Television Content Analysis: Genres And Programming Essay.

You are required to conduct a qualitative content analysis on a visual product such as a film, TV programme, paintings or photographs.

Your analysis should demonstrate a careful, detailed, systematic examination and interpretation of the content of the product. Your task is to identify: Patterns, Themes, Biases and Meanings in the content you are studying. 

Film, Transfer and Plot as part of the Program

When analyzing television program texts, the timing of plans, frames, or plots is usually used. The possibilities of modern computer programs are such that the success of content analysis depends almost exclusively on the art of the researcher. Unfortunately, to obtain a meaningful result, not only a large sample is needed, but also a measurement of a significant number of parameters, which requires the costly work of several observers on video recording (Baños, 2018).

1). Film: title, director, scriptwriter, film studio, year of release, number of parts (for a movie) and time in minutes (for a video); sometimes also indicated the source of funding and the category of the film (art, short, documentary) and the authors of dubbing for imported products. The authorship of the film and the year of release is established by the text after the badge (in the film itself, the authorship of the phonogram should be indicated after the badge (on the package or in the film itself, if it is duplicated (the author of the synchronous text and the dubbing director).

2). Transfer: title, author, TV company, year of issue; date, time and channel of the first broadcast (premiere).

3). The plot as part of the program (reportage, news information with commentary on the spot): the names of the journalist (correspondent) and the operator of the TLC, the place of shooting, the name (logo) of the television company (Blake, 2016).

Creating a particular TV project, the producers rely primarily on television genres. Today, the genres of television products are actively developing and modernizing. And next to the traditional genres there are new unique television projects.

Benefit - a game entertainment genre associated with a winning display of a single remarkable personality (for example, an actor or a politician), almost completely replaced by a clip.

Conversation - the genre of analytical journalism, dialogue, sometimes using film or photo documents (short stories), usually not turning into a discussion. The conversation exists in two forms - dedicated to a specific socially significant topic or involving people whose very appearance on the screen attracts the audience. On modern TV is often included in a talk show.

Briefing is a genre (genre variety) of informational journalism, meaning an open transfer of the official point of view or information (original or subjectively processed) to the authority (from its press center or authorized representative) about an event or socially significant phenomenon to open QMS through specially invited journalists . May be of a closed nature, not intended for live broadcast. The questions are usually not asked (Chu and Chu, 2015).

Television Genres: Benefit, Conversation, Briefing, Speech, Hyperrealism, Discussion, Documentary, Commentary, News, Essay, and Satire

Speech (in the frame) is a monologue on a socially significant topic. The genre of information or analytical journalism. Typical examples of the genre are the performance of a politician or commentator (observer) in connection with an event or its coverage, an obituary for the death of a socially significant person by his companion, the New Year's address of the President to the people of the country (da Silva and de Lucena, 2015).

Hyperrealism - a new derivative on the basis of the word "realism" actually turned into a term with the development of animation techniques in the production of television screensavers, video clips and films such as "Terminator" or "Jurassic Park" - the synthesis of an artificial video using powerful computer graphics. Hyperrealism - a style in which entertainment is enhanced by the combination of real images and computer graphics (usually a living actor in the virtual world) (Fu and Xiang, 2016).

Discussion is a genre of analytical journalism, usually with the participation of a leading and no less than two carriers of contrasting points of view on a socially significant problem (Esslin, 2017). Since the discussion is most often broadcast without a video series, entertainment depends on the leader's professionalism in selecting participants, preparing the problem, and the ability to improvise during the conversation (Klos, et al., 2015). A variation of the debate are the debates. On modern TV is often included in a talk show.

A documentary is the main form of the existence of a genre of documentary (also non-fiction) cinema. Documentary should be based on the shooting of genuine events and it is this genre that is the ancestor of all the others in the on-screen art. However, film documents by themselves, no matter how unique the footage and the events depicted, require effort to give them entertainment and the effect of credibility: editing, mixing, commenting and combining genres to create a dramatic composition.In theory, there are several branched and interwoven directions of documentary literature.

A commentary is a genre of analytical journalism, a kind of performance in a frame or an offscreen commentary for a particular video series, in connection with a particular event or problem. It is broadcast in the form of an independent separate program or is part of the program dedicated to the socially significant problem. Currently, it is widely used for interrupting news information. Correspondence is a genre of analytical journalism, in contrast to a reportage or a note (a story or information) - necessarily containing an analytical commentary as an integral part. There are two forms - an event (quickly becoming obsolete) or a problem (Hill, 2014).

Television's Impact on Viewer Psychology

News. In principle, the delivery of news information is a standard method. But in fact, news is given not in its pure form, but with analysis, which formally turns them into an object of copyright and enhances entertainment. Denominations of non-technical nature are usually agreed with specially authorized representatives of the official body (Opree. and Kühne,  2016). The entertainment of the genre is not high, and therefore they resort to it only in connection with significant social and political events of a protocol nature. The essay is a genre of literature, cinema and TV, based on the creation of an artistic image by documentary means (Roberts, 2014). As a genre of TV - refers to artistic journalism. Bounded with thematic or portrait correspondence, it is distinguished by authorship.

Can serve as a form of journalistic investigation or, on the contrary, as a road essay. Satira - in the past - a group of genres mostly a feuilleton and a pamphlet), is now a way of displaying reality, used in many genres to maintain the acuity of perception and expansion of the audience. Using the evil sarcastic humor to create the superiority of one part etc. The Western elite of politics, sports, business and show business basically prefer not to file lawsuits against the media even in case of slander, so as not to reduce their rating even more, but in Australia - on the contrary, the rating of the media increases even in Today, television is the most mass communication channel and one of the major factors affecting the personality. Most people easily fall under the influence of television images. This is due to the specifics of the television exposure (the use of two channels at once - visual and auditory, various manipulative technologies), and on the other hand, television viewing is one of the most preferred ways of spending time.

The filling of the air with telecasts of a certain type, the dominance of certain certain genres and themes of telecasts has a significant impact on the psyche of viewers. Television forms a "reasonable person", "a political man", "a person playing", "a musical person". In our study, we carried out an analysis of the programs of the telecasts of five TV channels: in 2005 and 2013. The goal was to determine the changes in the broadcasting grid in 8 years. The content analysis was the method of research (Salvatier, et al 2016). The object is television Australian channels. The subject of the study is the content of the TV program of the programs.

Content Analysis of Australian TV Channels

The sample was the TV programs of the TV channels "First", " The unit of analysis was the number of programs in these periods.

The grid (or structure) of broadcasting is a set, a combination of headings, cycles, series and one-off programs located in a weekly time in a definite, constant sequence, providing a variety of themes, genres, sections and taking into account the interests of different categories of viewers, including age, sex, and political Tv commentaries. interests. The grid of broadcasting can vary depending on the season, the conduct of major campaigns, as well as in connection with holidays and tragic events. So, the grid of broadcasting on weekdays differs from the grid on weekends, when more attention is paid to cognitive and entertaining programs (Scarborough,and McCoy, 2016).

Conclusion

All television programs were classified by us into the following types: information, movies, serials, entertainment, socio-political, documentary, sports, music, children's, religious programs.

Compared with 2005, in 2013, the number of news releases on the "First Channel" increased. Significantly decreased the number of serials and entertainment programs. Musical and sports programs in general have ceased to go on the air (Tsay-Vogel and Krakowiak, 2017). The number of TV programs, programs for children, documentaries and public policy programs also decreased. On the TV channel news releases still prevail. However, in comparison with 2005 in 2013, the number of entertainment programs has almost doubled. The number of serials, children's programs, documentaries, socio-political and music programs has not changed significantly.

References

Baños, R., 2018. Translating reality TV into Spanish: when fast-food TV challenges AVT conventions. Perspectives, pp.1-18.

Blake, J., 2016. Television and the second screen: Interactive TV in the age of social participation. Routledge.

Chu, C.F. and Chu, C.C., 2015. RTHK TV programming and scheduling under nowadays TV markets. University of Hong Kong Libraries.

da Silva, W.S. and de Lucena, V.F., 2015, October. Teaching digital TV programming for engineering students: An industry oriented proposal. In Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE), 2015 IEEE (pp. 1-4). IEEE.

Esslin, M., 2017. The age of television. Routledge.

Fu, H., Ye, B.H. and Xiang, J., 2016. Reality TV, audience travel intentions, and destination image. Tourism Management, 55, pp.37-48.

Hill, A., 2014. Reality tv. Routledge.

Klos, L.A., Greenleaf, C., Paly, N., Kessler, M.M., Shoemaker, C.G. and Suchla, E.A., 2015. Losing weight on reality tv: A content analysis of the weight loss behaviors and practices portrayed on The Biggest Loser. Journal of health communication, 20(6), pp.639-646.

Opree, S.J. and Kühne, R., 2016. Generation me in the spotlight: Linking reality TV to materialism, entitlement, and narcissism. Mass Communication and Society, 19(6), pp.800-819.

Roberts, J.S., 2014. System and method for targeted mobile ad delivery based on consumer TV programming viewing habits. U.S. Patent Application 13/844,480.

Salvatier, J., Wiecki, T.V. and Fonnesbeck, C., 2016. Probabilistic programming in Python using PyMC3. PeerJ Computer Science, 2, p.e55.

Scarborough, R.C. and McCoy, C.A., 2016. Moral reactions to reality TV: Television viewers’ endogenous and exogenous loci of morality. Journal of Consumer Culture, 16(1), pp.164-191.

Tsay-Vogel, M. and Krakowiak, K.M., 2017. Exploring viewers’ responses to nine reality TV subgenres. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 6(4), p.348.