Essay: Management Of Innovation And Technology Transfer - A Discussion.

Categories of Technological Management of Mobile Commerce

Discuss about the Management of Innovation and Technology Transfer.

The “innovation” is the process by which the new ideas are generated to gain successful “services and products”. The innovation in any technology has been referred to as the conjoining of operations, strategy and technology. The Apple’s I Phone has been unveiling the technology and media enthusiasts to respond the criticism and pros and cons of the latest gadgets (Nolan, Mitchell & Doyle-Baker, 2014). These have been slated to strike the store shelves in the coming future.

The significant aims for mobile commerce in Apple industriy’s technical innovations have been required to get analyzed. Their impacts on Apple industry has been a serious matter of consideration. Various recommendations have been required to make the further development of Apple on the basis of researches.

The following report spelt out the method of innovation in Apple’s mobile commerce. The technology is amalgamated with innovation for future focus. The categories in this section along with their effects and objectives are also discussed.

The M-commerce or the “mobile commerce” is the method of buying and selling goods and services. It is performed by the wireless devices handheld. Ever since original I Phones have hit the store shelves, Apple has efficiently controlled in developing the latest technologies to the next generation models of I Phone. This has kept the cycle of refreshment strong (Brandt, 2017). This has also made the consumers excited about this new age models. The newly released have been accompanied by the innovative and new technologies. This has increased the bar of technology for Apple globally. The influence of Apple within the industry of smart-phone has been immense.  The significant instances of these involve the “Personal digital assistants” or PDAs and obviously the cellular phone of Apple. This had made the user to explore the internet without worrying about plug in (Hemmelskamp, Rennings & Leone, 2013). However, every innovations of this type are created in the similar fashion. The most impactful m-commerce strategies of innovation have been opted out according to the kinds of innovation generated. This has been helping to built the different “risks and rewards”. The generic kinds of m-commerce innovation have been as follows:

In this type of innovation the Apple has been always excelling. A clearly defined obstacle and a reasonably better understanding to sole them are done here. As Steve Jobs envisioned I-Pd first in the market, it was a simple device just to store a thousand songs in the pocket. This indicated that specific amount of memory has been required to adjust in certain dimensions. These have been some hard barriers that took several years in solving (Hemlin et al., 2014). However, it has been clear what was included and who has been able to solve them. Disruptive Innovation has been introduced by Clayton Christen in his popular book, “The Innovator’s Dilemma”. This has been the latest approaches to the traditional services and products. However, it has a tendency to service poorly on the predefined parameters like the digital cameras taking lousy pictures.

Sustaining and Disruptive Innovation

The radical innovations have been embodying latest technologies. This resulted into a new infrastructure on the market. This type of innovation indicates something innovative and new for the human beings. This delivers important technological breakthroughs and has been creating new knowledge (Silvestre, 2014). However, most of the innovation of Apple has been instrumental has they has been built on the current products and deliver less improvements. The incremental latest product comprises of the refinement, enhancement and adaptation of the already existing products.

Apple reached the figure of 988.15 million by selling its I Phone products. As the sales is been considered to be about 40 million products per quarter, it has been announced that the figure was 404. During a calling session with the investors, Tim Cook claimed a “very successful” product launching of the I Phone SE. The popularity of it has been noted in both the emerging and developed markets (Hoffman & Offutt, 2015). This was the first time among the buyers of I Phone. He pointed out at India has a promised land for their market claiming the sales of I Phones has been up to 50 percent in that country. Further the company has possessed a huge stronghold in Russia, Japan and Turkey in the third quarter. Further he noted that Apple has observed a “record number” of switchers of Android for its innovation strategies. The decrease in the sales of I Phone revenue and sales during the third quarter of the past century has come ahead of the company’s expectations. The introduction of the next-generations phones resulted in this downfall (Ensign et al., 2014). The device called I Phone 7 has followed the naming scheme of I Phone. It has been rumored that the device acquires latest storage tiers, removal of the 3.5 mm sound jack for headphone and updated camera systems. This package highly resembled the physical design of the I Phone 6.

However, Apple was the first to pass the selling of 1 billion IOS devices back to back in the years of January 2015 and 2016. It was announced that Apple possesses a billion active devices in total. This also induced I Pad, Mac, Apple Watch, Apple TV and iPod touch.  The products of the company other than I Phone continuing the same strategies of innovation made up a small percentage of the full one billion devices relatively (Zhang & Gallagher, 2016). This was reported on last January. Apple has already sold nine hundred million of I Phones at that time.

Milestones Achieved by Apple through I-Phone Products

The mobile innovation of Apple industry has been significantly useful to gain the desired aim for its development. The speeding up of work has been done efficiently. The technology has helped to deliver risks quickly. The gadgets upheld the rise in speed of the tasks and its outcomes. High profit is also gains. The technologies possess the tendency to serve higher profit for every user. The work efficiencies are also increased in return. Higher productivity has also been gained with high profits. The quick access to data is also done. As the mobile technology of Apple has been becoming more popular, the sending and processing of information has become smoother and easier than before (Davenport, 2013). Further, the communication has also developed. The communications through wider distances is not an obstacle any more.

The cheapest of the latest I Phone products cost 700 dollars unsubsidized. Even that there has been no such term as cheap I Phone in the market. Unlike the users of other mobile companies, the I Phone users of Apple have been continuously spending huge dollars on the life of their phone. This also includes the money spent on the accessories, applications and the cell-phone, bills, that has been higher than the Android counterparts (Williamson, Lounsbury & Han, 2013).

For exploiting the market potential of m-commerce, the handset manufacturers of Ericsson, Motorola, Qualcomm and Nokia has been working with carriers. This included the Sprint and AT&T Wireless in create WAP- enabled phones. The delivery of content over the wireless devices of I Phone of Apple became faster, scalable and secured. As a result there have been speculations that the mobile commerce of Apple would surpass the e-commerce area. The m-commerce has become an option for the transactions of digital commerce (Gornitzka & Metz, 2014). The management approaches of the industries include the financial sectors at first. This includes the mobile banking where the clients has been using their handheld machines to get access to the accounts and paying bills. It also comprises of the brokerage services where the stock quotes are displayed. The trading is conducted from that handheld device. The telecommunications are also affected where the bill-payment, account reviews and service changes are been conducted from that particular device ("Upward mobility | Accenture Outlook", 2017). The retail and the service sectors also got affected because the consumers have been provided with the scope to locate and pay for the orders on-the-fly.  Moreover, the information services also got affected including the delivering of the sports figures, traffic updates and financial news within a particular mobile device.

Innovation Affecting the Organizational Management Approach

The changes in technology have generated large impacts in Apple. It has also improved the needs for the diplomatic, managerial and social skills. The concomitant needs are also enhanced from the new “decision making models” which was not accommodated by the present structure of the firm. The amount of competition in market and uncertainty has increased. There has been a requirement for more diversified culture and huge quality in the products and services of Apple (Maredia et al., 2014). There is also an increase of the complicacy of the policy reforms with the external legislatives. The changes in these sections have provoked the answers from Apple within its structure with the staffs and customers. This change has also forced to alter the primary managing functions. In order to organize the outcomes there has been increase in responsibilities for the management of Apple. These have added emphasis on the planning, control, coordination and decision making. These have been dependent on the “management science” techniques that were computer based. This has also demanded huge intellectual ability of the Apple’s managers (Maredia et al., 2014). It has also produced strains on the staffs and managers of Apple. It has also affected potentially to the outcome, morale and productivity of Apple. The change also placed its influence positively over the individual values that has been rising by time. The brain and heart of the decision making is needed to be considered. All these have been combined with the process which is more rational to the decision making.

The business models of Apple are integrated unlike the Microsoft and Google who undertook the modular approach. After Steve Jobs resigned, he was replaced by the CEO of Pepsi, John Scully. This story became testament for many fashion of management. Previously they had been focusing on the innovations. After that the concentration was made on the current product lines and efficiency.

Apple has been recognized for its patents that have been detailed but most often try to hide the product plans. This has been done with in-depth technicality. Apple has been protecting the present product line-up from some sneaky copycats.    However, many of Apple’s patents outline efficient and fascinating technologies in which Apple has been interested in or working on. This has shown where the products could be taken in future. The recommendations for Apple’s Innovation in m-commerce have been as follows:

The success of m-commerce has been outstandingly effective in Apple. The technology has gone through every facet of the daily life, education, research, and government sectors of the nation (Johnston & Marshall, 2016).

The park infrastructures of some “science and technology” have been generating problems.  Extra investments on the primary scopes could be curtailed.

Using incubators, the inward investment can be done. This has been the only example where the careful planning has outcome in the positive effects of economy (Liu & Liang, 2013).

Various innovation and entrepreneurship of Apple has been settled in the mediocre and lower incoming nations. Hence the innovation at every stage of progress addresses the problems specifically at the context of such developing nations.

Conclusion:

Thus the advantages of the innovation of m-commerce in Apple have been discussed. This has resulted in the presence of the technology continuously. This has been also achieved by the diffusion of the sells as demanded by the market. The recommendations mentioned above might include positive hope for the further development of the nation. There has been a huge reliability on the strategy of the “management science” which has been “mobile-based”. It has also demanded in the huge intellectual ability of the managers of Apple. It has also created strains on the managers and the individuals. Despite this, it could be debated about the influence of the technological change by the manager’s quest has been concerned. The technology has affected potentially to the productivity, output and morale of Apple industry. The possible impacts of the changes within the mobile technology of Apple have generated loyalty. This has occurred among the profession of individuals working in Apple rather than to the whole of the organization of Apple.

References:

5 Years Later: A Look Back at the Rise of the iPhone. (2017). comScore, Inc. Retrieved 9 April 2017, from https://www.comscore.com/ita/Public-Relations/Blog/5-Years-Later-A-Look-Back-at-the-Rise-of-the-iPhone?cs_edgescape_cc=US

Brandt, M. (2017). Infographic: The Rapid Rise of Mcommerce. Statista Infographics. Retrieved 8 April 2017, from https://www.statista.com/chart/822/retail-mobile-commerce-sales-in-the-us/

Davenport, T. H. (2013). Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press.

Ensign, P. C., Lin, C. D., Chreim, S., & Persaud, A. (2014). Proximity, knowledge transfer, and innovation in technology-based mergers and acquisitions. International Journal of Technology Management, 66(1), 1-31.

Gornitzka, Å., & Metz, J. (2014). European institution building under inhospitable conditions–The unlikely establishment of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology. Building the knowledge economy in Europe: New Constellations in European research and higher education Governance, 111-130.

Hemlin, S., Allwood, C. M., Martin, B., & Mumford, M. D. (2014). Creativity and leadership in science, technology, and innovation. Routledge.

Hemmelskamp, J., Rennings, K., & Leone, F. (Eds.). (2013). Innovation-oriented environmental regulation: theoretical approaches and empirical analysis (Vol. 10). Springer Science & Business Media.

Hoffman, C., & Offutt, B. (2015). Travel Innovation and Technology Trends 2015.”.

Johnston, M. W., & Marshall, G. W. (2016). Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge.

Liu, H., & Liang, D. (2013). A review of clean energy innovation and technology transfer in China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 18, 486-498.

Maredia, M. K., Shankar, B., Kelley, T. G., & Stevenson, J. R. (2014). Impact assessment of agricultural research, institutional innovation, and technology adoption: Introduction to the special section. Food Policy, 44, 214-217.

Nolan, M., Mitchell, J. R., & Doyle-Baker, P. K. (2014). Validity of the Apple iPhone®/iPod Touch® as an accelerometer-based physical activity monitor: a proof-of-concept study. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11(4), 759-769.

Silvestre, B. S. (2014). Capability accumulation, innovation, and technology diffusion: Lessons from a Base of the Pyramid cluster. Technovation, 34(5), 270-283.

Upward mobility | Accenture Outlook. (2017). Accenture.com. Retrieved 8 April 2017, from https://www.accenture.com/us-en/insight-outlook-upward-mobility.

Williamson, J. M., Lounsbury, J. W., & Han, L. D. (2013). Key personality traits of engineers for innovation and technology development. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 30(2), 157-168.

Zhang, F., & Gallagher, K. S. (2016). Innovation and technology transfer through global value chains: Evidence from China's PV industry. Energy Policy, 94, 191-203.