Essay On Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design In Performance Management.

Discuss about the Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design.

The performance management is an important part of any organization. The employees are ready to perform only when they receive good reward or motivation to perform. The employees consider the appraisal as the most crucial practice of performance management. This is considered to be the most indispensable part of the organization. The practice continues to generate dissatisfaction among the employees. Most of the times it is viewed as unfair and unproductive.  The report analyses the perception of the employees in the organizations in Nigeria. It is a developing country therefore the organizations in that region are not equipped with an adequate plan of performance management (Jain & Gautam, 2016). The organizations are required to be more innovative in their approach. When a comparison was done between the organizations that have a good system of performance management and the ones that did not had a proper system of the same it was found that the employees was happy and gave more production in the organizations that considered the performance management to be an important part. The employees requires motivation to do their task which they can get only from the training programs, incentives, rewards and ranks and appraisals. This is the reason it is important for them. The study concentrates on the research that was conducted on the employees in order to understand their perception on performance management. The research methodology that has been used in this case is the qualitative method that is the interview. In order to analyse the data the use of primary as well as the secondary resources have been employed (Ohemeng, Amoako?Asiedu & Obuobisa?Darko, 2018).

The performance management has remained an unending and continuous process in an organization. The organizations took the effort to make a continuous research to find the ways that could motivate the employees to perform better, and to find ways to control it. The major question that arises in this case is what is the perception of the employees regarding performance management? There are diverse view on the performance management. It is important to understand the relation between the performance of the employees and the goals of the organization. The question that will be studied in this particular assignment is how the employees of Nigeria perceive the performance management and the effects on the staff performance in the organization (Merriam, 2015).  The performance of an employee solely depends upon their own will and not on the compulsion. The study intends to make an extensive research of the same and provide solution of different questions related to the perception of the employees and the performance system management system of the organization (Lewis, 2015). The study highlights the two main questions;

Case Study Method

a). What are the perceptions of the employees towards the result of the performance  management in the organization?

b). Are the employees are satisfied with the outcome of the performance management in the organization?

In this report a random sampling method has been used to collect the data of the respondents that was recorded during the interview.           

In this particular study the data has been used by using the qualitative method. This includes the in-depth interviews. In this case the interview of the employees of one organization in Nigeria has been taken that included nearly 100 employees. The use of this methods can be implemented by a researcher depending on the research problem. The researcher needs to keep in mind the outline of the research design. The researcher will aim at acquiring the necessary data about the performance management system of the organization. Apart from this the case study method has been used in this study. In this the six sources has been observed, that is the documents, archival records, direct observation, physical artifacts and the observation of the participant. In this the case study of the employees of an organization in Nigeria has been taken into account (Taylor, Bogdan & DeVault, 2015). The data collection method has been divided into primary data and the secondary data. The primary data is collected by the researcher who is conducting the research. It is recorded as the first hand data. The secondary data collection is the collection of the data that has been already recorded in the form of scholar journals or articles. The analysis of this data is done by keeping in mind the views that has been already expressed by the scholars and the researchers previously. The primary data aids the researcher to get the acumen of the participant whereas the secondary data is the documented data that is used in the literature review section. In this particular research the use of both the methods has been done. The interview is used as the primary method and the profile of the organization, the past record of the organization, the process and procedures that is practised in the organization has been practised can be stated as the secondary source of the data (Cleary, Horsfall & Hayter, 2014).

The use of the case study method is used to understand the research questions. It evaluates the happenings of the real world situation. According to Smith (2015), the data collection in the case study is one of the most significant activities in the process as it enables to understand the richness and the depth of the study and most importantly what will be read and researched can be understood with the help of this method. The insight approach of the researcher towards the factors that are necessary for the perception of the employees are important in this method. The researcher in this explores an in depth program or event of one or more individual in the organization of Nigeria where the research has been conducted. The process that is included in the case study is the analysis of the process or the practice, interpretation of the meaning and the interaction on within the process (Hancock & Algozzine, 2016).

Ethical Consideration

It is categorized under the qualitative method of data collection. The conversation is between the interviewer and the participants. In this the questions are asked to the participants in order to get the information about the point of view of the participants. There are three types of qualitative interview: those are structured, unstructured and semi-structured. Out of these three options the semi-structured interviews are the most suitable form of interview. It consist of open-ended and descriptive questions. It enables the participant to answer according to their flexibility. The open-ended questions empowers the interviewer to comprehend the world as perceived by the interviewee without predetermining the viewpoints through a prior selection of the categories of the questionnaire. It is because of this that the respondents are able to convey their opinions and their ideas about the performance management in the organization. This brings out an effective answers to the research questions. In this case the interview has been taken of the employees in an organization in Nigeria. The objective should be clearly stated while taking the interview. The questions asked during the interview should not be irrelevant to the objective of the research (Brinkmann, 2014).

It is an important part while doing the research. The person conducting the research shall maintain the ethics. He should be honest and transparent. The person should make efforts to conduct a genuine research and produce a genuine report of the research. While conducting the interview the researcher should keep the identity of the participant a secret. The participant might not want to reveal his identity. Apart from this the respond should be recorded in a transcript so that that the data cannot be tampered. In case the respond is not recorded there is a chance that the researcher might add some points to it that might not be considered to be genuine view. This is the reason the respond should be recorded. It will be easier for the researcher to transcribe, interpret and analyse the data (Haggerty, 2016).

The final part of the research is the analysis of the data that has been collected. The main focus of this is the understanding and determining the perception of the employees of the performance management in the organization. The data analysis can be of both quantitative and qualitative forms. The in this study the use of qualitative method has been made use. Further while undertaking the analysis of the data a thematic analysis has been undertaken. The theme of the thematic analysis includes the concept related to the topic of research. The analysis of the interview will begin after the researcher will converting the recordings of the interview that is done with the respondents. The researcher will analyse the recordings of the interviewees and their opinions will be take into consideration. The researcher will use the themes and codes in order to establish their perception. The final step would be to integrate the different views of the participants and to reach to a conclusion of the exploration (Kratochwill, 2015).

References

Brinkmann, S. (2014). Interview. In Encyclopedia of critical psychology (pp. 1008-1010). Springer New York.

Cleary, M., Horsfall, J., & Hayter, M. (2014). Data collection and sampling in qualitative research: does size matter?. Journal of advanced nursing, 70(3), 473-475.

Haggerty, K. (2016). Ethics creep: Governing social science research in the name of ethics. In Engaging with Ethics in International Criminological Research (pp. 29-51). Routledge.

Hancock, D. R., & Algozzine, B. (2016). Doing case study research: A practical guide for beginning researchers. Teachers College Press.

Jain, S., & Gautam, A. (2016). Employees’ perception towards performance management system: A study of selected PSUs of Uttarakhand. International Journal in Management and Social Science, 4(3), 235-245.

Kratochwill, T. R. (2015). Single-case research design and analysis: An overview. In Single-Case Research Design and Analysis (Psychology Revivals) (pp. 13-26). Routledge.

Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Health promotion practice, 16(4), 473-475.

Merriam, S. B. (2015). Qualitative Research: Designing, Implementing, and Publishing a Study. In Handbook of Research on Scholarly Publishing and Research Methods (pp. 125-140). IGI Global.

Ohemeng, F. L., Amoako?Asiedu, E., & Obuobisa?Darko, T. (2018). The impact of employee perception on the successful institutionalisation and implementation of performance management systems in developing countries: The perspective from Ghana's public service. Public Administration and Development.

Smith, J. A. (Ed.). (2015). Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods. Sage.

Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.