changes and issues that project team is facing in this project involve lack of stakeholder management, additional cost and skilled labor for managing the activities. The project team is not analyzing alternative strategy and techniques for developing the design and implementation of project by involving the needs of the stakeholders. The delay in project will lead to lose the clients which will influence the achievement of strategic goals of the organization. The engineering project must compile with environmental and financial changes to execute the plan to meet the delivery objectives (Martinelli, and Milosevic, 2016). For this project, the manager is using traditional approach for project management which affecting the design and implementation of technical project. These issues will affect the execution and delivery of this project. As per the analysis, the major issue with this project is lack of stakeholder management that might increase the risk of improvement in cost and delay in the delivery of project.  The use of stakeholder communication matrix will be useful for manager to execute the plan and meet the objectives. The surrounding and environmental changes are also having direct impact on implementation of project design for selected engineering organization to maintain the success run and meet the objectives. The contracting terms are also needs to define before execution of plan to meet the specification and achievement of objectives (Davis, 2014).

To develop, manage and execute the projects considering the requirements and activities of selected organization, the role of project manager is important. The project manager must be knowledgeable and skilled to anticipate the changes and execute the plan that reduces the impact of changes and issues. The project manager has skills of maintaining communication, scheduling of tasks, identification and management of risk and cost. The proper communication and scheduling of tasks is beneficial for organization and project team to analyze and determine the operations that are essential for meeting the objectives. Every project manager knows about scheduling of tasks according to requirements and goals that proposed by the organization (Ko and Kirsch, 2017). There are many tools that are used for scheduling of task that involve Gantt chart and network diagram which provide a visual of schedule with tasks duration, dependency and milestones. The risk and cost management knowledge and skills of a manager plays critical role in success of a project. For example, if the project manager is lacking in identification and planning of the risk elimination skills than the project lifecycle might get affected. In large project like engineering unanticipated risks arise and affect the overall activities of project. Moreover, cost management and planning of budget is one of the major skills for project manager that improve the effectiveness and efficiency of project. There are certain financial issues that could affect the planning of project activities and influence the whole process (Bredillet and et al., 2015).

Now, the additional knowledge and skills that a manager requires for managing project involve critical thinking, quality management, forecasting and time management. The knowledge about these areas of project management function will help to encourage the quality of project manager to analyze the issues and maintain the communication with stakeholders to meet the supply chain objectives and manage the issues that affecting the project management process. The skill of critical thinking will help manager to increase the understanding about future changes and factors that might affect the ob going process of delivering the project (Medina, and Medina, 2014). For example, uses of autopilot process for managing the project management functions hinder the opportunities of exploring the new ideas and approaches to meet the objectives. Hence, the skills of critical thinking will be beneficial for project manager and project event to analyze the issues and develop the prior plan that could help in execution of plan and implementation of changes. In addition to this, forecasting and anticipation of changes is essential for project manager to analyze the issues and potential changes to improve the feasibility of project and achievement of goals. Forecasting and planning of the operations are major skills for a project manager to manage the tasks and manage the time (Taylor, 2016). The process that takes time for execution and requires analysis of features and standards that could increase the capabilities of project is helpful for achievement of objectives. Additionally, the time management skill of project manager is essential to improve the delivery time and execution of operations in given time frame. The proper estimation of time will help to determine the resources and overcome the issues of improvement in the cost.

Conclusion                       

From the study, it can be considered that issues and changes that analyzed for each project are having significant impact on success and operational activities. The essay has discussed about specific issues for each project and role of project manager to execute and deliver the project according to required standards focusing on the quality. Moreover, the essay has provided brief information about additional knowledge and skills that required for project manager to meet the specification of plan and maintain the uninterrupted progress of each project.    

Table 1: Milestone table

Task Name	Duration	Start	Finish	Predecessors
Project	8 wks	Fri 18-05-18	Thu 12-07-18
Requirement analysis	1 wk	Fri 18-05-18	Thu 24-05-18
Identification method	1 wk	Fri 25-05-18	Thu 31-05-18	2
Selection method	1 wk	Fri 01-06-18	Thu 07-06-18	2,3
Planning of activities	1 wk	Fri 25-05-18	Thu 31-05-18	2
Budget	1 wk	Fri 08-06-18	Thu 14-06-18	3,4
Implementation	1 wk	Fri 15-06-18	Thu 21-06-18	5,6
Monitoring	1 wk	Fri 22-06-18	Thu 28-06-18	7
Changes	1 wk	Fri 29-06-18	Thu 05-07-18	8
Closing	1 wk	Fri 06-07-18	Thu 12-07-18	8,9

The major activities for this project for selected organization will involve requirements analysis, identification of methods, selection of method, planning of the resources, budget planning and allocation and implementation. The project manager will monitor activities and operations according to proposed manner to identify the effectiveness of asset management, development of remote area and implementation of design and infrastructure. After monitoring the manager will identify the changes and apply new functions to meet the specification. If the owner and organization will be satisfied with function and project meet their objective than the project team will close the project. The duration of this project is 8 weeks to complete it with specification.       

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