The Impact Of Inadequate Clinical Handover With Other Nurses

The Importance of Proper Handover and Communication for Patient Safety

Prepare a report on Lack of confidence and knowledge in handover with other nurses.Highlights all the points given below:

The nature of the practical learning need – what did you do?

Critical analysis and reflection of your practical learning need – what did it consist of?

Outcome of the learning need – how did the learning relate to your work?

Does The Intricacy of The Topic Intimidate You?

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The role of proper handover and communication in patient safety cannot be denied which has been reported both by research scholars and World Health Organisation (WHO). Recent review’s from different developed country’s suggest handover issues still haunts patient safety costing health care department and common mass both cost and life (Hesselink et al, 2012). The competence, confidence and knowledge of handover differ from person to person which is reflected from uneven pattern of effects of poor handover in a particular region. Handover failure can be attributed to many factors, but the most common factors which lead to failure are poor communication between nurses or professional groups and poor handover practices in between nurses during shift changes. Current real time evidence based studies suggest, a multi-disciplinary approach is required in order to establish an effective handover strategy and continuation of care within different professionals in health care industry (Chabboyer, McMurray and Walis, 2010). An effective handover protocol must encompass information passing to patients, carers to ensure their participation in decision making process. The importance of interpersonal skills and communication in nursing handover is inevitable. These two skills have also been included in nursing curriculum outcome as per NMC code of conduct (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2011).

This essay writing help deals with a learning need which I have experienced during my clinical placement in context of handover and lack of knowledge and confidence both. The essay will be written as a first person as a reflective piece of an article. As per PREP guidelines, the essay is divided into three parts. The first part will deal with the practical learning need identified and its importance. The second part deals with its critical analysis. The third part deals with the correlation between identified practical learning need and my work. As per NMC professional code of conduct the reflective essay will keep the name of persons confidential. The scenario’s will be discussed in terms of pseudo names. In the present assignment I will be reflecting upon my first handover as a student nurse and loopholes identified as practical learning need. The reflective essay will be written as per Jhons reflective model. The rationale of using this reflective model is it motivates the practioner's to make use of cues from reflection of experience and utilising it for work improvement. The advantage of such a model is provides a platform to revisit your past action and reflect in order to learn from actions compared against established research based evidences. This type of reflective model will help in carrying out a formal assessment of student nurse.

Consequences of Poor Handover Practices

DESCRIPTION OF THE EXPERIENCE

During my final year, I was allocated to a clinical placement working in the elderly ward. I was working with my mentor under supervision, thus had to manage everything on my own with full responsibility and accountability for whatever I do. I was assigned to one patient, a 75 year old lady suffering from Alzheimer disease along with mobility difficulties. She was also undergoing treatment for diabetes. That day was overwhelming as I was having some issues constantly visiting the ward manager’s chamber. I was originally prepared for my shift however when it was time for handover I realised that I was deprived of time with only 15 minutes left of my shift. This led me to rush finishing my tasks for the day including: going through the bed chart, noting down date of birth, date of admission, age and measured viral status. My urgency to finish caused me to make mistakes such as not noting down the medications and interventions currently going on. Realising this mistake made me frustrated with myself. My colleagues helped me in making the handover and the ward head nurse helped in cross checking it to see whether anything has been missed or not. She pin-pointed certain points to be written as far as current symptoms are concerned. Although, the hand over was successful, it didn’t go under my full supervision. I felt bad at my inability to handle such situations. Although, the staff consoled me and understood the situation through which I was going through, but this can’t be granted at the cost of patient life.

FEELINGS /REFLECTION

The above incident I found as a practical need although looks common, but the chances of miss-communication and error is high. So I immediately started searching for nursing journals, and articles which suggest how to go for an effective handover.I collected all recent articles from Google database, MedLine, PubMed and CINHAL database. I categorised them as per my need. Post categorisation, I made notes of handover protocols recommended, skills required for handover and how to perform better in pressurised situation. As per the articles and journals, I noted down all those information which I need to share with my colleague who will be taking over charge from me. I also made some notes on exactly what to make her understand in which aspects.

Additionally, I feel that I don’t have enough confidence with qualified nurses in handovers. I was aware that I prevent myself from asking questions about the patient during the handover. This limits me to extend my knowledge and stop me from providing high quality care and therapeutic relationship towards the patients.Henderson, Cooke, Creedy and Walker (2012) suggest that by questioning practices I will encourage myself to explore evidence around different patient management strategies(O'Connell & Penney, 2001).

I feel that the management in the hospital is not well organized. I had to face issues while visiting the chamber of the ward manager. This took lot of time. I had no time to prepare the handover (Manias & Street, 2000). Although I was prepared for the handover, but ultimately I had no time to prepare the handover. I had to depend on my colleagues. The handover had to be prepared correctly (Sexton et al., 2004). I have to be focussed in my work. The medications and the interventions are the most important part for the recovery of a patient. If there is any kind of mistake in the intervention or medication then entire treatment will go wrong.

Establishing an Effective Handover Strategy

But slowly, I realised it is not bad to have a note get prepared prior to handover; at the same time it seemed to be time consuming. In an environment like health care sector being a nurse or a student nurse, I cannot afford much time for this. Also, I was getting heavily used to it which was in real making my progress very slow. So I decided to reduce the note to such points which are of utmost importance. According to the research, note taking during a verbal handover significantly improved the amount of information retained (Bhabra, Mackeith, Monteiro and Pothier, 2007).If the situation occurs where I miss information from the handover; I would go through patient folders and note down the information that I misheard. I took it as a lead, and once gave a handover without any note. I followed patient file as a guide. Although, I was very nervous due to the amount of accountability but it gave me an immense pleasure as well as confidence to go for my next handover without any note preparation. Also, my self-consciousness was bit low after that incident, but with such a practice it was improved a lot and my communication skills are also enhanced with my colleagues. No more I felt low in self-esteem, due to my inability.

The experience helped me to gain self confidence. I was able to fasten my process of writing the handover (Currie, 2002). This helped me to reduce the time to a considerable extent. It also helped me to gain information about the patient. Taking notes helped me to keep a track of the necessary information about the patient. I could reduce my mistakes to a considerable extent. The patient file provides detailed information about the patient. I could easily add new information about the patient in the hardcover. This helped be perform my job in a better way.

Nursing handover is defined as oral communication with the person who is taking charge in context of patient health status and interventions. Although, many scholars argue for a written context also, still the most accepted one is the oral communication. As communication is the key to successful caring relationship towards the patient and effective team work(CNO 2012). The central theme of any handover is the patient safety which has been supported constantly by scholars from years. The reflective model proposer Jhon has also defined handover as an aesthetic value added by a nurse by briefing colleague about patient health(Jhon, 2013). In my situation, I was going very theoretically rather I will rate myself as a classroom student. I was trying to remember in a mechanical way, about patient information as if it is in my course curriculum. I felt happy that my colleagues helped me to make that handover successful, at the same time I was feeling very embarrassed. Being a student nurse working at level 6, I was supposed to do it I rather guide others. I was thinking what others will be thinking about me, that I am incapable of handling such a small incident and what I will be doing in pressurized situation. It clearly indicated two things, firstly I was lacking the required knowledge for a successful handover secondly, I was deeply lacking in knowledge. Research suggests, when student nurse are placed in clinical situation they tend to face issues due to lack of practical knowledge and anxiety developed due to self-consciousness(Mellinclavage, 2011). I think this was the major reason of my failure. Research articles indicated observation can help in improving the handover skills(Gordon and Findley, 2011). Whatever knowledge I have accumulated with regard to handover, it was through observing my seniors and staff colleagues. But, currently the SBAR tool is made which has included different skills and requirements to make handover to be effectivefor students or qualified nurses as this will shape them to be eligible and ready for clinical placement. I was lacking in knowledge of handover which should not have occurred if I would have given proper attention towards my curriculum(Wilson, 2011). Although, research suggest there is a huge gap between theory and practical in context of nursing where students fail to implement theoretical knowledge in a practical situation. I assume this is one of the factors which also led to such an incident.

Need for a Multi-Disciplinary Approach

While searching internet database, I found OSSIE guidelines for clinical handover published by Australian Commission for Safety and Quality in healthcare (2010) (Manser and Foster, 2011). It was a wonderful guideline, which has not only explained how a handover process should be, but also has different sections on how handover guidelines developed based upon evidence based studies. I felt bad for not searching for this type of literature during my studies, which I think would have helped me to face such situation as this guideline provides direction on how to enhance handover by following a series of manageable acivities.

The strategy I followed has also been proposed by certain scholars and to my surprise, contemporary studies strongly recommend such handover practice. Research suggest written handover can act as helping guide for those nurses and other allied staffs who have been managed service and less knowledge about the settings(Welsh, Flanagan, Ebright, 2010). At the same time, it reduces the time of reporting. With this knowledge, I continued my job and continued handovers in my ward. I was happy, that my approach towards handover in a written format was not odd and research has shown its advantages too. The staff colleagues gave me good support and said they also have faced same issues during their student time. This gave me good amount of self-confidence that I can also attain such expertise only by improving my knowledge and implicating it in my routine practice.

With regard to personal learning experience, it was a valuable learning experience. As far as pre-registered student nurse is concerned they are not expected to know everything of a clinical situation. I am happy, that I have identified my practical need much ahead of my final placement as a registered nurse. If this incident would have occurred during my professional career, it would have affected me much from professional as well as personal point of view. I was strongly supported by colleagues, mentor and my friends also. This was another factor which helped me in overcoming fear, anxiety and developed my skills. Research shows support of senior staffs enhances the handover skills and only through their support the newly registered nurse can gain knowledge and perform better (Kerr et al, 2011). Another important factor which will help students like me to develop expected nursing skills is effective communication. Communicating with staff nurses with regard to your problems can help in solving those problems with ease(Jones and Burgeois, 2010). As I saw, regularly working with other staff nurse and asking doubts slowly reduced my dependency upon notes. Bi-directional communication has also been suggested as a tool for development of nursing skills(Drach and Shilman, 2015). The failure in carrying out a handover resulted in valuable feedback from my team and my staff nurses. Research suggests, when student nurses are given valuable feedback on their work in a positive way, the chances of error reduces. Feedback also helps student nurses to assess their knowledge and skills, improvise upon their loopholes and march towards perfection (Henderson et al, 2012). Similarly, during my handover I was so disturbed I have uttered patient name and age in a loud voice to my staff nurse, which I was not supposed to which breached patient confidentiality. This should have been done by bed side where I would have explained the same issue with much ease without disturbing others. From my experience, I learned to behave in a hospital. I had to speak in a polite tone. The patients suffer from anxiety in a diseased condition. Any kind of loud noise can adversely affect the patients. This physical ailment of the patients can increase. During a diseased condition, the self confidence of the patient is very low(Parsons, Fosbinder, Murray & Dwore, 1998).

Reflective Essay on Lack of Confidence and Knowledge in Handover

Thus any kind of remark which is not favourable for the patient can further reduce the confidence of the patients. I learnt this from my experience. I learnt that it is not favourable to speak about the details of the patients in front of everyone. This would violate the confidential information about the patient. My experience taught me to manage time effectively. Time management is an important aspect to be learnt by a nurse. I learnt from my experience that the handover contains the most important information about the patients. If I fail to put any kind of the information about the patient especially information about the medication and intervention then it can result in any kind of wrong treatment. I have to be very careful while preparing the handover. I learnt from my experience that a nurse has to be very patient towards the patients and colleagues. Many complexities might arise in the career of nursing. Thus patience is utmost important to overcome the complexities. Another thing which I learnt from my experience is that a nurse should have clear idea about the tasks to be performed. Any kind of doubt can result in wrong treatment. The nurse should not take any decisions based on assumptions. As assumptions can lead to big mistakes. The experience also taught me that a nurse must have a mental inventory of the environment in which she is working. This will help to reduce time as well as provide independence to the nurse in his work.

In over all, this was a great learning experience and important too. Nursing handovers are an important part of nursing and health care industry as it deals with patient safety. To have a good clinical handover skill, one need to understand the importance of handover as well as how handover process should be done. It is not feasible to perform effective handovers by theoretical knowledge. Together with practical knowledge, supports from senior staffs, and from administration of setting a good handover protocol can be developed which will help new comers.­

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