Essay: Gender Differences In Moral Judgements In Business Ethics Education.

Plagiarism and Its Challenges in Academic Writing

Is there any difference between the average number of warranty claim per month for the deluxe and standard model?

What is the main problem faced by the workers with the new system?

Plagiarism is a complex and serious issue in academic writing, which can arise while writing a report or assignment if a student use thought or ideas of another writer, without giving deemed acknowledgement (Angélil-Carter 2014). To avoid plagiarism student need to provide his or her genuine work. While incorporating views of other writer it need to be represented in his own words and through providing required acknowledgment from where the idea has been sourced plagiarism can be avoided.

While writing report or assignment a researcher uses various ideas and views of the previous writers. In-text citations are used to acknowledge the ideas or work of other writer (Zhao and Strotmann 2016).

Attending smorgasbord restaurant and university study is almost same where lot of supportive resources are accessible to the students. However, to succeed in the university life one need to get out of his chair and look around what is available just like the restaurant where good food can be availed through roaming around and looking into food on offer (Done 2018).

According to the Done (2018) “one should not be like the person who sits at the table of restaurant and wonder why hey is hungry”. To succeed in university like one has to roam around and look for good resource just like restaurant.

Daff, L., De Lange, P. and Jackling, B., 2012. A comparison of generic skills and emotional intelligence in accounting education. Issues in Accounting Education, 27(3), pp.627-646.

• Which of the two model of robotic vacuum cleaner is having increased number of warranty claims post rise in production?
• What are the major issues that are being faced by the workers with the new system?

• What is the difference between the warranty claim of deluxe and standard model before and after rising sales?
• What issue of the new system is problematic to the workers?

Deductive approach of research is aimed to test theory that initiates with hypothesis. Contrary to this, inductive approach is concerned about fabricating new theory form the existing data, while considering the results of the previous researches (Sekaran and Bougie 2016). According to the same resource, deductive approach is based on the positivism that believes in existence of single truth and on the other hand inductive approach believes in constructivism that considers reality is subjective to creation of new ideas.

Fred was aimed to determine how often student visit the library and for this purpose first question is a suitable one. It is an exploratory research question which has been performed at early stages of decision making and unstructured in its approach (Neuman 2014). Though the research question is highly ambiguous, yet it can collect the necessary data for further studies.

Types of Variables used in Scientific Research

In second instance Fred was aimed to find out student’s reason for visiting the library. However, Fred has asked “what services do you use when you visit the library” that will not provide desirable answer for the researchable. Researcher was aimed to find the reason for visiting library and rather asking it through inductive approach Fred chose exploratory research question, which is highly ambiguous and may not provide desired result (Cheong, Hallihan and Shu 2014).

It is type of variable that can be controlled or changes in a scientific experiment, which showcase the reason or cause for a conclusion. It is used by the experimenter as the tool to test the dependent variable of a test and through change in the independent variable researcher try to assess the level of association between the dependent and independent variable (Ary et al. 2018).

Dependent variable is another variable of the scientific research, which is dependent upon the other independent variable and other factors. If there is change in the dependent variable due to change in independent variable, then it can be said that there is level of association between the two variable (Robson and McCartan 2016). And if not change then it can be infers that there is not association between the two variables.

It is third type of variable utilized in a scientific experiment. Control variable are those variable, which does not change throughout the experiment and assessing this is not the primary focus of the experimenter (Mason 2017). However, utilizing the control variable researcher ensure ceteris paribus situation during testing and allow the test to assess the level of association between the dependent and independent variable properly.

• Age
• GPA
• Gender
• Business ethics course

• Business related ethical decision
• Non business ethical decision
• Personal ethical perspectives

H1 is the directional hypothesis that predict the difference between the views of two variable of the sample population (Beck and Andrews 2017). The researcher has inferred the hypothesis from the result of the previous researches and thus it can be stated that it is directional hypothesis.

According to the null hypothesis theory, if the researcher predicts there is no relationship between the measured phenomena, then it can be stated as null hypothesis (Morey et al. 2014). However, if the researcher predict there is relationship between the variables, then it ought to be alternative hypothesis. Thus, H1 hypothesis has been written in alternative format because the researcher has depicted that the female undergraduate business students make moral judgements ethical dilemmas compared to male undergraduate business student.

Research Designs for High Internal Validity

According to the researchers, gender has high association with the business ethics education and in the consecutive hypothesis they have mentioned the same (Wang and Calvano 2015). As mentioned in the H3a female students who have business ethics training make moral judgements in ample amount compared to male counterparts. Through the interaction word, researchers has tried to showcase that the association between the two variables depending upon the gender. In the b,c and d hypothesis under H3 utilizing the interact word, the researchers have highlighted the different perspective of the moral judgement by the undergraduate students who have business ethics training.

Treatment and control group are integral part of the research work. A control group is utilized as the baseline measure and it is identical to the other subjects, which are being examined by the researcher with the hope that is does not get same treatment as the treatment group receive (Henwood 2014). In the selected research work, the researchers applied the treatment and control groups to outline the contrast among the business students who does not have business ethics training that of to those who have received business ethics training.

It is measure of ensuring that a research has a high level of internal validity and it does not influence the respondents. According to the selected research work, the researchers has used the “posttest-only” design so as to ensure that there is no premeasures because it can affect the respondents.

1. One of the major concern of the “posttest-only” researches is that it may reveal the objective of the study to the respondents and it can influence the views of the researchers (Wang and Calvano 2015).
2. Secondly the “posttest-only” can affect the social desirability on ethical decisions. The research is aimed to the gender difference and thus utilizing the posttest-only can provide misleading information from the respondent.
3. Thirdly “posttest-only” can provide only positive result because the respondents may guess the objective of the research.

the study showcase interesting outcome form the research, however, due to long time of research have provided potential problems to the validity of experiment. One of the major issue that has arisen in front of the researches is the development of the ethical outcomes over time through development of the moral compass (Wang and Calvano 2015). Though meta-analysis has highlighted mixed result between the two factors, however in reality they are closely associated. Next to this the research has failed to consider the role of full-time instructors, thus it can bring in some amount of variation in the finding of the research.

• Helps the researcher to determine alternative hypothesis
• Aids the researcher to determine the level of association between the different variables

• Over the time results of the prior studies remain same, whereas the real scenario may get altered
• Validity of the findings over the time of prior researches starts to fall

• GPA
• Age

According to the finding of the selected research work, there is no direct relation between the business ethics and gender, however interactive effective between the variables was significant, which highlights that H3 has been accepted. However, when it comes to the idealism, then there is significant amount of correlation between the gender and business ethics (Wang and Calvano 2015).

In case of disagreement with the hypothesis meta-analysis is being used by the researchers. In order to combine the results of multiple studies so as to enhance the power and better off the estimates while resolve the issue of uncertainty (Comita et al. 2014).

References: 

Angélil-Carter, S., 2014. Stolen language?: Plagiarism in writing. Routledge.

Ary, D., Jacobs, L.C., Irvine, C.K.S. and Walker, D., 2018. Introduction to research in education. Cengage Learning.

Beck, J. and Andrews, K., 2017. Introduction. In The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Animal Minds (pp. 1-10). Routledge.

Cheong, H., Hallihan, G. and Shu, L.H., 2014. Understanding analogical reasoning in biomimetic design: An inductive approach. In Design computing and cognition'12 (pp. 21-39). Springer, Dordrecht.

Comita, L.S., Queenborough, S.A., Murphy, S.J., Eck, J.L., Xu, K., Krishnadas, M., Beckman, N. and Zhu, Y., 2014. Testing predictions of the Janzen–Connell hypothesis: a meta?analysis of experimental evidence for distance?and density?dependent seed and seedling survival. Journal of Ecology, 102(4), pp.845-856.

Daff, L., De Lange, P. and Jackling, B., 2012. A comparison of generic skills and emotional intelligence in accounting education. Issues in Accounting Education, 27(3), pp.627-645.

Done, W., 2018. How to succeed at your studies. Melbourne: Good Books Ltd, p.7.

Henwood, K., 2014. Qualitative research. Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, pp.1611-1614.

Mason, J., 2017. Qualitative researching. Sage.

Morey, R.D., Rouder, J.N., Verhagen, J. and Wagenmakers, E.J., 2014. Why hypothesis tests are essential for psychological science: A comment on Cumming. Psychological science, 25(6), pp.1289-90.

Neuman, L.W., 2014. Social research methods. Pearson Education Limited.

Robson, C. and McCartan, K., 2016. Real world research. John Wiley & Sons.

Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., 2016. Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley & Sons.

Wang, L.C. and Calvano, L., 2015. Is business ethics education effective? An analysis of gender, personal ethical perspectives, and moral judgment. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(4), pp.591-602.

Zhao, D. and Strotmann, A., 2016. Dimensions and uncertainties of author citation rankings: Lessons learned from frequency?weighted in?text citation counting. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 67(3), pp.671-682.