Analyzing Ethical Issues In Healthcare And Education Essay.

1. Identify the ethical issues that are raised by the events described in the chosen case study

2. Analyse the ethical issues in relation to the notions of human dignity, human rights, your professional codes of ethics/conduct, relevant professional policies/legislation, and the principles of health care ethics studied in this unit.

Equality

Children rights play a very important part they are passive objects of care and charity who are entitled to enjoyment of specific rights accordance with their needs. They are on a vigorous state of growth and more exposed to environment. Also, being the very innocent creature of this beautiful world from birth enjoy certain rights and have full right to endowed them. Being a child they have their full right of equal access to education regardless of the child’s gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, disability, parentage, sexual orientation or another status also they have priority based on government beneficiary budget decision affecting children and their best interest, a child with a disability should have effective access to education and health care to achieve their full potential (Bouffard, Berger & Armstrong, 2016). Child’s alliance improves the life of children by birth.

Based on the case study I am preparing my report on the following factor

Equality- The possibility of intensified surveillance of those individuals whose profiles are retained on forensic databases, as potential suspects, leads to the possibility of increased social exclusion of certain groups, such as young males and black ethnic minorities, who are disproportionately represented on the NDNAD (Karnik & Kanekar, 2016).  An important issue to be considered is whether this disproportionality is a reflection of police arrest, charge and cautioning processes, or other social or institutional factors, or whether it is a result of an inherent bias in the NDNAD (Karnik & Kanekar, 2016). Police powers to take and retain biological samples and the resulting DNA profiles may aggravate social tensions by discriminating against those who live in police ‘hot-spots’ or belong to groups more likely than others to be targeted by police (Bouffard, Berger & Armstrong, 2016).

Human rights- Rights such as privacy and equality were not entrenched in law in the United Kingdom until relatively recently. The classical British view, until at least the mid-20th Century, was that personal liberty is protected from arbitrary interference by the supremacy of Parliament and the rule of law (Reid, 2017). According to this view, the despotic government is prevented by the balance between the Executive, Parliament and an independent judiciary that carries out the will of the elected Parliament. The judge-made principles of private law, such as trespass to the person (e.g. taking a body sample without consent), were applied by the courts to the police and public authorities in the same way as they were applied to the human (Reid, 2017).

Human rights

Ethical issues in healthcare ; balancing care quality and efficiency; improving access to care; building and sustaining the healthcare workforce of the future; addressing end of life issues; allocating limited medications and donor organs.

The Malawi Human Rights Commission (MHRC), set up under Human Rights Act 1998, is mandated to investigate and help prosecute human rights violations and, where necessary, to use the courts as mechanisms for redress. Between 1999 and 2007, the MHRC received close to 91 human rights violation cases from the MoEST (Amaral & Cuthbertson, 2016). Of these, 57 were resolved by the Commission and the rest referred to courts and other channels, including school management committees or the parent-teacher associations. Although the MHRC faces challenges of funding, it is a critical partner to the MoEST in helping to realise every Malawian’s right to education. It would be advantageous to the government if the Commission were funded and started sufficiently to achieve its objectives (V. Doctor & Nkhana-Salimu, 2017). Malawi, home to 6.8 million children (51 percent of the total population), presents a number of opportunities and challenges for its youngest citizens and their families. The prospects for child survival have improved over the past few years: prudent economic management, stable macroeconomic conditions, and increasing agricultural production are helping to reduce poverty and hunger, and Malawi's, therefore; there are some ethical obligations at some level for instance; do well; avoid doing harm; respect patient autonomy; treat patient equitable (Bandawe, 2010).

Amos’s violation of rights and privilege were as however he is the student of the school he was refused to get medical emergency as the other kids because of which he lost his life but kids were on the medical part of the same. The school authority held liable for refusing him and violating his right to equality and hospital being liable for infringement of the right to get medical aid as others, therefore, Transparency in dealings will always help in litigation (Babad & Lubitch, 2011). As the medical fraternity is not used to detail record keeping, doubts do arise in the course of legal proceedings. Hospitals and doctors may be held negligent or otherwise based on the facts and circumstances even in the absence of conclusive evidence; discrimination between day scholar and hostel kids; right to equality; right to get medical treatment (Milanzi & Namacha, 2017).

Amos being the sufferer and many more other kids who died before of the same reason can avail and adapt some remedy and can cure their life being no more a victim although the parents can use these cures are as follows:

Ethical issues in healthcare

Avail the services of a good lawyer. The doctor and /or hospital are entitled to engage the services of a lawyer to represent them in the matter (Babad & Lubitch, 2011).

The timely filing of a written statement, affidavit, and all other documents as required. It is important to properly maintain case history, clinical records, affidavit of all the treating doctors, X-rays, laboratory test results, etc. which will be of immense help in supporting the doctor's claim (Milanzi & Namacha, 2017).

Special attention has to be given to bring in the expert evidence of a qualified and independent medical professional. It is advisable to file an affidavit of the expert as well. The corroborative medical literature on the subject should be submitted (DeWolf Bosek, 2009).

And also when it comes to talking about the dignity then the children also undergo the process of living hood with proper dignity so therein importance of human dignity is when children the right to be treated with dignity seems self-evident. When one’s integrity has not been damaged in childhood, who were protected and respected with honesty by their parents, will be both in their youth and in adulthood- intelligent, responsive highly sensitive (Hand, Robinson & Creel, 2013). They will take pleasure in life and will not feel any need to kill or even hurt others or themselves. They will not be able to do otherwise than respect and protect those weaker than themselves, including their children, because this is what they have learned from their own experience, and because it is this knowledge that has been known to them inside from the beginning (Hand, Robinson & Creel, 2013)

World  Health Organisation- As children on their growing age are more vulnerable to environment as they are very much exposed to sun during their childhood, significant to this person’s lifetime exposure comes at this age therefore children requires special protection so for WHO has been working to advance children’s enjoyment of  right to health. The convention on the rights of the child provides clear framework of their rights from child’s morality to their diseases and malnutrition, prevention injury and violence, support children with disabilities(DeWolf Bosek, 2009).. In many countries, WHO is supported by the committees on children’s right and make review and recommendation. Together they have provided a platform for advocacy and awareness among people rights(DeWolf Bosek, 2009).. WHO has framed some guidance that if state fails to protect children from preventable cause of morality and other and doesn’t take any legal obligation also their local officers, ministers, head of the state fails to take action then they are liable to criminal negligence. Also UNICEF has their health presence globally and is under alliance with government and non-government organisation works for the solution of women and children at greatest risk (DeWolf Bosek, 2009)..

Malawi legal health commission

Conclusion

In this wide world, hundreds of millions of children continue to be victims of the most dangerous forms of exploitation, violence, abuse, and neglect. Children are sold everywhere or forced into bondage to work for family debt, over one million children are trafficked each year; over one million children, mostly girls, are exploited in the sex industry; as many as 100 million women and girls alive today have been badly harassed hundreds of millions of children are still engaged in exploitive child labour, with close to 6 million of these children working in different slavery, children grow up in war places and facing death, maiming as targets or being part of violence, millions of children are starving, homeless, living on the street, increasingly forced to witness or participate in acts of violence in war refugee camps and, in their own houses also children are subjected to beatings, sexual abuse, neglect and domestic violence also forced to watch acts of violence between parents and other loved ones. So to end all the world has to unite and come together to make a new world for our coming generation and people, ending up with appreciable note man as to change to make a good population and treating children as our coming generation.

References

Amaral, A., & Cuthbertson, B. (2016). Balancing quality of care and resource utilisation in acute care hospitals. BMJ Quality & Safety, 25(11), 824-826.

Babad, Y., & Lubitch, A. (2011). Ethical and legal issues of privacy and patient rights in the application of information healthcare delivery systems. International Journal Of Healthcare Technology And Management, 12(3/4), 230.

Bandawe, C. (2010). A synopsis of the field of health education in Malawi. Malawi Medical Journal, 21(4).

Bouffard, J., Berger, E., & Armstrong, G. (2016). The effectiveness of specialized legal counsel and case management services for indigent offenders with mental illness. Health & Justice, 4(1).

DeWolf Bosek, M. (2009). Identifying Ethical Issues From the Perspective of the Registered Nurse. JONA's Healthcare Law, Ethics, And Regulation, 11(3), 91-99.

Hand, W., Robinson, J., & Creel, E. (2013). Ethical Issues Surrounding Weight Bias and Stigma in Healthcare. Online Journal Of Health Ethics, 8.

Karnik, S., & Kanekar, A. (2016). Ethical Issues Surrounding End-of-Life Care: A Narrative Review. Healthcare, 4(2), 24.

Milanzi, E., & Namacha, N. (2017). Maternal biomass smoke exposure and birth weight in Malawi: Analysis of data from the 2010 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. Malawi Medical Journal, 29(2), 160.

Reid, L. (2017). Ethical issues in health philanthropy. Healthcare Management Forum, 30(6), 298-301.

Doctor, H., & Nkhana-Salimu, S. (2017). Trends and Determinants of Child Growth Indicators in Malawi and Implications for the Sustainable Development Goals. AIMS Public Health, 4(6), 590-614.