Explaining And Implementing Patterns In SDLC - Assignment 2

Identify and explain the pattern/s used and justify the decision to use that/those pattern or patterns. 

Implement the controller and domain entity classes necessary to support at least the normal flow for the use case described in Question 2 Assignment 2 according to your design (or the design provided). Implement a test harness for the controller class which simulates and displays input from boundary classes and then receives and displays the system responses. 

Describe and discuss the role and timing of design processes within the SDLC with specific reference to:

1. Software Architecture
2. Database Design
3. User Interface Design
4. Use Case Realization
5. Detailed Design

Identifying and Justifying Design Patterns

The Use Case analyzed that has been already analyzed is categorized into the Behavioral pattern. The other available design patterns were creation and structural. However, as the use case has been used for determining the interaction of the users with the system, the Behavioral pattern was the best solution. The pattern used in the use case analysis has the characteristics named reusability, useful solution and contextual. The use case has properly shown how the users will be efficiently interacting with the system. Moreover, the associated interactions has been also mentioned. 

The use case pattern states that the physician will get notification after the frontline personnel mark the situation as emergency. The staff can track the patient health related data and treatment patterns. The staff can also access the history of patient health data. This use case pattern shows that the staff such as nurse, frontline personnel, and physicians can access all the patient data immediately for improving the patient health care. The use case pattern shows that each patient must be logged in before accessing the system. The login is important as the system will store all the patient data specifically for each patient. The system cannot identify which data is associated with which patient. The patient will get login credentials based on the registration. The patient can also track the health data like the staff. However, the patient health data access is restricted to his/her own data. The patient can also add additional data. Taken as an example, the patient may want to record voice message regarding the experience while glucose level is not normal. Configuring the application is an additional use case pattern that has been assumed. The application will allow the user to customize the application theme, font sizes and more.

 
Figure 1: Controller and Domain Entity Class Diagram
(Source: Created by Author)

After developing a new class it is more logical to test the class before using it in the real world application . The class method and instance method will be lined to the class name and instance name respectively. The system will use the method call approach. This approach entails that one method can be called from within another method. The method call is a critical part of test harness.

Test Case: The staff will set an appointment for the patient. The system will check is patient is registered. If the patient is not registered, then registration method will be called from within the set appointment method.
The argument passing is also an important part of the harness testing. This approach allows the objects to pass parameters into the methods. The methods and constructors are used for argument passing. The class can implement constructor overloading so that a same class can be used for different purposes. 

Implementing Controllers and Domain Entity Classes

Test Case: The system will define the number of arguments while registering a patient or staff. Based on the number of parameters passed, the system will determine whether the person is a patient or a staff. 

Software Architecture: It is used for designing a software system and creating a eHealth information system, the architecture is used for creating a statement identification of the assets required for the development of the IoT healthcare system. The architectural models are used for evaluation of the interoperability, security, efficiency, quality and asset reusability . The software architecture is used for the development of the framework of the infrastructure and it helps in inclusion of the new elements in the telehealth system for management of the hardware and the software platform. The software architecture is created during the design phase of the software development lifecycle model and it helps in improvement of the efficiency of the eHealth solution developed for meeting the local needs of the patients. The software architecture is created by combining the different components and service involved for the management of the health informatics. 

Database Design: For the management of the data generated from the IoT telehealth devices a distributed database management system should be applied. The use of big data can be an ideal choice for the development team for data analysis and storing data generated from multiple sources. There are different conceptual database models that can be used for the diagnostic of the patient health condition . The database design is created and during the database management phase of software development lifecycle model. The database architecture is created and the flow of information between the different components are identified for designing the tables and store the information of the patients and the individuals using the system. The development of the database can be separated from the software development lifecycle model after the analysis of the requirement of the project. For the development of the database a logical design is created that is dependent on the conceptual data model and the constraint are identified for the data representation.

User Interface: The user interface is the communication medium between the user and the system. The system will have different user interfaces. The patients will use the mobile screen for communicating with the system and the staff will use computer for interacting with the system . The system interface design process are executed in several parts. The first one is creating low fidelity prototypes. In this user interface design, the system interface mockups or wireframes are created. The mockups are analyzed and suggestions are collected. Based on the output of the evaluation, the high level prototypes are created. These high-level prototypes are the intractable user interface.

Testing Using a Test Harness

The user interfaces are created after all the design paradigms are identified. The use case realization acts as the most important source of interface information.    

Use Case Realization: The use case realization offers a construct for organizing the entities that visualizes how the logical business behavior is supported by the system physical design. The use case is the communication medium between the logician and physical aspect of the system . The main purpose of the use case realization is defining the physical design of the system regarding classes and cooperating objects that is supports the use case. Therefore, the use case realization, can be considered as the based on the use case modeling approach, are consisted of various UML diagrams like class diagram and several interaction diagrams. 

The use case realization is used in the designing phase of the SDLC methodology. The designing of the system is a very crucial part of the system project as the whole code is based on the designs. As the real reason behind the use case realization is to establish logical communication between the real world applications, it is done in early stage of design.
Detailed Design: The detailed design phase is consisted of process flow diagrams, activity diagrams, state-chart diagrams and many more. These designs are created based on the input of the use case realization process output. The process flow diagram shows how the system execute each process and how the end users and other entities of the organization participate in the process . The activity diagram is similar to the process flow diagram but actually consists of the insight of the system processes. The activity diagram shows how the system functions would work in response to the user request.

The detailed design process is executed in the final part of the design phase. The detailed designs and generated based on all the design and requirement of the system determined in the project. 

Alexander, Kaitlin, and Stephen M. Easterbrook. "The software architecture of climate models: a graphical comparison of CMIP5 and EMICAR5 configurations." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 4 (2015): 1221-1232.

Courtney, Karen L., Judith T. Matthews, Julie M. McMillan, L. Mecca Person, Asim Smailagic, and Daniel Siewiorek. "Usability testing of a prototype multi-user telehealth kiosk." Studies in health technology and informatics 208 (2015): 109-113.

Elmasri, Ramez, and Sham Navathe. Fundamentals of database systems. London: Pearson, 2016.

Joo, Kyung-Soo, and Jung-Woong Woo. "Development of object-oriented analysis and design methodology for secure web applications." International Journal of Security and Its Applications 8, no. 1 (2014): 71-80.
Sharma, Chayanika, Sangeeta Sabharwal, and Ritu Sibal. "Applying genetic algorithm for prioritization of test case scenarios derived from UML diagrams." arXiv preprint arXiv:1410.4838 (2014).

Van Rossem, Steven, Xuejun Cai, Ivano Cerrato, Per Danielsson, Felicián Németh, P. Pechenot, István Pelle et al. "NFV service dynamicity with a DevOps approach: Insights from a use-case realization." In IM2017, the IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management, pp. 674-679. 2017.