Designing An ATM System: Use Cases, Ethical Considerations - Essay.

• Describe (in a one to two (1-2) page narrative) a use case, complete with typical and alternate courses, that documents the event of a bank customer withdrawing money from an ATM. 
• Illustrate the use case using Visio or a similar product.
• Describe (in a one to two (1-2) page narrative) a use case dependency for making an account deposit. Illustrate this use case with Visio or a similar product.
• Describe (in a one to two (1-2) page narrative) a use case dependency for making an account transfer. Illustrate this use case with Visio or a similar product.
• Identify and explain at least one (1) ethical issue that the use case exposes in connection with the development or use of the ATM system.
• Research and cite at least three (3) authoritative academic sources.
• Be typed, double-spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
• Include charts or diagrams created in Excel, Visio, MS Project, or one of their equivalents such as Open Project, Dia, and OpenOffice. The completed diagrams/charts must be imported into the Word document before the paper is submitted

• Summarize the various requirements modeling techniques.
• Create a use case based on relating functional requirements.
• Analyze and articulate ethical, cultural, and legal issues and their feasibilities among alternative solutions.
• Use contemporary CASE tools in process and data modeling.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in systems analysis and development.
• Write clearly and concisely about Systems Analysis and Development topics using proper writing mechanics and technical style conventions.

The ATM Use Cases

An automated teller machine is an electronic telecommunication device which are used by banks or other money-dealing organizations in order to server their clients or customers. A bank ATM (Automated Teller Machine) is one that helps its customers to interact with the bank and fulfill their purposes even without the need to visit the bank premises. In this report, an ATM system will be designed for a retail bank keeping in mind the basic functionalities that it demands (Bishnoi, 2013). This will include options to deposit, withdraw and transfer amounts for the respective customer account. The ethical considerations for the system shall also be discussed in later course.

The ATM Use Cases

People are meant to insert their valid ATM cards into the system and then perform particular operations on their respective accounts. The process starts off with the client’s ATM card insertion and a session is maintained throughout. The session use case is a crucial part of this entire process. If the reader fails to read the details from the card, the card is ejected out and a proper error message is displayed, which immediately stops the session (Narteh, 2013). A session can also be ended by the system if a wrong PIN is entered for more than three consecutive.

This will also send a notification to bank’s server and the account might be suspended on the grounds of suspicious activities. However, on successful ending of any transaction, the user will be asked to collect a receipt of the same and change the PIN. The user can however choose to cancel a transaction at any point of time, depending upon the stage of advancement of the process.

ATM Cash Withdrawal

This is one of the most important use cases of any ATM system. The ATM was primarily invented to serve for this very purpose. Considering that the card is valid and has been accepted by the system, the user will be presented with the options menu. Here the user needs to choose Money Withdrawal option. On proper option selection, the user will be required to choose the type of account that the card corresponds to (Savings or Checking account). The card holder can then enter the amount of money that he or she wishes to withdraw from the respective amount. Then, the user needs to type in the 4 digit PIN for the ATM card through the numeric keypad attached to the ATM machine. The bank’s server side application will validate the PIN, as mentioned in the above paragraph.

ATM Cash Withdrawal

Once the above process is completed, the ATM’s client server will try to communicate with the server side module from the bank’s end. At the bank’s server-side system, there will be a thorough check of the gathered data and also whether the requested amount is withdraw-able from the account or not. Accordingly, the bank will send an acknowledgement back to the client-end system and the ATM will either dispense the cash out for a successful withdrawal or will display appropriate error messages (Wang et al., 2012).

If a successful withdrawal takes place, the bank account will be debited off the necessary amount, considering the internal policies and charges. The ATM server will now check if there is enough cash available at its storage and choose the right denominations based on an enhanced programming algorithm. However, if there is not enough cash in the ATM machine, a message of grievance will be displayed and the session will be terminated. The bank will also be notified of this.

Through this module the users are allowed to deposit money into their respective bank accounts using their ATM card itself. The session can be started in the same process as mentioned in one of the previous parts of the report. To deposit cash into the system, the user will need to choose the type of account first and then select “Cash deposit” from the main menu. On proper selection, the user will be prompted to enter the PIN code and respective validation will be done as stated previously. On successful identification of the card and the account, the ATM client will communicate with the bank’s server end to fetch the necessary data required to go on with the transaction.

Once confirmed, the user will be asked to enter the amount of money that he wishes to deposit and then deposit the cash of proper denominations into the cash collector pocket of the ATM. The system will verify whether the notes are valid and sum up to the right amount. If any discrepancy is observed, the cash will be expelled out through the cash dispenser and appropriate message will be displayed on the screen. On successful acceptance of the cash, the ATM will notify the bank server of the same and the required amount will be promptly credited to the account (Oluwatosin, 2014).

ATM Money Transfer

Through this feature, the card holder can transfer necessary amount of money from the respective account to another, depending on the bank’s policies. The user will need to choose the account types of both the banks and then enter the Account number and the IFSC code of the recipient account and further enter the amount to be transferred. The bank server will validate the amount and will also validate the recipient account details. Once the validation is complete, the transaction will take place, where the particular amount will be debited from the user’s account and transferred to the recipient’s.

ATM Cash Deposit

Ethical Issue

According to Oko & Oruh, (2012), there are tons of reporting in the media everyday about ATM thefts and vandalism. Frauds nowadays can stoop to any level for their motif. Technically, they can harm the account of an individual even without accessing the personnel’s card directly.

ATM skimming is the new trend in ATM threats. The bandits secretively peeps into the ATM vestibules and install a small camera overviewing the keypad and a manipulated card reader on top of the ATM’s actual reader (Bond et al, 2013). These gadgets record every details of the incoming users and the bandits can later use these data to replicated the cards and use them for transaction. Banks and officials from the police are working hard to resolve such cases and spread awareness among the general mass to avoid such scams (Odusina, 2014). This is one of the gravest ethical issues about ATM system usage.

Conclusion

Designing an ATM system can be challenging enough without addressing all the necessary needs of the bank and its customers. From the above report, it can hence be concluded that money withdrawal, deposit and transfer are few of the most important use cases of any ATM system. Keeping the ethical considerations in mind, the bank and the people too should be more aware than ever as this involves a major threat to financial security.

References

Bishnoi, S. (2013). AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF CUSTOMERS'PERCEPTION REGARDING AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE IN DELHI AND NCR. Integral Review: A Journal of Management, 6(1).

Bond, M., Choudary, O., Murdoch, S. J., Skorobogatov, S., & Anderson, R. (2014, May). Chip and Skim: cloning EMV cards with the pre-play attack. In Security and Privacy (SP), 2014 IEEE Symposium on (pp. 49-64). IEEE.

Narteh, B. (2013). Service quality in automated teller machines: an empirical investigation. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 23(1), 62-89.

Odusina, A. O. (2014). Automated Teller Machine usage and Customers Satisfaction in Nigeria. Global Journal of Management And Business Research.

Oko, S., & Oruh, J. (2012). Enhanced ATM security system using biometrics. International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), 9(5), 352.

Oluwatosin, H. S. (2014). Client-server model. IOSRJ Comput. Eng, 16(1), 2278-8727.

Petrlic, R., & Sorge, C. (2013). Establishing user trust in automated teller machine integrity. IET Information Security, 8(2), 132-139.

Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Sheu, P. C. Y., Li, X., & Guo, H. (2012). The formal design model of an automatic teller machine (ATM). In Breakthroughs in Software Science and Computational Intelligence (pp. 263-287). IGI Global.