Investigating CSFs For The Life Cycle Of ERP System From The Perspective Of IT Governance In An Essay.

1. To what extent has this aim been achieved?

2. What does this text add to the body of knowledge

Given the evolution of the integrated and world-wide economy, the external and internal ambience of the industries has been encountering vast changes.  The finance executives have been reacting to the increase in maintenance fees per annum under strict budgets of information and technology.

Almost half of the ERP systems have replaced the traditional ERP software. A review on the investigation of the CSFS for the overall life cycle of ERP system has been made from the point of IT governance.

Responding to the current fashion in the technology sector, the CSF or the “critical success factor” of research projects has been ranked. This has been done according to the dates formed. An investigation is carried out in the journal about the possible CSF’s for the cycle of life of an E”RP system”. The CSFs has been distinguished into five phases of life cycle. The study is been done regarding the performances and outcomes of ITG. It has been also determined whether it has been driven CSFs for the ERP. The managers and entrepreneurs should carry on from a view-point of ITG to control the CSFs. This method has driven and enforced the ITG. It has further mitigated the risks of IT. They should establish a measurement index of performance for the ERP systems (Li, Chang and Yen 2017). This has to be done to provide values in the organizations.

The literature has searched for the way any company could decrease the risk of the expensive ERP failures. The ITG has been regarded to seek the proper answer. The journal has highlighted on the championship and leadership in a project as well as an organization. A clear relationship between the individuals and ERP has been shown. Various models have been suggested to relate with the contingency factors and ITG. A good attempt has been made in the journal in determining the significance of the ITG drivers. It has been done on the rethinking of the CSFs for the ERP from 1998, till 2011.

Conclusion:

The results of the present study have supported the requirements for the holistic view-point on every CSF through every phase of the life-cycle of ERP. Proper ITG frameworks fitting the traditional and organizational contexts result in the improvement of the performance of the system. Communication and collaboration should be encouraged as these aspects drive the central virtuous of the ITF in the life cycle.  There should be exploring on future researches over the positive impact on the ITG outcome of the ITG drivers. 

Reference:

Li, H., Chang, S. and Yen, D. (2017). Investigating CSFs for the life cycle of ERP system from the perspective of IT governance. 

The requirements of the customers have been managing the deployment and creation of any software. The capability to react to the fast changes in the support, upgradeability and requirements quickly is desired for any organization.

The developers require dealing with the complicated codes, tools and infrastructures. The following discussion explores the factors in order to sell the products by the marketing department in straight face.

Critique

The high level structures of any system according to the components and interaction of them are described by the software architecture. In any design the architecture has been recognized in delivering an advantageous separation. This distinction is done on the concerns between “gross system behaviors” of the components that has been interacting with the normal constituent components. The architecture has been the primary organization of systems comprising of components. Each of them has been associated with the system, with each others, governing principles of design and the evolution. The software architecture has been referred to as the selecting of an in general structure to implement any software project.  These are based on the requirements of user and the software systems of the business. This is done to impose the required applications. It accelerates and optimizes the software quality, maintenance and production (Rafighi, Farjami and Modiri 2016).  In order to coordinate the data in every section of business the ERP or “Enterprise Resource Planning” programs has been utilized by the firms. It has helped in sharing the common database, tools of management reporting shared and the company-wide processes of business. One of the important aims of the ERP systems is the “integration”. It has been done between the departments or functions, both within and outside the organization.

Problem developing from the systems and merging of more than one organization has been resolved in the study with a suggested model. As a result of this the systems has been able to transfer information between the new and old systems. The architecture designed would solve the problem of trapped or imprisoned data. As shown in the journal all architecture has errors. In the “plug-in architecture”, the database has not been the correct place to store data. In the data integration the component architecture has been week. The “CDPC Architecture” as suggested has been the special combination of the three architectures.  This not only solve all the problems but also has taken befits of them to solve them.

Conclusion:

The software of the ERP s has supported the effective functionality of the process of business. This has been done throughout any business tasks relating to the staffing, accounting, logistics, manufacturing, marketing and sales. The architecture has responded to the problems. It has also ensured versatility and scalability of the systems in an organization. It has eventually ensured the integrity among every system. 

References:

Rafighi, M., Farjami, Y. and Modiri, N., 2016. Assessing component based ERP architecture for developing organizations. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, 14(1), p.72. 

The “Vicro Communications” is the international organization providing services and products. It has been helping the companies to communicate via digital and print technologies.

 The organization sought for reengineering the basic approaches of business with the aid of the “data centric enterprise” software.  However, they mistook about depending on the software fully. The following study discusses about the critical review of the issue as assessed by the above mentioned journal.

It has been expected that the software might increase process efficiency, capabilities of data mining and data warehouse and sharing of data. The management has never made any attempt about the existing system. They were just embarking from the very first about the over the imposition of the software expensively. They also have not taken any step to retrieve opinions and feedback from the employees. The reengineering effort had failed miserably despite of investing huge amount of money on software implementation.  Due to this, the performance has not improved and the software also phased out. The Vicro Communications has been opted out for the case study as it was known that it have experimented with the BPR or “Business Process Re-engineering”. The BPR has been used as the study base to frame the research (Irma-international.org, 2017). Though the proliferation of the articles on research was abundant, the findings have given restricted explanation of power. This has been concerned about the underpinning causes behind the failure of BPR. 

Conclusion

The remainder of the case description has attempted in illuminating for the readers regarding the happenings in the reengineering effort. The phenomenological method in this case to determine the themes or patters emerging the dada has been the “data analysis”. The technology usage has been relating to the significance of the computers at workplace. The theme of process improvement has been building relationship between the “data centric enterprise technology” and the BPR.  Further, the HPT has been adopted for streamlining the standardize databases and processes at a single platform. The Vicro communications has made no attempt for analyzing the current systems and processes to fetch whether they were fluid. From the outcomes it became apparent that staffs of Vicro were not comfortable with the HPT and BPR.

Conclusion: 

In the case of Vicro the data showed the decision of investment on software has been paramount to the unsuccessfulness of their effort.  The promises of vendors were not fulfilled. Vicro was in situation of “holding the bag”. Huge amount of dollars were spent on the investment of software implementation. In spite of that, the reengineering attempt failed miserably. Thus the improvement of software has not taken place. 

References:

Irma-international.org. (2017). IRMA-International.org. [online] Available at: https://www.irma-international.org/viewtitle/33555/ [Accessed 11 Apr. 2017]. 

The creation of the ERP or “Enterprise Resource Planning” system has began after it was implemented and made use of. It has been necessary to amalgamate ERP with the systems of business information both inside and outside the organization.

 With a grounded theory, the study has explored the way in which challenges of integration has emerged on huge manufacturing enterprises.

The ERP Systems has been an integrated system company-wide integrating the central processes of business. It has collected the data about enterprise in one database. The data could be retrieved for the causes of business from there. Various IS has been affected in the ERP development. This was because there systems have often required to be combined with the ERP. The ERP systems have been implemented generally to avoid the legacy systems already present. A significant number of literatures have concentrated on the critical aspects in the ERP projects because of its challenging characteristics.

The IT governance has been the functionality whose objective was to assure that the investments on IT generate desired benefits. The “qualitative research methods” have become effective in the research of IS. In the journal the use of GT was chosen as the method of research. It has been allowing the creation of the theory in an iterative manner. This has been based on the systematically gathered and analyzed information. The data analysis of the GT comprised of the 3 procedures of coding. They had been the selective, axial, open coding. In the literature the information has been collected by conducting a couple of theme-based interview rounds (Kähkönen, Smolander and Maglyas 2016).

The very first recommendation has been made on the role of information technology in system development and acquisition decision making. Then the recommendation has been made on the establishment of a high level architecture of enterprise. This helps in exposing the aims.  Further recommendations shows that the integration requirements have been utilizing and maintaining a description of architecture. An interruptive study was made to undertake the process and reason behind the evolution of ERP systems. A construct has been produced to provide explanation regarding the “cause and effect” of the removed integration governance. How the reasons could reinforce others has been pointed out.

References

Conclusion: 

The integration challenges and their negative impacts were created by the avoided integration governance. The “integration governance” has been defined the sub-functionality of the governance of information technology. This governance has been an important activity to develop IS in complicated atmospheres. The outcomes were very useful under the context of ERP. They has been also significant in the development of IS that has been conducted under a complicated surrounding. 

References:

Kähkönen, T., Smolander, K. and Maglyas, A., 2016. Lack of integration governance in ERP development: a case study on causes and effects. Enterprise Information Systems, pp.1-34. 

The competition in the service industries has been intensifying. The service providers have been facing new challenges constantly. This was to provide offerings effectively and efficiently.

 As a result of this the activities of supply chain along with the processes has been critical. It has also constituted crucial strategic planning from the service managers that are evaluated in the study.  

The technological innovations have been evolving very fast. Yet it has been adopting latest technologies which had been more hard than the companies has been anticipating originally. The implementation, study and design of the ESs have been taking place traditionally in the context of the manufacturing companies. ES has been referred to the degree up to which the companies has been establishing the IS for high-speed and consistent transfer of the supply chain. Porter has identified the 3 generic capabilities of competition. They are the focus strategy, differentiation and the leadership. Froehlich and Westbrook have also identified three dimensions. They have been the supplier or upstream, internal and the customer or downstream integration. The measures of the constructs firstly came from the previous researches. In order to assure the conceptual non-dualism, every primary study constructs has been using scales in multi-terms. The hypothesis testing has utilized the SEM or “Structural Equation Modeling” (Mostaghel et al. 2015). This has been to analyze and do testing of the research models. The ESS has been able to improve the competitiveness and the performance of the firm in the current era.

 Theoretically the study has contributed by the synthesizing of the previously distinguished constructs. This has been done into a research model coherent and both integrative and empirically viable. In the journal testing has been done for the conceptual model under the services context rather than the manufacturers. Thus the research has further contributed to the less researched areas of supply chain services. Any formal meta-analysis might have imposed light on the findings. The study has also extended the construct of ES by incorporating relevant things from the practical standpoint. A useful way to research further would be to find the average usage of ES with levels of “supply chain integration” through calculation of quadratic relationships.

Conclusion: 

To overthrow the constraint with the sample quantity, the literature has used parceled scales. In spite of using the techniques the acceptable validity and reliability indexes has provided reassurance. This assured that the scale parceling exerted no significant effect on the outcomes. Considering the potential benefit of the usage of ES, further researches have been able to investigate the underpinning factors. These have been relating to the implementation of the success and failure ES implementation. 

References:

Mostaghel, R., Oghazi, P., Beheshti, H.M. and Hultman, M., 2015. Strategic use of enterprise systems among service firms: Antecedents and consequences. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), pp.1544-1549.