Understanding Differences In Attitudes And Behaviors Of Boys And Girls Through Analysis Of Cultural Backgrounds And Psychologies

Write a report on the differences in the attitude of girls and boys through the assessment of cultural backgrounds and psychologies.

The research aims at understanding the differences in the attitude of girls and boys through the assessment of cultural backgrounds and psychologies (Walker  & Henderson,  2012). The research will be evaluating the different responses of girls over boys while placing the same in identical situations for determining the score (Meyers-Levy  & Loken, 2015). The assessment of the different characteristics in women and men will be helping to understand the roles that are played by the same in the society. Alvares et al. (2013) stated that men are more prone to be helpful in nature whereas the women in the society are prone to receive the help. The assessment of the cultural and the social norms in the respective areas will be helping to strengthen the view on the social roles that are played by the genders. Social inhibition is one of the primary concerns that are faced by the people while communicating in a circumstance.

For an instance, DiPrete and Jennings  (2012) stated that the women in Arabian countries are vulnerable as the social norms has restricted the growth f the same in contrast to that of women in USA. Therefore, the identification of the characteristics and the role that are played by the genders will be facilitated through the research.  The research will be undertaking a BAS-RR Questionnaire, which will be helping the researcher in understanding the viewpoints of the genders (Aktar et al., 2013). The utilization of the questionnaire will be helping the researcher in identifying the different concerns that are faced by the women and men through an assessment of their viewpoints. Doey,   Coplan and Kingsbury (2014) stated that the socio- cultural differences and environment plays an important role in shaping the mental setup of the genders. The different circumstances and environments helps that will be assessed during the research will help in understanding the role of the genders in the social structure. However, Kays,   Gathercoal and Buhrow  (2012) opined that the different changes in the genders are specifically based on the psychological traits of the people, irrespective of any discriminations. Therefore, the research aims at providing a detailed understanding of the different approaches that are undertaken by the people relating to the genders. The research will also identify the different aspects in which the genders react to similar situations in a different manner (Van der Graaff et al., 2014). The key aspects that might be discussed as a part of the assessment is based on the differentiations of the approaches that are reflected through the activities of male and females in a particular social structure (Chaplin  & Aldao,  2013). The research will be helping to identify and distinguish the different ideas relating to the ganders and thereby anticipate the role that might be played by the same in a particular situation.

The hypotheses for the research are:

Hypothesis 1: There will be significant differences between male and females in the result of BAS-RR Questionnaire

Hypothesis 2: Men will score better

The hypotheses in this connection will be helping the researcher in guiding the study towards the conceived goal of understanding the differences in the approaches.

Result

This research utilizes convenience sampling to collect the sample population. The sample populations consisted of thirty undergraduate psychology students at James Cook University Singapore, who enrolled in Social Psychology module (PY3102). Participants were equally selected based on the gender, fifteen male students (50%) and fifteen female students (50%) with the mean age of 21.73 (SD= 2.57). The participants are varied in nationalities, from local to international students.This study was conducted in class during tutorials and the experiment was taken on different days and timings.

This study used within-subject design with the Independent Variable (IV)of genders of the participants (male and female). The Dependent Variable (DV) would be participant’s bystander attitude score operationalized by a five-points Likert scale on a questionnaire ofBystander Attitude Scale-Revised Revised (BAS-RR).The questionnaire consisted of 8 statements. Participants were to indicate how likely are they going to engage a behavior in that situation with a Likert scale of 1-5. 1 means “Extremely unlikely” and 5 means “Extremely likely”.

A revised version of the Bystander Attitude Scale-Revised (BAS-R) will be used to gather the data (Appendix A). BAS-R wording was changed to a more neutral stance due to the overtly biased priming against males in the original version.For instance, in the original scale stated statements such as “Challenge a friend who uses “ho,” “bitch,” or “slut” to describe girls.” or “Refuse to participate in activities where girls’ appearances are ranked/rated.” while the newly revised scale includes statements that were less biased such as “Challenge a friend who made an inappropriate joke in front of others.” BAS-RR consisted of 8 revised items from the original 16 items of statements. These statements were in regard tobehaviours in which participants can draw in to intervene previously, amid, or after a sexual assault.

Experimenters selected equal amount of gender, 15 males and 15 males from the PY3102 classes, lecture and tutorials. Experimenters briefly explained and seek for consent from the participants. Distribution of the questionnaire was done in 2 ways, 1) handed personally and 2) online based questionnaire link sent through a social media platform called Whatsapp. Participant took approximately 5 minutes to fill in the questionnaire. After completion, participants were debriefed about the experiment.

The data collected was investigated and it showed that there was a difference in scores between males and females using a within-subject non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed Ranked test, n = 30. The median score for males and females were 32.8 and 17.5 respectively, with the standard deviation of 3.5 for males and 4.5 for females. This indicates that social inhibition was less likely to occur with males then females. As for the graph, mean total score for males was in the range of 27 to 39 which means the results were skewed towards a lower trend of social inhibition. On the contrast, the mean total score for females ranged between 12 to 26, resulting the graph to be skewed towards a higher trend of social inhibition. This analysis showed significant difference between males and females, Z = -3.41, p < 0.01.The mean and standard deviation score for this data can be found in table 1 (below).

Discussion

Table 1

Comparison of Means and Standard Deviations of male and female

The current study aims to investigate the effect of gender on the tendency of social inhibition which was contextualized through bystander attitude scale. The results indicated that out of two hypotheses, both was proven to be right. The first hypothesis postulated that there will be a significant different between males and females in the result of BAS-RR questionnaire.

Conclusion

Therefore, from the above research it might be stated that the social circumstances and the environment contributed to the differences in the behavior and approach of males and females. The different changes in the behavior and outlook of the genders were identified through the formulation of BAS-RR Questionnaire.  The web based questionnaire will be helping the researcher in understanding the different approaches of the genders through quantitative surveys.  The research clearly exhibits the different aspects of social inhibition and the manner in which the gender influence the same. The samples that were collected during the research was undertaken through the circulation of the web based questionnaire among respondents from the James Cook University Singapore. The research was undertaken through an assessment of 50% male and 50% female in order to avoid biasness in the outcome. The expected outcome of the research is to identify the scores of the male and females during the survey and thereby analyze their roles in social inhibition.

The different aspects of change that are undertaken by the researcher are based on the identification of the diversity in the social structure in order to correlate to the gender differences and approaches held by the same.  The findings of the research depicted that the median score for males and females were 32.8 and 17.5 respectively, with the standard deviation of 3.5 for males and 4.5 for females. It indicated that social inhabitation is more likely to occur with females rather than the males. Therefore, the study portrayed that the results favored in the side of the males with lesser effect of social inhabitation. The different aspects of changes in the behavior and outlook of the people are dependent on the socio- political scenario. Moreover, the differences in the genders are based on the perception and response of the same in different social situations. The different responses that were recorded during the study have helped the researcher in understanding the differences in the cultural afflictions. The assessment of the different characteristics in women and men will be helping to understand the roles that are played by the same in the society. The key elements that were identified during the research is based on the assessment of the different responses created by the genders. The utilization of the questionnaire will be helping the researcher in identifying the different concerns that are faced by the women and men through an assessment of their viewpoints. The unbiased nature of the sampling and calculations has helped in supporting the unbiased outcome. The key aspects that might be discussed as a part of the assessment is based on the differentiations of the approaches that are reflected through the activities of male and females in a particular social structure. The identification of the different activities and the systematic approach that are undertaken by the researcher has helped the same in maintaining the efficacy of the operations. The key changes in the approach are based on the social and political circumstances that are faced by the genders.

Therefore, the research clearly exhibited the manner in which the genders influence social inhibition. The differences in the behavior of the genders more specifically the coy of the girls and bashful or heroic approach of the boys are being evaluated as a part of the research. On the other hand, the approach and behavior of the respondents are being recorded as a part of the study in order to understand the influence of genders on social inhibition. The research also exhibited the importance of temperament and the manner in which it influence the responses of the genders in different social situations. The interactions that are undertaken by the genders are being recorded as a part of the research in order to determine the level of dissimilarity among the genders.    

References

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Chaplin, T. M., & Aldao, A. (2013). Gender differences in emotion expression in children: A meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 139(4), 735.

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Meyers-Levy, J., & Loken, B. (2015). Revisiting gender differences: What we know and what lies ahead. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 25(1), 129-149.

Van der Graaff, J., Branje, S., De Wied, M., Hawk, S., Van Lier, P., & Meeus, W. (2014). Perspective taking and empathic concern in adolescence: Gender differences in developmental changes. Developmental psychology, 50(3), 881.

Walker, O. L., & Henderson, H. A. (2012). Temperament and social problem solving competence in preschool: Influences on academic skills in early elementary school. Social Development, 21(4), 761-779.