Public Transport System Essay: Stakeholders, Sub-Systems, And Improvements.

Consider a public transport system comprising a bus service, a train service and a tram service.

It exists to serve the population of a city.

1. Identify the key stakeholders of the system.

2. Identify what the system is for from the perspective of each of the stakeholders. Write these as a set of requirements from each perspective.
   
   
3. Identify at least 3 subsystems of this system, and construct a high-level system hierarchy diagram. 

4. Consider the “bus” in this public transport system. Identify at least two containing systems to which the “bus”, as a system, contributes. Show the bus as an element simultaneously of both of these containing systems in a diagram. A well-constructed diagram is sufficient to answer this part.

5. For each of the containing systems, list, as bullet points, the contribution that the bus needs to make. Identify any conflicts in the contributions required by each of these containing systems. 

6. Construct a trade study value system that may be used to address these conflicting requirements.

7. Construct a context diagram for the bus in the public transport system, clearly indicating all the key interfaces to other systems.
   
   
8. Considering these interfaces, identify some of the functions that the bus, as a system, must perform to satisfy the requirements of the interface. 
   
   
9. Reflect on the above and identify the key systemic issues that you addressed. (Half a page, bullet points). 

Identification of the key stakeholders of the system

1.Identification of the key stakeholders of the system (Camacho Foth and Rakotonirainy 2013).

2.Responsibility of the system from the perspective of the stakeholders:

3.Identification of the sub-system for this system along with the construction of a high-level system hierarchy diagram:

4.Consideration of the bus in the public transport system along with the identification of the containing systems to which the “bus” as a system contributes:

5.

6.Trade study value system for the purpose of addressing the conflicting requirements:

The steps include the decision making which is the process of selecting an alternative for the selected process. This generally occurs during the planning phase of the project along with last moment decisions, which often proves to be very much successful. The diagram shows the various procedures involved in the making of the decisions, which will also be minimizing the various inefficiencies along with the redundancies (Locatelli Mancini and Romano 2014). These is an idealized process along with this it also provides the description about the ways in which a decision is to be taken for an ideal world and what are the ways in which it is described in the official documents. The processes in the real world are not in an ordered form.

Another process is the Applied Systems Analysis which is the use of the rigorous methods for the purpose of assisting in the determination of the optimal plans, designs and solutions for the large scale problems by making use of the analytical methods. This system mainly focuses on the various uses of the methods, different concepts along with the relation that exists between the problems and the various ranges of the available techniques (Buede and Miller 2016). There are multiple solutions for a single solution. The final solution is decided depending upon the cost and valuation along with the feasibility of the technique.

7.Context diagram for the bus in the public transport system (White 2016), which helps in clear identification of the other key interfaces, which are indicated, to the other systems:

8.Some of the functions that are related to the bus transportation are as follow:

• Scheduling: many of the transport services run between specific time services. This can be very much helpful from the prospective of the user. On the other hand, it can be stated that it is very much difficult to achieve this due to the factor of breakdown, traffic management problem (de Oña et al. 2013). Predictable effects such as rush hour time between the morning and the evening can affect it very largely. The provision of duplicate buses can be helpful in the modification purpose to the extent of number of passengers that can be accompanied in that time framework.
• Fixed infrastructure: Bus services have directly implemented many types of infrastructure, which can be very much helpful in many of the suborned and urban areas (Zhong et al. 2014). The large interchanges have been required for the building of the bus stations. The most basic example in this scenario is the ubiquitous bus stops.
• Management: The reliability and the level for the bus service is often quality of the traffic congestion and the population density. Increasingly technology is being used for the sector of the improvemen6 provided the user of the bus service. The vehicle tracking technology can be used for the purpose of improvement provided from the prospective of the users of the bus (Farahani et al. 2013). The vehicle tracking to assist the process of scheduling. This displays the service information at the stops, inside the bus and the waiting area of the passengers.

9.The main issue, which can be raised, is the relation between the process and the service, which is serviced to the customers. This can be identified with the impact it has on the service, which is provided to the customer. It involves the proper orientation of the framework of the transportation service, which is given to the customers. This directly incorporates the way the service is being provided to the users of the bus service. The contributions and the results have been identified here along with providing the details of the various conflicts. The roles and responsibilities have been highlighted here for the purpose of providing a better service for the customers as expected by them. The quality of the service that is being provided acts as one of the major factor responsible for the development. Considering the bus, it can be said that areas which are having a high access needs to have an improvement in the operation performance which can be done by improving several factors which includes thing like the reliability on the bus service, safety, comfort and many more. 

References: 

Bataille, M. and Steinmetz, A., 2013. Intermodal competition on some routes in transportation networks: The case of inter urban buses and railways (No. 84). DICE Discussion Paper.

Buede, D.M. and Miller, W.D., 2016. The engineering design of systems: models and methods. John Wiley & Sons.

Camacho, T.D., Foth, M. and Rakotonirainy, A., 2013. Pervasive technology and public transport: Opportunities beyond telematics. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 12(1), pp.18-25.

de Luca, S., 2014. Public engagement in strategic transportation planning: An analytic hierarchy process based approach. Transport Policy, 33, pp.110-124.

de Oña, J., de Oña, R., Eboli, L. and Mazzulla, G., 2013. Perceived service quality in bus transit service: a structural equation approach. Transport Policy, 29, pp.219-226.

Farahani, R.Z., Miandoabchi, E., Szeto, W.Y. and Rashidi, H., 2013. A review of urban transportation network design problems. European Journal of Operational Research, 229(2), pp.281-302.

Locatelli, G., Mancini, M. and Romano, E., 2014. Systems engineering to improve the governance in complex project environments. International Journal of Project Management, 32(8), pp.1395-1410.

Lovan, W.R., Murray, M. and Shaffer, R. eds., 2017. Participatory governance: Planning, conflict mediation and public decision-making in civil society. Routledge.

Vigar, G., 2013. The politics of mobility: Transport planning, the environment and public policy. Routledge.

White, P., 2016. Public transport: its planning, management and operation. Taylor & Francis.

Zhong, C., Huang, X., Arisona, S.M., Schmitt, G. and Batty, M., 2014. Inferring building functions from a probabilistic model using public transportation data. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 48, pp.124-137