Use Case Diagram For ATM Subsystem Essay And Report On Windows 10. (70 Characters)

In a banking system, use cases define the interaction that takes place between customers and automated teller machines (ATM). Given figure shows an example use case diagram for an ATM subsystem. The Customer actor represents the class of all customers who will use the ATM subsystem. When you use the local ATM to withdraw cash, you are an instance of Customer using a particular instance of the use case Withdraw cash. The person standing on the line behind you is another instance of Customer, who will use the different instance of the use case Withdraw cash. Someone else may use the instance of use case Check balance or Print mini-statement. You may successfully withdraw cash from the machine, but the person behind you may find that he or she does not have enough money deposited, and the use case instance will proceed a different course from yours, rejecting the request. 

Note – The term scenarios is used to refer to the different possible courses that different instances of the same use case might take.

• List at least three scenarios that are common to the given use cases.
• List the possible scenarios for all the use cases (other than the ones given in Q1.)
• Specify any other use cases possible for ATM system.

Microsoft described Windows 10 as an 'operating system as a service' that would receive ongoing updates to its features and functionality, augmented with the ability for enterprise environments to receive non-critical updates at a slower pace, or use long-term support milestones that will only receive critical updates, such as securitypatches, over their five-year lifespan of mainstream support. Terry Myerson, executive vice president of Microsoft's Windows and Devices Group, argued that the goal of this model was to reduce fragmentation across the Windows platform, as Microsoft aimed to have Windows 10 installed on at least one billion devices in the two to three years following its release.

Write a report on Windows 10 and answer the following questions in your own words

• Give a brief history about Windows systems.
• What are the minimum system/hardware requirements for Windows 10
• How to install/upgrade to the new Windows 10? And specify the configuration tasks performed following the installation.
• What security features can be highlighted in the system
• Compared to other desktop operating systems, what are the advantages of Windows 10
• What are the criticisms about Windows 10.

Use Case Diagram for ATM Subsystem

In software engineering, a use case is a diagram used to describe a group of actions called use cases that a system called subject can perform with the collaboration and help of external users called actors. It is used in system design and analysis in order to help identify, organize as well as clarify requirements of a system.

Windows 10 is one of the operating systems under Microsoft Corporation. It is used in servers, desktop PCs, laptops and phones as well as all other connected devices. 

1. Withdraw cash
   1. Customer insert their debit card and then provide the correct PIN
   2. Customer gets validated and options are displayed by the ATM. Customer chooses Withdraw cash.
   3. ATM displays or prompts the amount to be withdrawn, customer selects or enters the amount after which the ATM checks funds availability and allowable withdrawal limit. Money is then dispensed to the customer and receipt printed
2. Check balance
   1. Customer insert their debit card and then provide the correct PIN
   2. Customer gets validated and options are displayed by the ATM. Customer chooses Check balance
   3. ATM displays the remaining balance in the customer’s account and prints a receipt if customer prompts for one.
3. Print mini-statement
   1. customer inserts debit card and provide correct PIN
   2. Customer gets validated and options are displayed by the ATM.
   3. Customer selects print mini-statement. ATM responds with a printed hard copy of the mini-statement.

B. Maintaining the Integrity of the Specifications

1. Possible Scenarios for the above use cases
   • Withdraw cash
     1. Success scenario
        1. Customer inserts their debit card and enters the correct PIN
        2. ATM validates the customer
        3. ATM displays available options on the screen
        4. Customer chooses withdraw money option
        5. ATM displays withdrawal amounts or prompts user to enter desired amount
        6. Customer selects or enters desired amount based on option previously selected.
        7. ATM queries the banking system for availability of sufficient funds and/or allowable withdrawal amount/limit
        8. ATM dispenses money and prints the receipt.

1. Failed scenario

2a. ATM fails to validate the customer

2a1. ATM displays an error message.

6a. Customer enters an amount that is invalid

6a1. Customer is prompted by the ATM to enter valid amount

7a. Customer’s account contains insufficient funds

7a1. Error message is displayed by the ATM

7a2. Available withdrawal limit is displayed and then the ATM redirects to step 6a1.

7b. ATM has no sufficient funds

7b1. ATM technician is alerted to add funds.

• Check balance
  1. Success scenario
     1. Customer inserts their debit card and enters the correct PIN
     2. ATM validates the customer
     3. ATM displays available options on the screen
     4. Customer chooses check balance
     5. ATM displays available balance
  2. Failed Scenario

2a. ATM fails to validate the customer

2a1. ATM displays an error message.

• Print mini-statement
  1. Success scenario
     1. Customer inserts their debit card and enters the correct PIN
     2. ATM validates the customer
     3. ATM displays available options on the screen
     4. Customer chooses print mini-statement
     5. ATM print mini-statement
  2. Failed Scenario

2a ATM fails to validate the customer

2a1. ATM displays an error message [1].

C. Other possible Use cases for ATM

1. Cash Deposit Use case by customer
2. Cash transfer use case by customer
3. Maintenance use case by technician
4. Repair use case by technician
5. Replenish cash use case by cashier

     The Windows operating system was first introduced in 1985. The original Windows whose development took place at Microsoft was released in November 1985.

      Two years later, Windows 2 was released in December 1987 with the innovation being ability to maximize or minimize windows.

        Windows 3 was launched in 1990 and it used a hard drive as well as enabling multi-tasking. Windows 3.1 was released in 1992 and with it was introduced TrueType fonts which made Windows the goto choice as a publishing platform.

       Windows 95 was launched in August 1995 and it included a start button and a start menu, 32-bit environment, task bar and its main focus was multi-tasking. It is in Windows 95 that Internet Explorer made its debut.

       In June 1998, Windows 98 was released and it was built on Windows 95 and its biggest change was the introduction of Windows Driver Model which was planned to support other future versions of the operating system.

    The last Windows to use MS-DOS was Windows Millennium Edition (Windows ME) which was released in September 2000. An enterprise version of Windows ME was released in February 2000 which was called Windows 2000 and it was the first version to support hibernation.

     In October 2001, one of the best versions of Windows by the name Windows XP was released and after six years, it was replaced in January 2007 by Windows Vista. However, there were a lot of criticisms associated with Windows Vista and therefore Windows 7 was released in October 2009.

     Microsoft released Windows 8 in October 2012 with the start button and start menu not being part of the release though they were added to Windows 8.1 released in October 2013.Finally, Windows 10 is the latest version by Microsoft and it is a test version for users to try. It is the ninth version of windows [3].

B. Minimum hardware requirements for windows 10 

• Processor: 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster
• RAM: 1 gigabyte (GB) (32-bit) or 2 GB (64-bit)
• Hard disk space that is free: 16 GB
• Graphics card: Microsoft DirectX 9 with Windows Display Driver Model driver
• A Microsoft email account and reliable Internet access [4].

C. Upgrading/installing new Windows 10 and configurations

1. Upgrading
   1. User should visit the Microsoft website and download the Windows 10 ISO image or a web installer from the same website and choose upgrade your PC upon installing the installer.
   2. If the installation is happening on a regular PC which already has windows installed, the user will be prompted to start the upgrading process immediately. Optionally, the user can burn the ISO image on an optical disk, create a flash USB drive to be boot-able or attach the ISO image with the help of a virtual machine software with the assumption that the virtual machine has Windows 7 or 8 already installed.
   3. Installation will be most likely by clicking the next button while following instructions on the screen and ensuring that Upgrade option is chosen when prompted [5].
2. Installing
   1. Visit the Microsoft website and download the media creation tool.
   2. Execute the MediaCreationTool.exe and select “Create installation media for another PC”
   3. Accept or change the options for installation and click next
   4. Choose USB Flash drive or ISO file. Click next
   5. Choose the drive and then click next
   6. After the media creation tool has created the media, click finish.
   7. Restart the computer to be installed with the OS with the USB drive inserted
   8. Press a key to allow booting from the USB drive
   9. Follow the prompts to that appear in order to set up Windows 10
3. Configuration tasks
   1. Creation of a restore point
   2. Showing hidden files and extensions
   3. Speeding up shutdown
   4. Managing security and privacy settings
   5. Customize Start task bar and lock screen

D. Security features

1. Virtualization-based security (VBS) – this is an architecture based security addition which uses both hardware and software enforced procedures to created a restricted subsystem for storing as well as securing and operating other subsystems and data. It is an architectural modern design to improve security and thus eliminate or reduce instances of attacks or malware installation by cyber criminals.
2. Secure booting – in the old versions of operating systems, it was possible for attackers to inject root-kits and other malwares when the computer was booting. This has been prevented by usage of secure booting. This involves the use of various tools to protect the booting process. They include BitLocker as well as the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) which replaced the BIOS which was highly vulnerable. They work together with the Windows operating system in order to ensure that the lowest levels of the operating system are not interfered with.
3. Windows Hello – this is a feature that attempts to get rid of passwords which are usually stolen. It supports biometric authentication which includes facial, iris and fingerprints. Hello is used to locally logon and the details are kept locally on the computer. They are therefore useless if used outside of the specific computer from which they were picked.
4. Device guard – this is a highly efficient tool that determines which scripts and applications or programs are allowed to execute on a particular computer. It uses the power of VBS to ensure restriction of execution of what is not allowed to run while allowing permitted programs and scripts to run.
5. Enterprise data protection – this is used to protect data from being accidentally or intentionally released or leaked by workers. In this case, users are not allowed to work with folders that are special, changing computer mode or move into partitions [7].

E. Advantages of Windows 10

1. Speed – the operating has got faster start up speeds compared to other operating systems. Windows 10 coupled with its new 3D engine called DirectX 12 has boosted the speed that many gamers yearn for.
2. The start menu – after the start menu was removed in Windows 8 and replaced with a Start screen, Microsoft has returned the start menu but it is tile-based in order to allow the operating system to be touch-enabled as well as providing live tile info.
3. Universal applications – Windows 10 contains an App Store where the PC owner can find software that they need for large or small tasks. Since the applications run in their own sandboxes, they are more secure compared to the Windows applications that are old school. The applications that come with Windows 10 are more slicker and powerful media applications videos, mail, calendar, maps and photos.
4. Touch – Windows is touch-enabled and therefore it can be convenient to use on laptops and computers that support touch screens.
5. A new and better browser – Microsoft Edge is a modern browser which comes with Windows 10 and it is the operating system’s default browser.
6. Security – Windows 10 is highly secure since it inherits the secure booting from Windows 8 and has proceeded to make it even more secure. Secure Boot requires code signing when executing the code. It is done either by Microsoft or the makers of the hardware in use.
7. Virtual desktops – it is now possible to switch between several virtual desktops courtesy of Windows 10.
8. Xbox Application – the is especially of huge benefit to gamers because Xbox is now integrated with Windows 10. It is now possible to directly stream games to the computer and play games using the computer against other players who are on Xbox [8].

F. Criticisms about Windows 10

10. Microsoft removed the Windows Media Center and replaced it with the Movies and TV application in Windows 10. This has made it difficult to record live TV to watch later without a third party application.
11. Windows 10 does not provide the capability to add Guest accounts.
12. You cannot play DVDs without a third party software.

Conclusion

      Windows 10 is by far the best operating system released by Microsoft Corporation so far. This is coupled by the fact that it integrates well with modern technologies such as touch screens and biometric authentication. Even though the operating system is being used as a test case and being provided for free, it will be one of the best operating systems in some years to come.

    UML Use case diagrams are extremely important since they enable system analysts to see the behavior of the system before production begins. They help in exhausting all the user requirements while providing a logical view of the system and its processes.

References

[1]"Use Case Scenario - Example and Template (UML)", Lucidchart. [Online]. Available: https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/use-case-scenario-example-and-template-UML. [Accessed: 04- May- 2017].

[2]S. Gibilisco, "What is use case diagram (UML use case diagram)? - Definition from WhatIs.com", WhatIs.com, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/use-case-diagram. [Accessed: 04- May- 2017].

[3]S. Gibbs, "From Windows 1 to Windows 10: 29 years of Windows evolution", the Guardian, 2013. [Online]. Available: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/02/from-windows-1-to-windows-10-29-years-of-windows-evolution. [Accessed: 04- May- 2017].

[4]A. Kingsley-Hughes, "Windows 10: Will your PC run it? | ZDNet", ZDNet, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-will-your-pc-run-it/. [Accessed: 04- May- 2017].

[5]L. Heddings, "How to Install Windows 10 on Your PC", Howtogeek.com, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.howtogeek.com/197559/how-to-install-windows-10-on-your-pc/. [Accessed: 04- May- 2017].

[6]M. Pinola, "How to Do a Clean Install of Windows 10", Laptopmag.com, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/clean-install-windows-10. [Accessed: 04- May- 2017].

[7]R. Grimes, "The best new security features of Windows 10", InfoWorld, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.infoworld.com/article/3044089/security/the-best-new-security-features-of-windows-10.html. [Accessed: 04- May- 2017].

[8]M. MUCHMORE, "10 Reasons to Upgrade to Windows 10", PCMAG, 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2487499,00.asp. [Accessed: 04- May- 2017].