Exploring Organisational Behaviour And Human Resource Management Through Published Academic Essay.

The task is to explore topics and themes within Organisational Behaviour (OB) and Human Resource Management (HRM) and critically analyse their emergence in published academic articles from highly- ranked journals within the ABS rankings.

Importance of Organizational Leadership

The entire essay will throw light on analyzing the organizational leadership approach which will be beneficial in analyzing the different kinds of positive aspects which can be followed by the different organizations in order to make the functions more effective in nature. The main aim and purpose of the essay is to analyze the importance of the leadership in the organizations for managing the employees.

The four articles will be analyzed which will provide an outline on analyzing and understanding the different kinds of approaches of leadership which is being adopted by the employers in motivating the employees. The various types of leadership will be discussed along with the different research techniques which are being used in the article to understand the survey methods which have been utilized.

The organizational leadership is also a proper attitude along with work ethics which helps in empowering the individuals in any kind of role to lead from middle, top along with bottom of the organization in an efficient manner. The main aim and purpose of the essay is to analyze the importance of the organizational leadership on the excellence of the business in a positive manner. The main aspect of the leadership which is being followed by the different organizations is to meet the three challenges. Firstly, the challenge is related to analyze the shared vision wherein the organization is heading along with the purpose of the organization.

Secondly, the other challenge is to set the different objectives which is being converted the strategic vision along with the directional course of action which will be effective in nature. Lastly, the other challenge is providing the strategic direction which can be generated along with developing strategy which will help in determination of achieving the different objectives.

The four articles constitute the different kinds of the potential of the different leaders in the organization will be discussed. The four different articles contribute the importance and effects of the leadership on the success of the organization. The first article is regarding the critical leadership studies which will be improving the creativity of the organization. The second article helps in analyzing the potential of the leaders in organizations with the help of the consensus model. The third article relates to the importance of ethical leadership with the help of the multidimensional measure effectively. Lastly, the fourth article analyzes the innovative behavior of the transformational and transactional leaders which provides importance on psychological empowerment.

The major outline of the essay is to analyze the overall importance of the organizational leadership in different organizations which will be improving the overall effectiveness of the performance in the organizations effectively. Lastly, the different approaches of the articles is required to be analyzed which will provide a brief outline on the importance of leadership which will help in managing the overall efficiency of the firm.

In the literature review, there will be comparison of the four articles based on the organizational leadership which will be mainly focusing on the leadership aspects along with the relation of the same with the increase in the productivity of the employees and organization as well. The main aim and purpose of the literature review will be to analyze the depth, scope, perspective along with relevance of the different articles with the respective topic organizational leadership.

Challenges in Organizational Leadership

In the first article, main focus is on the correlation between the leadership and the process of decision-making. The article mainly posits negative kind of critique of the leadership which leads to the resistance to change among the employees working in the organization. Alvesson and Spicer (2012), have commented that leadership is the vital aspects in business, public administration along with the non-profit sector as well. The leadership is one of the catch all solution for the different problems which will be appropriate for solving the issues in a positive manner. The main argument and scope in the articleare relating to the influence of the leaders on values and emotions of the employees working in the organizations. There are different approaches of the leadership which affects the entire productivity of the organization negatively and this leads to resistance to change among the employees.

Furthermore, Dries and Pepermans, (2012), have claimed that the happenings of the organization are required to be analyzed in such a manner which is dependent on the kind of leadership. Pieterse et al. (2010), have opined that in the contemporary organizations, this can be noticed that power of leadership is wherein this allows the different managers to try to experience their mundane activities and the leaders in the companies feel that they are of major importance in the organization. On the other hand, Kalshoven, Den Hartog and De (2011), have commented and opined about the different development along with validation of multi-dimensional ethical leadership at work. The different validation of the positive and negative employee relationships and commitment in the workplace have been considered in the respective article.

The major contribution of the first article is to focus mainly on the different kinds of negative consequences which are implicit in the leadership theory along with practice which is affecting the overall style of the leadership in the present scenario. The article has tried to focus mainly on providing and suggesting the different kinds of structures and procedures which will help in playing a pivotal role in pursuing the different goals of autonomy in collective kind of project. The leadership entails re-labelling management to make it more updated in nature and this will create huge influence on the employees in a positive manner.

The issues and the gap which have been identified in the article is relating to the dark assumptions of the leadership in the different organizations. The major criticisms were leading to the consequence that the employees are resistant to the change which will be affecting the overall productivity of the organizations in a negative manner. There has been anxiety among the followers which affected the overall efficiency of the firm negatively. There can be inclusion of the different kinds of dark approaches of the leadership which affected the different kinds of approaches in a negative manner.

On the other hand, the second article focuses mainly on identifying the potential of the leaders which plays a vital role in achieving the goals of the organizations. Dries and Pepermans (2012), have opined that the main analytical skills which are necessary for becoming a successful leader. The major scope of the article is the strategic insight and decision-making skills are the major factors which makes the leaders more assertive and this provides them with the ability to cope up with the complexities. Alvessonand Spicer (2012), have opined that the strategic insight is the other aspect which is mandatory in nature in managing the different individuals.

Four Analyzed Articles

Moreover, this has been noticed that the major difference between the first article and second article is that the first article dealt with the dark side of the leadership style which affects the morale of the employees. However, in the second article, Pieterse et al. (2010), have hypothesized the different contextual factors which helps in describing the potential of the leaders in the organization. Kalshoven, Den Hartog and De (2011), have opined there are different kinds of ethical leadership behavior which are required to be maintained in the workplace in order to meet the different demands of the employees in an efficient manner. The ethical leadership is required to have a positive impact on the attitudes and ethical conduct of the employees which will increase the overall productivity of the organization as well.

The major contribution and the value of the respective article is relating to the potential of the leadership style which will be playing a major role in increasing the engagement of the employees working in the organization. The article has discussed and identified the potential of the leaders which is a strategic imperative in nature in order to make the formal leadership development. The potentials of the leaders should be made the trend which will address the different avenues for the future research.

Furthermore, the main focus is on the abilities and potential of the leaders in the organization are the emotional intelligence and the adaptability which will increase the learning agility of the leaders. On the other hand, the second article, there are different limitations wherein it is unclear in nature to understand the leadership traits which can be taken into consideration by the leaders or the managers working in the organization.

On the other hand, the gaps which have been identified in the article is relating to the extent to which the potential leader will be able to deal with increasingly complex information, decisions and problems. Furthermore, from the article this is not clear that till what extent the factors affecting the leadership attitude will be based on the traits of the leadership which are being followed in the organizations. The adaptability is the major factor which is required to be analyzed in such a manner which can affect the overall productivity in a negative manner.

Moreover, there is a different view on the third article as the main focus is on the survival of the organization which is similar to the first article. The main approach which has been taken into consideration is on the transformational leadership style which is helpful in engendering the follower innovative behavior. The main approach and scope which has been taken into consideration is the relationship between transformational and transactional leadership style. Alvesson and Spicer (2012), have commented that the transformational leadership and the innovative behavior is of great significance to the organizational effectiveness along with the survival.

Kalshoven, Den Hartog and De (2011), have commented ethical leadership begins with the proper understanding of along with commitment to the core values of the leaders. The ethical leadership requires the quality along with ability to frame the actions which will provide and articulate the vision to the organization effectively. Furthermore, there are different kinds of insights wherein this will provide the needs for moral guidance which will be beneficial for the overall success of the organization. Due to the implementation of the ethical leadership, the ethical leaders will monitor the overall performance which will ensure compliance with the standards effectively.

Literature Review

The major attribute and contribution of the respective article is analyzing the innovative behavior of the different employees which will be creating substantial value for the different organizations. The ethical leadership has been provided with huge importance which is being followed by the leaders in organizations, however on the other hand, the transactional leadership is scarce and inconsistent in nature which is affecting the psychological empowerment of the organization in a negative manner.

The respective gap which has been identified in the article is relating to the sample of the study which is the major limitation as the different organizations did not feel that the ethical leadership is not mandatory to be maintained in the different organizations. There are different employees in organizations in which this has been mentioned that validation is the continuing process that affects the overall productivity in a positive manner. However, on the other hand, this has been seen that ethical leadership is not effective as ethical leadership is the growing field and this can create both negative and positive effects on the organization.

In the fourth article, there is a similarity with the third article which focused mainly on the different approaches of leadership which should be followed by the organizations. Alvesson and Spicer (2012), have opined that the ethical leadership is the major approach which is required to be adopted by the organizations to reduce the ethical dilemmas. There has been inclusion of the linkage of the organizational ethics and the ethical leadership as both of them plays a vital role in putting forth the social learning-based theory trough proper decision-making skills which will be increasing the potential of the leaders. There is a linkage between the potential of the leaders and the ethical leadership as this reflects the entire aspect on the organizational performance.

Moreover, Alvesson and Spicer (2012), have commented that ethical leaders working in the organizations should heightened the awareness of the different ethical implications of the decisions and actions and this in turn will make the ethically appropriate behavior and decisions. The major scope of the article is to provide the judgment of the leadership and ethical judgments for making the fair decisions which will be beneficial for the success of the organization appropriately. There are different laws and regulations which are required to be followed by the ethical leaders to form the own ethical evaluations.

The major contribution of the article is mainly focusing on ethical leadership is of huge importance in the present scenario wherein this helps in ensuring compliance with complex code of morals along with creation of the moral codes which will improve the overall ethicality of the leadership which is required to be followed in the organizations as this will be helpful in creating employee discretionary workplace behaviors. Lastly, in the respective article the major gap is relating to the set of the survey methods wherein there is little ambiguity which can affect the direction of relationships. There are different examples of the companies wherein there is no such ethical behavior which is being followed as the actions of the leaders are not effective and this affects the overall actions of the different departments in a negative manner.

The method which have been selected in the first article is relating to the qualitative method in which there has been usage of the in-depth case studies and different forms of the linguistic analysis which provided multiple understanding on the concept of leadership. The different interpretative approaches to the leadership have come into range in different forms which affected the overall applicability of the leadership in organizations. The data has been collectedfrom the analysis of the different literature review, this has been seen and identified that there are few private firms wherein the negative leadership approaches are being followed which is creating negative impact on the success of the organization. Moreover, from the different methodological protocols, this has been made clear that there are power and domination which is associated with leadership which relates to the institutional and ideological conditions in organizations.

Furthermore, in the second article is relating to the quantitative methodology in which the different kinds of online surveys have been taken into consideration in a free-flowing manner for analyzing and collecting the numerical data appropriately. Through the online surveys, this has been noticed that degree of consensus about the leadership potential have been developed in such a manner which will be beneficial for the analyzing the real-lifeparameters. The process of data collection is such that wherein the total of 179 respondents have been considered who were the ones to take part in the online survey in an effective manner. As regards to the educational qualifications, this was being noticed that 23% of the individuals have the high school degree and more than 14% of the individuals have the postgraduation degree. With the proper implementation of the descriptive analysis, the standard deviation and correlation analysis have been considered which played a major role in identifying the different results of the individuals effectively.

Furthermore, apart from the online surveys, there was inclusion of the other assessment methods for analyzing the viewpoints of the different employees working in the organization. In order to understand the kind of performance of the employees working in the organization, there was inclusion of the 360-degree feedback system which included the different kinds of behavioral aspects of the different employees working in the organizations along with gaining knowledge on their viewpoints of potentiality of the leaders working in the organizations and guiding the employees as well. In the third article, there has been inclusion of the qualitative and quantitative research methods wherein the online surveys along with gaining knowledge from the literature have been considered for the respective procedure in an efficient manner. The entire sample and the procedure have helped in approaching the innovative kind of behavior which helped in rating the different employees through their supervisors in the organizations.

With the help of the surveys which are being sent to the employees through internal mail is one of the techniques which has been adopted and the survey was conducted among 425 employees working in different kinds of organizations. All the employees who were targeted were in hierarchical position along with strong educational background. From the surveys, this was being noticed that transformational leadership gained the huge significance which helped the organizations in improving their potential to complete the different tasks appropriately. Lastly, in the last article of ethical leadership, the methodology which was being used in the article is relating to both qualitative and quantitative in nature along with the pilot test.Through the application of the different literatures, the different kinds of studies which focused mainly on the analysis of the ethical leadership which is essential in nature.

With the assistance of different recruited participants, there have been online surveys in which the ELW scales have been considered with the help of the psychometric tests along with good construct validity. There are different variances of tests wherein the survey have been considered which is inclusive of the different analysis of the leadership and follower relationship.The ethical leadership approach has been rated on the basis of the different judgements with the application of the Reidanbach and Robin’s scale which helped in managing the overall viewpoints of the different employees effectively.

Conclusion

Therefore, from the above comparison of the four articles on the organizational leadership, this has been noticed that organizational leadership plays a vital role in the organizations which helps in managing the different employees in a unique manner. Through the different scope and the considerations of the different articles, this was being noticed that proper and effective leadership is of huge importance in managing the different employees working in the organization along with maximizing the overall efficiency to achieve the organizational goals. Moreover, with the effective transformational leadership, there can be inclusion of the proper guidance which will be beneficial for achieving the goals effectively and there is increase in the motivational aspects which helps the employees in becoming more appreciated towards the different tasks performed by them.

However, in the present scenario, this has been noticed that coordination is the main aspect through reconciling the personal interests which will be the primary motive of the leader in order to perform the different kinds of activities in an appropriate manner. However, there are different unethical activities which are being seen and noticed in the working environment that is affecting the overall work environment in a negative manner. Furthermore, the potentials of the leaders are required to be analyzed in such a manner which will be beneficial for the overall success of the firm due to the effective leadership approach.

From the respective articles, this can be learnt that leadership is one of the vital aspects which is required to be considered that will improve the overall effectiveness of the organization positively. The leaders need to develop integrity and be honest individual by guiding the employees which will be essential for management appropriately. From the articles, the difference between the transactional and transformational leaders has been analyzed which will be helpful in influencing the behavior of the followers working in the organization.

Furthermore, the importance of ethical leadership is other major approach wherein the performance appraisals are required to be done which will help in improving the overall skills of the employees in a positive manner. In order to develop ethical leadership approach in the organization, this is the duty of the employer in the organization to become the ideal member in which this will be appropriate for managing the employees ethically. Lastly, the potential of the leaders plays a major role in such a manner that will help in understanding the different kinds of aspects of managing and involving the employees positively.  

References and Bibliography

Alvesson, M. and Spicer, A., 2012. Critical leadership studies: The case for critical performativity. Human relations, 65(3), pp.367-390.

Ashkanasy, N.M., Becker, W.J. and Waldman, D.A., 2014. Neuroscience and organizational behavior: Avoiding both neuro?euphoria and neuro?phobia. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(7), pp.909-919.

Becker, T.E., Atinc, G., Breaugh, J.A., Carlson, K.D., Edwards, J.R. and Spector, P.E., 2016. Statistical control in correlational studies: 10 essential recommendations for organizational researchers. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 37(2), pp.157-167.

Carpenter, N.C., Berry, C.M. and Houston, L., 2014. A meta?analytic comparison of self?reported and other?reported organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(4), pp.547-574.

Deichmann, D. and Stam, D., 2015. Leveraging transformational and transactional leadership to cultivate the generation of organization-focused ideas. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), pp.204-219.

Dries, N. and Pepermans, R., 2012. How to identify leadership potential: Development and testing of a consensus model. Human Resource Management, 51(3), pp.361-385.

Kalshoven, K., Den Hartog, D.N. and De Hoogh, A.H., 2011. Ethical leadership at work questionnaire (ELW): Development and validation of a multidimensional measure. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(1), pp.51-69.

Klotz, A.C., Bolino, M.C., Song, H. and Stornelli, J., 2018. Examining the nature, causes, and consequences of profiles of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(5), pp.629-647.

Pieterse, A.N., Van Knippenberg, D., Schippers, M. and Stam, D., 2010. Transformational and transactional leadership and innovative behavior: The moderating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of organizational behavior, 31(4), pp.609-623.

Wang, X.H., Fang, Y., Qureshi, I. and Janssen, O., 2015. Understanding employee innovative behavior: Integrating the social network and leader–member exchange perspectives. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(3), pp.403-420.