McDonalds: A Global Food Chain Serving Millions Daily, Essay.

Overview of McDonalds and Its Products

Question:

Describe about the Financial Statement Analysis of McDonalds?

Introduction

McDonalds is one of the largest food chain in worldwide. McDonalds is serving more than 72 million customers every day. Company has branches in more than 120 nations.  McDonalds operated in franchisee form of business.  In 2013, company able to garnered more than 28 billion as per its annual report. Company is known as the world second largest employer company  just behind the Wal-Mart.  Some of the major products and services sold by the company is burgers, fries and soft drinks (Carlson Fisher & Giammarino, 2008). Company is been opened by Richard and Maurice McDonalds brothers in 1940. McDonalds is only company which branches more than 120 nations where more than 6o billion employers works. Company is known for the strong capital structure and strong market hold in the capital market. McDonalds is one of blue chip Company which is holds strong market in the market.

Working capital ratio = current asset – current liabilities

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
Working capital ratio Current asset- current liabilities	5050.1-3170 =1880	4992.1-3403.1 =1589

 

Working capital ratio of McDonalds shows that, company is performing exceptionally well as the company has higher working capital ratio. Company working capital cycle is been very much able to generate cash from their operation adequately (Woelfel, 2009). This is because company has been able to reduce its working capital cycle by giving the discount to its franchisee client which  helps the company to generate the large income.

Although company working capital cycle is very much strong but the actual cash inflow and outflow cannot only be  only be assumed  with the current formula. Working capital cycle can be strong but the trade payables and trade receivables of the company is very much poor in compare to previous year (www.aboutmcdonalds.com, 2015).  IN FY 12 the company has working capital worth of 1589 million but in the FY 2104 it is higher. This is because of  the implementations of  E-procurement and JIT implementation within the supply chain of the McDonalds.   

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
Liquidity ratio Current asset/current liability	5050.1/3170 =1.5	4992.1/3403.1 =1.46

Current ratio of the company shows that, company actual current ratio performance. Current ratio of the company suggests that, it has strong positions than previous year. But the production of the company is higher than before as because of the JIT which has been installed din the year 2009. Initially company was using the  assembly line production  in its operations which why the current ratio in 1990-2006 was  below 0.55 (News.mcdonalds.com, 2015).

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
Quick ratio Current asset- inventory/ current liability	5050.1-123.7/ 3170 =1.55	4992.1- 121.7/3403.1 =1.43

Quick ratio generally shows how well company will be able to meet its short term obligations.  This ratio is also known as the acid test ratio.  The quick ratio depicts actual current asset – inventory of McDonalds and figures out whether company has sufficient cash to meet its short term obligations or not as because the inventory are generally is closing stock (Woelfel, 2009).  Quick ratio of the McDonald In FY 12 is 1.43 in compare to the FY 13 the ratio is higher. This is because the reason in FY 12 company has higher amount of inventory that helps the company to gain  right kind of exposure (Graham et al. 2014).

Working Capital Ratio of McDonalds

In recent times company  has able to maintain the balanced score card which  help the company to assess the actual performance of technology and manpower. However,  the result is been favourable (News.mcdonalds.com, 2015).

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
Debt to equity ratio Debt/equity	14129.8/ 16009.7 =0.88	13632.5/15,293.9 =0.89

Debt equity ratios of the company suggest that, company has majorly dependent on the debt than equity. As the company  has  acquire more than 52% of shares with itself in order to maintain the decision making. Therefore it can be said that, company is basically a capital intensive rather than labour intensive (www.aboutmcdonalds.com, 2015) . Most of all   debt equity ratio of the company shows that company has increased its  long term debt by  14129 in FY 2013 as in compare to FY 12 it was  13632.5. This shows that, company is higher dependent on the debt than equity. Although it is very much risky form of decision making because the company has to pay the  high interest rates irrespective of the company performance (Sondi & White, 2014).    

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
Debt ratio Total liabilities/total asset	17446.6/36626.3 0.47	20092.9/35386.5 =0.56

 

The total debt equity ratio of the company suggests that company is mostly dependent upon the debt ratio. The debt ratio of McDonalds is very much shows that the total debt in FY 13 is higher than FY 12. This is because company has long term liabilities worth of 14129  and accrued interest worth of 221.6 million. This has increased the debt ratio of McDonalds which is very much riskier for the company in future (News.mcdonalds.com, 2015).  Although McDonalds has strongly built their goodwill based on its innovations and creativity while manufacturing its products. but since the 21^st century , company is facing tough competition from the rivals companies whose growth are being impeccable. The restaurants game has been changed so far as because of the fast-food companies are coming up with new ideas and variety in their platter to attract the customer base (Costales, 2010).

However, the rise in the debt ratio is because of the company has spend more than  5.7 million in FY 213 , for coming up with customized  burger pilot programme more than 2000 US restaurants chain.  This programme has cost the company dearly as company and most probably benefit for the business will be given in near future (News.mcdonalds.com, 2015).

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
Equity ratio Total equity /total asset	16009.7/36626.3 =0.43	15293.6/ 35386.5 =0.43

The total equity ratio of the company is very much consistent because of the as per the above given information’s.  Most of all in FY 13 Company is not been able to keep up their total asset higher in compare to FY 12 which was 1380 million (Stickney & Weil, 2009). Since the company has closed number of their sick units and higher debt ratio has lowered down the equity ratio of the company.

There has unanimous decision made by the board of the director and CEO of the company which is to reduce in the expansion of restaurants. Company has been facing tough to manage its 3^rd quarter results which is declining in compare to the competitors like Big Mac and KFC (Arthur, Cheng & Czernkowski, 2010). Apart from that, using higher debt ratio with 70% and equity of 30% is been one of the major reason for the failure to attract the investor to invest for long time in company as per the FT (Financial Times).

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
Inventory turnover ratio COGS/Inventory 365/turnover	19341.4/123.7 =156.35 365/156.35 2.33	27567/121.7 226.5 1.61

Liquidity Ratio of McDonalds

Inventory turnover ratio of the company suggests that, McDonalds is having higher sales in compare to FY 13.  As the company has come up with new and better ideas to formulate the recipe and keep attracting the customer. Although the new recipe like McEgg, Mcveggies and McCheese are been popular but company fails  decrease its inventory turnover ratio. As the standard format the lower the inventory turn ratio is the better chances of the   increase in sales.

The inventory of the company in FY 213 was 2 days  which initially in FY 12 was 1 and half day. This has  shows that , McDonalds has not been able to generate the  higher sales with their innovations in recipe. This is because of the recipe like McPo and McBE which are pork and beef  which are not usually sold in the Asian market (Berger,  Ofek &  Swary, 2012).  McDonalds has been very much able to generate the higher sales in UK and IS market as price of the Mc is been one of the major issues which is been increasing (News.mcdonalds.com, 2015).  Another major reason for reduction in the inventory turnover of the McDonalds is their logistics which was initially poor and problems of leakages are higher.

Therefore, in FY 13 December, company has come up with   new ideas of selling of grilled chicken to reduce the ingredients. It is one of the major part of cost reduction programme by the company which will available for more than 14300 stores in US by end of the next week as per the NEW York Ap.  The FY 13 sales of the company is being higher in compare to the  previous week which is why  the inventory turnover days are higher (Berry, 2009).

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
Accounts receivable ratio (Net sales/ average accounts receivable)/365	18874.2/ 659.9 28.60 12 days	18602.5/687.65 27 13. days

An account receivable days of the company is higher because of their gap in the accounts payables. Since, the company has higher accounts receivable ration in FY 13 with 13 days  because of  the franchisee payment  or royalty  credit note is been increasing (Brigham & Houston, 2009).  There has been large gap in the accounts receivable and accounts payables ratio. The creditors specifically franchisee holder are disappointed  from their payments (www.aboutmcdonalds.com, 2015).

The rise in the accounts payables which is 1086 in FY 13, this is because sales of the most of the franchisee business in EU and Asian market has dipped down because of the competitors like Chinese food , pizza and other burger companies (Campbell & Shiller, 2013).

Accounts receivable of the company is going to improve  by FY 15 because of the company is offering the large amount of discount to existing franchisee holder of early payments.  

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
Total asset turnover Sales/total asset	28105.7/ 36626.3 0.76	27567/ 35386.5 0.77

 
The total asset of the turnover of the company represents the efficiency of the ratio that help to analyse the company capability to generate the sales from its existing total asset. The asset turnover ratio of the McDonalds is 0.76 in FY 13 in compare to the FY 12 which is showing higher. This is because McDonalds has closed more than 68 restaurants of their chain in US because of lower productivity and sales (Hashemi,  2013).  In France, more than 2100 employees of restaurant went for strike and lock out because of the hiring and firing process of the McDonalds.

Quick Ratio of McDonalds

The existing manpower of the company are highly skilled by closing the sick unit there will be rise in the unemployment in US. Most of all company is been using its existing asset to change it sales because company already has invested more than 221 million in centralizing its operation by E-procurement and E-logistics (www.aboutmcdonalds.com, 2015).

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
GP margin Gross profit/ Net sales	8764.3/5585.9 1.56	8604.6/5464.8 1.57

 
The Gross profit margin of the country is higher in FY 12 with 1.57 in compare to FY 13 which was 1.56. The gross profit of the company suggest that, company has higher cost of the goods sol which is why company operating profit for FY 12 was lower by  379 million. In FY 13 the operating cost of the company is  19341.4 (Hashemi,  2013).  because of the good and per price is 6361.3 and employee payroll is increased by 4824 million as per its annual report.

The gross profit margin has been reduced in FY 13 because of the rise in the raw materials like bread, meat, paper, soft drinks and payroll.  The major increase in the ware material has been one of the major reasons for decrease in the GP margin (Brigham & Houston, 2009).

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
ROA Net income /total asset	5585.9/36626.3 0.15	5464.8/ 35386.5 0.15

 
ROA (return on asset) of the company shows that company performance is very much same in FY 12 and FY 13.  One of the major reason for the failure of the growth  of ROA in FY 13 is lower because of the franchisee sales of the company is  not been able to generate large income because of the total asset of the company is  lower in FY 134 (Campbell & Shiller, 2013). As the company has sold most of its sick units in Orlando, Mississippi and Seattle to reduce the cost of goods sold of the company.  

In FY 12 company has decent RPA as the company has invested most in digital marketing which is apps and ICT to connect with their global customers. By giving them discounts coupon and the various other offers to attract the customer worldwide (www.aboutmcdonalds.com, 2015).   

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
EPS Net income/Number of shares outstanding	5585.9/998.4 5.6	5464.8/1010.1 5.4

EPS of the company is very much stable as because investor has strong faith in the company future growth which is why company has able to generate the higher profit. While assessing the  EPS of the company , net income and number of share outstanding is taken in considerations.

date	close	volume	open	high	low
1/13/2014	94.83	5753201	95.83	95.83	94.59
1/10/2014	95.8	5512233	95.83	96.22	95.64
1/8/2014	95.41	7653903	95.55	95.71	95
1/7/2014	96.38	4881787	96.38	97.08	96.13
2/14/2012	99.55	3520703	99.51	99.64	98.95
2/13/2012	99.65	2965636	99.72	99.9198	99.28
2/10/2012	99.47	3871018	99.52	99.66	98.94
2/9/2012	99.99	3599302	100.06	100.46	99.7
1/31/2012	99.05	6563026	99.04	99.26	98.25
1/30/2012	98.69	6075981	98.04	98.81	97.7
12/27/2011	100.55	3032607	100.17	100.82	100
4/6/2010	67.81	3318247	67.77	67.96	67.65
4/5/2010	68.03	4875149	67.76	68.2	67.76
4/1/2010	67.58	5473763	67.06	67.71	67.06

EPS of the McDonalds shows that there has severe growth in the recent times but company fails to improve its current EPS because of the rise in competition in market . As the company growth has been decreased by 4.7% every year because of the rise in competition in the market has been one of the major reasons (Hashemi,  2013).  Although the price of the share is been increased but the growth is too much fluctuated as per the FY 12, FY 13 and FY 14.

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
PE ratio Price per share/ EPS	5.59/ 5.6 =0.09	5.41/5.4 0.10

PE ratio of the company is showing slow growth in the PE ratio. Price earnings ratio depicts how much an investor is willing to pay for purchasing the shares of the company. Since then, growth of PE ratio is very much lower in FY 13 and is  poor because of the slower growth  of the company.

Debt to Equity Ratio of McDonalds

Apart from that, too much of complaints and too much  legal notice on the company  has hamper its goodwill which is why company has poor PE ratio (Arthur, Cheng & Czernkowski, 2010). Too much of fluctuation in share price shows that company needs to improve its existing strategy like  higher debt and  reduce the amount if COGS would attract the new customer base towards the company in FY 13.

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
Dividend payout ratio  dividend per share/EPS	3.12/5.6 0.55	2.87/5.4 0.53

Dividend payout ratio of the company is very much higher in FY 13 in compare to FY 12.  With rise in the DP ratio, company will be able to generate the large customer base.  The dividend payout ratio of the company is poor and is not been able to generate higher growth which is because of rise in the DP to the investors (Arthur, Cheng & Czernkowski, 2010). As the rise in the DP Shows Company has to pay higher amount of DP which is why company profit of share is bee decreased by 3.5%. Rise in the DP has attracted the fundamental investor to invest in the company but it has also affected the company net come severly in FY 13 and FY 13.

ROCE

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
ROCE EBIT /capital employed	8204.5/33456.3 0.24	8604.6/ 31983.4 0.26

ROCE of the company is very much higher in FY 13  with 0.24.  One of the major reason for the failure of the ROCE is  in FY 13 because of the company has investment in various types of programmes like Digital marketing and flagship model of operation has been yet to give the profit. the flagship and model and 24 storey inventory system is been one of the major investment area dine by the company  to increase its profit in the long run (Sondi & White, 2014).

However, In FY 12 company has able to generate decent amount of the ROCE because of the innovations  in recipes and the various types of offers which is old school but were very much effective.

ROE

Ratios of McDonalds	2013	2012
ROE Net income /average share holder equity	5585.9/ 8004.8 0.69	5464.8/ 7646.8 0.71

ROE of the McDonalds is very much higher and able to generate large customer base in FY 12 because of the strategy like offering a equity as divined rather than cash dividend.  ROE (Return on equity) of the company is very subtle in 212 with such strategy. However, one of the major long term effect of the equity as dividend is show in the FY 2013.

This equity dividend has decrease the price of shares in the market simultaneously because of the too much shares and too few buyers. One of the major problems for the McDonalds for right now is that the company is sales are falling all of the three major areas EU because of the rise in the inflations, Asia because of the hala meat and other scandals and In US because of the severe competition (Costales, 2010).  

From the above , analysis, liquidity ratio of the McDonalds is very much shows that , company has ideal liquidity position with 1.5.  Apart from that company has taken any kind of short term loan to manage and control its short term obligations. This shows that, company is able to accounts receivables and accounts payables is balanced. Whereas when it comes to profitability ration , company is  growth rate is decreasing which is because of increases rate of raw materials and huge competition of rivals like subway and KFC.

Equity Ratio of McDonalds

Lastly, fixed asset turnover of McDonalds is 1.19 which shows that, company has enough ability to generate the high net sales  from the existing fixed resources. Apart from company has opened new restaurants and has enough manpower to manage its  food chain. PE ratio of the company is showing 17.7p this is because company is not able to perform well because of the higher rivals firms like Subway and KFC are slowly coming with the innovative ideas to attract the customers.

From the above , it has been found that,  the  McDonalds is very much in trouble because of rising the long term loan and increasing the competition in market. Apart from that, if conversion cycle shows larger result then it will not be a healthier cycle for McDonalds and on the other side if the conversion cycle shows smaller result then the company will receive payment in quick time. Moreover, cash conversion cycle will help McDonalds in measuring how efficiently and quickly they can pull out cash from operation. Further, conversion cycle will let McDonalds know when they can be able to pay to their suppliers. Thus, the study has help in better understanding the gap between account receivables and account payable.

Reduce the working capital cycle phases: the working cpital cycle of the company shows that, company is not able to perform well in terms of its balancing the accounts receivable and accounts payables.

Use of Equity financing: Company is using less of equity and more of debt which is  increasing the risk  of liquidity in future. Apart from that, company should look to use the equity financing is much safer in terms of the high interest rate payments.  

Reference List

Books

Woelfel, C. (2009) Financial statement analysis. 4th ed. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall.

Graham, B. et al. 2014) Graham and Dodd's security analysis. 5th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Sondi, A. & White, G. (2014) The Analysis And Use Of Financial Statements, 3rd ed. London: Thomson.

Costales, S. B. (2010) The guide to understanding financial statements. 4^th ed. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Stickney, C. & Weil, R. (2009) Financial accounting: an introduction to concepts, methods, and uses. 5^th ed. London: Routledge.

Journals

Arthur, N., Cheng, M. & Czernkowski, R. (2010) "Cash flow disaggregation and the prediction of future earnings". Accounting & Finance, 50, pp. 1–30.

Berger, P., Ofek, E. & Swary, I. (2012) "Investor valuation of the abandonment option", Journal of Financial Economics, 42, pp. 257–287

Berry, A., (2009). Financial Accounting: an introduction. 4^th ed. California: Random House.

Brigham, E., & Houston, J., (2009) Fundamentals of Financial Management. 5^th ed. London: McGraw-Hill

Campbell, J. & Shiller, R. (2013) The dividend-price ratio and expectations of future dividends and discount factors. Review of Financial Studies 1, 195–228.

Hashemi,  S. A. (2013) Analyze the relationship  between operating cash flows and accruals, operating cash flow forecasting model, according and Auditing Review, 38, 1-24.

Websites

www.aboutmcdonalds.com/content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/Investors/McDs2013AnnualReport.pdf,. (2015). McDonald Annual report 2013. Retrieved 2 April 2015, from https://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/Investors/McDs2013AnnualReport.pdf

News.mcdonalds.com,. (2015). McDonalds - McDonald’s – Official Global Corporate Website. Retrieved 2 April 2015, from https://news.mcdonalds.com/Corporate/Press-Releases/Financial-Release?xmlreleaseid=123057.