IPC102 Introduction to Professional Cookery-Theory

Questions

Part 1 Research Questions

1. Research and summarize what considerations should be included when creating a dessert menu for a restaurant or commercial catering organisation.

2. Evaluate and distinguish at length why it is important to use standard recipe cards when producing a variety of desserts, cakes, breads and pastries.

3. Explain what environmental factors you must consider when storing ingredients for and displaying desserts, cakes, pastries and breads; to ensure food safety and optimise .

shelf life

4. Explain how flour should be stored to ensure optimum freshness?

5. Select and appraise a number of points to consider when assessing the quality of fruit used for garnishing desserts .

6. Explain in detail five (5) hygiene or food safety requirements relating to:

Preparing

Decorating

Handling and

Storing desserts.

7. Explain the following methods, and what they achieve in relation to the pastry section

a) Whisking

b) Folding

c) Piping

d) Spreading

e) Reducing

f) Kneading

8. Analyse what are some classic and modern fat free desserts that are low in kilojoule that could be served to clients with special diets? Why is necessary to have a range of different desserts available in relation to intolerances .

9. Recommend which soy products be used to replace some dairy products? Give examples.

10. Research classical specialist cakes, pastries and breads and the occasion they may be suited for.

Discuss the way that these occasions have influenced modern food trends

11. What are a number of accompaniments for desserts that can enhance taste and texture, explain how new technology and equipment has affected the way we garnish modern desserts?

12. Evaluate what thickening agents are commonly used in sweet sauces, which are best for certain products and why they are used.

13. Explain the term proofing , how is this related to yeast? Discuss the 2 different types of yeast and the best ways to use both in relation to bread making

14. Point out some factors which influence gluten development in pastry making

15. Why can’t we serve cakes, pastries, desserts and breads on chipped crockery?

16. Explain why is it important to rest pastry before rolling or moulding it?

17. Explain why some pastry recipes require an initial hotter temperature in the oven (E.g. 220 degrees Celsius) before reducing the temperature.

Part 2 – Cookery Methods

Instructions: Using the table below describe the following cooking methods, and provide two (2) examples of suitable desserts you could cook using each method.

Cookery methods	Describe	Dessert 1	Dessert 2
Baking
Chilling
Flambe
Poaching
Stewing
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Part 3 – Chocolate

Instructions: Research and identify four (4) different types of chocolate that are available on the market.

Types of chocolate	Main uses	Menu example




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Part 4 – Sugar

Instructions: Research and identify six (6) sugars that are used in pastry/dessert making, give a brief description of each, and provide one example of a suitable menu item.

Name of Sugar	Description	Usage	Menu item example






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Part 5 – Cakes, Pastries and Breads

Instructions: Research all cakes, breads and pastries below and complete areas.

Type of Cake. Pastry or Bread	Appearance – colour, consistency, taste, shape, texture	Nutritional value	History
Meringue
Genoise Sponge
Fruit Cake
Swiss Roll
Gateaux St Honore
Linzer Torte
Cherry Strudel

Type of Cake. Pastry or Bread	Appearance – colour, consistency, taste, shape, texture	Nutritional value	History
Croissant
Baguette
Bath Buns
Matzo
Chapati
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Part 6 Sweet Pastry Faults

Instructions: Research and identify four (4) areas where short/sweet pastry has faults, explain the reason the faults occur.

Type of fault	Reason




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Part 7 – Desserts

Instructions: Research and identify the desserts below and give a description, menu item and key points when producing

Dessert	Description	Suitable menu item with filling and garnish	2 Key points when producing
Bavarois
Flan
Fritter
Sorbet
Souffle
Parfait
Crème Caramel
Sabayon

Dessert	Description	Suitable menu item with filling and garnish	2 Key points when producing
Crepes suzette
Crème Chantilly
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Answer:

Part 1 Research Questions

1. While summarizing what should be included when creating the dessert menu the list can be explained as dessert list should be less with maximum three flavours, options should be both hot and cold; seasoning can be attractive for some. Traditional sweets gets into the heart of the buyer

2 Standard recipes will provide consistency and eventually it will increase the customer satisfaction. It provides the consistent quality and the products when each time of equipment and ingredients are used.

3. While storing ingredience for desserts, cakes one should consider cold environment as the food self-life can be stabilize by the cold environment and scientifically it is proven that microbes are less of the concern while keeping in the cold temperature (Sims, 2016).

4. Flour should be stored in an airtight jar or container because flour can absorb moisture from the surrounding. It should be stored at room temperature. High temperature can ruin the flavour of the flour. This should be done to keep the flour fresh.

5. While garnishing any food items the quality testing of the items are very important, the garnishing item should be edible and natural and fresh. All the ingredient should derived from natural ingredient and stored in well balanced place.

6. Preparing- Raw and ready to eat food should remain separated otherwise it will be contaminated. While decorating the food- artificial food or the artificial garnishing should be avoided. While handling the food- the cook should use hand gloves or wear proper apron or clothing. And while storing desserts- the temperature should be checked at first. The temperature should be monitored at regular interval of time

Research the main intolerances that are common in today’s society and the impact not adhering to the standard guidelines about declaring all relevant information to customers can have on a business

The food guideline law evaluate the main problem arises when the food intolerance occurs. Many of the customers have different type of food allergies. It is the duty of the restaurant to declare all the food items used in any dishes. The customer can know what they are eating and raise objection if necessary (Capozzi et al., 2015).

7. a) Whisking is a process to blend the food mixture until it is smooth and in order to incorporate air into the food item (Joao & Spano, 2017).
b) Folding is done with rubber spatula to gently incorporate the food as it falls through the wires.
c) Using pipes it can be easy to decorate the cakes and pastry without any mixture.
d) Spreading is required to spread any garnishing items and add on on the food to enhance the taste.
e) Reducing is process to thickening the food items.
f) Kneading is a process to warms and stretching of bread flour to create elasticity.

9. Soymilk can be a healthy substitute to the dairy product.

10. There are variety of cakes and pastries are for different occasions. The examples of the cakes which are used for different purposes are birthday cakes, wedding cakes, Halloween cakes, cakes for the first communion and the Christmas cake.

With the innovation of these food it can cause changes in the food habit of the people. People uses cakes or pastries in every occasions. In order to celebrate a small happy moment the people uses cakes or pastries. Cakes or pastries also cause immense pleasure to the brain activity by secreting dopamine inside the brain. It can also cause energy to the body.

11. The accompaniments for dessert are Creame anglaise, Dessert syrup, custard, pastry cream.

12. The thickening agents that are used in the sweet sauces are egg yolk, arrowroot, roux, and starch. Egg yolk can be considered as best for thickening the products because the proteins present in the egg can denature and coagulate over a wide range of temperature.

13. Proofing can be defined as the final rise of the shape of the dough before baking. There are two type of yeast, one is fresh yeast which needs proofing and another is powder yeast which usually does not need proofing (Wong, 2016).

14. There are some factors which influences gluten development in pastry making. Type of flour, quantity of water, way of mixing the components and the presence of fats are the main factors that can affect the gluten formation

15. We can not serve cakes and pastries on achipped crockery as this can break the cakes into crumbles, smooth surface is always preferable while serving cakes and pastries as they provide smooth base to the dessert (Shtilerman, Ragoza & Wall, 2017).

16. While making pasty it is important to rest the pastry because during resting the gluten relaxes and become elastic which makes the rolling easier and prevents the pastry from lessening.

17. It is preferable to put the the pastris on a higher temperature before reducing it as putting the temperature on high can reduce the hydration of the pastry and that can make the cake fluffy and crispy.

Part 2 – Cookery Methods

Instructions: Using the table below describe the following cooking methods, and provide two (2) examples of suitable desserts you could cook using each method.

Cookery methods	Describe	Dessert 1	Dessert 2
Baking	Baking is a method of cooking food that has a requirement of prolonged dry heat specially in the oven (Ooms et al., 2016).	Cake	Pastry
Chilling	Preserving the food in lower than 0 degree is known as Chilling (Deligny & Lucas, 2015)`	Creamy fruit tartlets	Lemon Angel food Dessert
Flambe	Flambe means to ignite the dessert items which have liquor added in it for dramatic effect.	Alaska dessert	Mango Flambe
Poaching	To ensure poaching dessert there are need of fruits. In boiling water syrup poaching is used (Turbin-Orger et al., 2016).	Pink pepper poached pears	Lynton tapps saffron poached peer
Stewing	Stewing is boiling the solid food items in water in order to provide gravy	Barbecued Fruit Dessert	Fresh Fruit Baked Cobbler
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Part 3 – Chocolate

Instructions: Research and identify four (4) different types of chocolate that are available on the market.

Types of chocolate	Main uses	Menu example
Milk chocolate	It contains fiber and lowers the blood pressure.	Milk chocolate Tart with the Pretzel
Dark chocolate	It is one of the best sources of antioxidant in the plants.	Matcha- chocolate chip cookies
White chocolate	It can be used as a source of calcium and also it contains high in saturated fat.	White chocolate cheesecake topped with cranberry reduction
Ruby chocolate	It can be used as a wide range of culinary uses.	Ruby chocolate strawberry and cream desert.
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Part 4 – Sugar

Instructions: Research and identify six (6) sugars that are used in pastry/dessert making, give a brief description of each, and provide one example of a suitable menu item.

Name of Sugar	Description	Usage	Menu item example
Fructose	found in fruits and honey.	Preserving	Pancakes
Galactose	found in milk and dairy products	Icing	cakes
Glucose	found in honey, fruits and vegetables.	Caster, Icing	Pastries and cakes
Lactose	found in milk, made from glucose and galactose.	Preserving	Sweet pickles
Maltose	found in barley.	Preserving	sweets
Sucrose	made up of glucose and fructose and found in plants.	Icing	Cakes and pastries
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Part 5 – Cakes, Pastries and Breads

Instructions: Research all cakes, breads and pastries below and complete areas.

Type of Cake. Pastry or Bread	Appearance – colour, consistency, taste, shape, texture	Nutritional value	History
Meringue	Colour is white. Whipping should be continued until egg white become white.Taste is much sweeter,It should be shinny, smooth and glossy	Calorie- 388.7, protein-4.7g and carbohydrate- 91.8 g	Meringue was invented in Swiss Village of Meiringen and it is improved by the Italian chef.
Genoise Sponge	white or yellow. the eggs using a base. It is leavened naturally with Sweet Tender texture	Calorie- 297 per 100 gm	It is originated in 19th century. It is named for the Italian port city of Genoa.
Fruit Cake	It can ranges from white, red to golden colour. Batter needs to be heavier in weight. Tastes like fruit. Featherlight structure or rough strcuture	324 calories per 100 gm	Fruitcakes were not common untilRomans began to mix pine nuts, raisins,
Swiss Roll	Purple, blue, balck and teal. Eggs and flour should be maintained. Jam can be used in large amount. Tastes like jam. Roll like structure and coarse	Sodium 150mg, carb-38g, Fibre- 1gm	Origin is still not cleared. Cake believed to originated in Europe
Gateaux St Honore	Brown, yellow, white It should be whipped well. Tastes like pastry Soft in the structure	Calories 419gm per 100 gm	Origin is in France. Invented in 1847
Linzer Torte	Yellow and brown It should be hard so that it donot fall apart. Taste like filled with jam.It has nutty texture and round in shape	57gm will give 200 calories.	It has Austrian origin named after then city of Linz
Cherry Strudel	Mixture of brown, white and yellow. Enough milk is needed for consistency . Tastes delicious with whipped cream and white cream.	Calorie 430 in 100 gm	The word came from Germany which means eddy or whirlpool. It originate from Hungary

Type of Cake. Pastry or Bread	Appearance – colour, consistency, taste, shape, texture	Nutritional value	History
Croissant	buttery, flaky	It has a high calorie as it contains saturated fat.	Crescent-shaped breads have been made since the Renaissance inn Australia.
Baguette	This bread is mainly made of basic lean dough.	It has high calories	It has high calories
Bath Buns	The Bath bun is a roll contains yeast dough with crushed sugar spread on top after baking.	Light, shaped bun, often fruited or highly sugared high calories bread.	Bath buns was first made from 1763.
Matzo	Matzo meal is made by finely grinding matzo crackers into a breadcrumb-like consistency It is made with flour and water.	Light, fresh, and totally addictive.	Matzo is an unleavened biscuit-type bread which is traditionally eaten at Passover Passover is a commemoration of the exodus from Egypt
Chapati	Chapati is an unleavened flatbread from the Indian Subcontinent	Highly nutritional values meal with carbohydrate.	The Indus valley is known to be one of the ancestral lands of cultivated wheat. Chapati is a form of roti or rotta.The carbonized wheat grains learned at the diggings at Mohenjo-daro are of a similar variety to an endemic species of wheat still to be found in India today.
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Part 6 Sweet Pastry Faults

Instructions: Research and identify four (4) areas where short/sweet pastry has faults, explain the reason the faults occur.

Type of fault	Reason
Tough pastry or Hard pastry	It can happen due to lack of moisture and too much heat production
Soft and crumbly pastry	It can occur due to excessive water and self-raising flour used instead or plain
Shrunk pastry	It can occur due to too much stretching of the dough.
Soggy pastry	This type of fault can occur if too much moist filling are incorporate in the cake.
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Part 7 – Desserts

Instructions: Research and identify the desserts below and give a description, menu item and key points when producing

Dessert	Description	Suitable menu item with filling and garnish	2 Key points when producing
Bavarois	Milk	Egg	Gelatin
Flan	Milk	Egg	Caramelized Sugar
Fritter	Milk	Egg	Apple
Sorbet	fruit	Sugar	Flavoring
Souffle	Egg	Vanilla	Flavor
Parfait	Egg	Cream	Sugar
Crème Caramel	Egg	Caramelized sugar	Milk
Sabayon	Egg	Sugar	Wine

Dessert	Description	Suitable menu item with filling and garnish	2 Key points when producing
Crepes suzette	beurre Suzette	Crêpes	Powder sugar
Crème Chantilly	Whipped Cream	Powder sugar	Vanilla
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References:

Capozzi, V., Garofalo, C., Chiriatti, M. A., Grieco, F., & Spano, G. (2015). Microbial terroir and food innovation: the case of yeast biodiversity in wine. Microbiological research, 181, 75-83.

Deligny, C., & Lucas, T. (2015). Effect of the number of fat layers on expansion of Danish pastry during proving and baking. Journal of Food Engineering, 158, 113-120.

Joao, R. A., & Spano, M. A. (2017). U.S. Patent No. 9,668,304. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Ooms, N., Pareyt, B., Brijs, K., & Delcour, J. A. (2016). Ingredient functionality in multilayered dough-margarine systems and the resultant pastry products: A review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 56(13), 2101-2114.

Santi, F. (2015). U.S. Patent No. 9,120,584. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Shtilerman, M., Ragoza, R. T., & Wall, R. (2017). U.S. Patent Application No. 15/615,145.

Sims, A. P. (2016, April). Regulation of glutamine metabolism in fungiwith particular reference to the food yeast Candida utilis. In Botany: Proceedings of the Fiftieth Anniversary Meeting of the Society for Experimental Biology (p. 247). Elsevier.

Turbin-Orger, A., Shehzad, A., Chaunier, L., Chiron, H., & Della Valle, G. (2016). Elongational properties and proofing behaviour of wheat flour dough. Journal of Food Engineering, 168, 129-136.

Wang, Y. C., Kao, K. P., & Chu, J. F. (2015). U.S. Patent Application No. 13/944,889.

Wong, S. W. (2016). U.S. Patent No. 9,345,364. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

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