Analyzing The Impact Of Climate Change On Five Environment Pillars In Canada

Impact on Housing Pillar

In recent times for various kinds of environmental as well as artificial reasons, the climate of the whole world is changing very drastically. This change in the climate affects all of the dimensions of the world differently. The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of the change in climate in five environment pillars in Canada. In this study, the selected five environment pillars are housing, designing the neighbourhood, active transportation, food systems, and the maintenance of the natural environments. Based on the analysis, the best probable ways to solve all of the climate-changing issues in every environment pillar will be recommended to increase the overall safety of all of the people living in Canada.

Climate change mainly impacts the first healthy built environment pillar, which is the housing of Canada, by two major types of risk factors. These are the physical risks and the transition risk. Physical risks are simpler to assess than transitional dangers, while immediate physical risks seem more capable to find than prolonged physical threats (Berardi & Jafarpur, 2020). Annually, nations are hit by cyclones, flooding, earthquakes, and many other catastrophic events, all of which pose serious bodily dangers. Such risks have also always existed for individuals and corporations, and health insurers have traditionally been outside the profession of valuing them. Environmental change is likely to cause the incidence and magnitude of certain well-known hazards in various parts of the world. The severity of such immediate physical harm will alter as a consequence of climate change, but just not the type of danger. Furthermore, the share of the severe risk of physical harm ascribed to climate change most accurately corresponds to the additive danger of natural catastrophes associated with climate change. This denotes each and every rise in the occurrence and severity of catastrophic events above the previous average (Seddon et al., 2021). In actuality, participants would have to discover methods to deal with everything in whichever natural catastrophes occur, despite worrying about categorizing the harm as ordinary or measurable.

In the case of transition risk, climate change impacts the housing of Canada in the following ways. Companies could face greater expenses and lawsuit concerns as laws and international policies around changing climate develops. Further weather restrictions may be added to building regulations. Vancouver, for instance, began imposing solar panels and wind turbines across all proposed housing structures with upper floor or fewer in 2020. Energy prices have indeed been proposed for decades, but still, no state now levies those (Smith et al., 2020). If considerable carbon tariffs are imposed inside the coming, the dollar value of electrical construction materials may rise. Energy consumption monitoring regulations might be tightened, putting a strain on developers and owner occupants with an outdated Ventilation system. Tighter restrictions may also necessitate costly upgrading in older properties, comparable to expenditures associated with environmental cleanup. Manufacturers may be obliged to swap more electricity construction materials for current matrix composites to law, modifications in local regulations, or market demand. Contractors may be obliged to use innovative building technics. Each of these modifications is costly and entails some level of experimentation. Unanticipated and abrupt fluctuations in power bills may fundamentally alter the estimate of the economics of construction purposes and maintenance.

Impact on Neighborhood Designing

The two major impacts of climate change in neighbourhood designing are Disaster Planning and Infrastructure management. Calgary flooding in 2013, Fort McMurray wildfires of 2016, as well as the 2017 river flooding in southern Quebec all show that costly and disastrous huge catastrophes could be for communities, as well as the enormous devastating impact that may exact on citizens (Cox et al., 2019). Changing climate increases the likelihood of increasingly severe crisis natural disasters such as hurricanes and burning. It also raises the likelihood of numerous catastrophes occurring in a full season. The environment is becoming more varied and intense as a consequence of climate change, making catastrophe preparation and response even more difficult. The Prairie Climate Institute developed a series of studies for such municipalities of Ottawa and Vancouver on urban adaptability, vulnerability, and environmental degradation (Berry et al., 2018).

In infrastructure Management, City living is heavily reliant on amenities such as electricity, indoor plumbing, and vehicles. So many of these demands are subject to adaptation. Communities along Canada's coastline are exposed to getting into the water that they carry with them but the risk of floods and other more powerful storms and devastating waves. Furthermore, variations in climate-changing and fluctuations might endanger towns by bringing both far too much and just enough precipitation. Much less spectacular, the daily hazard of greater excessive wear due to prolonged climatic changes affects metropolitan infrastructure facilities. Engineering teams construct the municipal system to support regional rainfall patterns. Climatological fluctuations can surpass planning estimates, diminishing the life of both the architectural design. Temperature increases, for instance, may weaken concrete, causing highways and infrastructure to be worn out faster. Freshly suggested design parameters have begun to consider environmental issues, but they have failed to become a fundamental aspect among most neighbourhood designing (Zscheischler et al., 2018). To confront the new climatic realities, existing infrastructure and transit linkages will need additional upkeep and making considerable upgrading. Current environment techniques to planning and constructing these infrastructures may lessen weather sensitivity while also economizing, increasing wellbeing, and constructing more disaster resilience.

Walking or cycling for transport systems is recognized as one of the best environmental modes of active transportation. However, the overall impacts on mobility-related Emissions of CO2 are complicated and understudied. Experimental Data was gathered on transportation activities in several Canadian regions, and the resulting product lifecycle CO2 outputs throughout methods and objectives are shown. Daily mobility-related lifespan cycled CO2 emissions averaged 3.2 kgCO2 per adult, with vehicle transport accounting for 70% and bicycling accounting for 1%. Bike riders emitted 84 percent less CO2 over their complete lifespan than non-cyclists (Glazener & Khreis, 2019). Life span CO2 emissions lowered by 14% for every increased bicycle tour and by 62% for every saved automobile journey. An individual who is shifted methods' from automobile to bike reduced life cycles CO2 production by 3.2 kgCO2/day. Supporting active transportation ought to be a foundation of plans to achieve decarbonized objectives, especially in metropolitan regions, even while enhancing overall health and wellbeing.

Impact on Active Transportation

Climate change has an impact on road building, which has a direct impact on walking or cycling for transportation. As the temperature rises, the road may deteriorate and extend. This might also result in deformations and cracks, particularly in high areas, as well as strain on structure connections. Extreme heat might thus hinder construction activities, particularly in damp areas. As a result of these changes, the cost of building and maintaining roads would rise. Reduced precipitation and fewer freezing temperatures, one on each extreme, may assist save money and motorization in some areas because lower temperatures reduce winter weather clearing as well as seasoning requirements (Chan et al., 2019). Climate change is projected to intensify cyclones by concentrating precipitation. Drowning can occur as a result of rainfall, which can disrupt traffic, create construction delays, damage or wash away the earth and drainage ditches that support highways, footpaths and bridges. Increased cold weather, on the other hand, will reduce the need for aviation de-icing. Excessive rains and flooding may cause delays in air travel throughout the spring. Climate change increases the frequency and volume of diverse everyday active transportation by these calamities. Milder temperatures are anticipated to result in less snowfall, which might provide for pleasant conditions for active transportation (Levin et al., 2020). All of these are causing issues with active transportation, defined as walking or cycling for transportation. As a result, climate change and walking and bicycle transportation are linked and influenced by one another.

There are different types of impacts of climate change found in the food systems. The two major impacts are the impact on food production and food processing. Climate factors like monsoons get a direct effect on agriculture by influencing water supplies and streams that are frequently controlled by irrigated as well as other flood control methods (Blay-Palmer et al., 2018). Additional weather elements that could have an influence on food supply and, therefore, agriculture include groundwater, wildlife, land erosion, aquaculture, and atmospheric CO2 fertilization, all of which have an influence on nutritive food standards. According to some studies, changes in climate could present possibilities for Canadian agriculture. Some parts of Canada, for instance, may see an extended summer season and a longer external grazing period for cattle, which may also boost food output. Climate forecasts, on the other hand, indicate an added danger of famine in several parts of Canada (Loboguerrero et al., 2019). Future consequences from invading pests and illnesses, as well as logistic interruptions, may place a strain on Canadian nutrition. On a worldwide scale, any beneficial consequences of climate change are projected to somehow be considerably overshadowed either by negative impacts upon that food supply chain.

Food preparation is the development of primary food ingredients into prepared foods employed in preparing meals or immediately ingested by consumers. Because its activities involve cleaning, sanitizing, and food preparation which is eatable, the agriculture sector does indeed have a direct relationship to people's wellbeing (Clapp Newell & Brent, 2018). There has been little study on the effects of global warming upon that commercial food business, both internationally and in Canada. Data proves that rising temperatures may interrupt the steady availability of critical supplies and supplies for cutting operation and also that climate changes may cause actual damage to user interface allows. This industry is crucial to crop production because it supports the main characteristics of supply, affordability, and usage.

Impact on Food Systems

Various changes in different environmental factors are being observed for the changing of climate in Canada (Crippa et al., 2021). The two major impacts are the increase in temperature and the increase in forest fire. The severe heat that would likely predominate in Canada is located between the causal factors of several climatic occurrences. Heavy rainfall has been occurring over the Plains and elsewhere on the West Coast since people have previously observed it. Hyper refers to something that is beyond the norm again for the given place (Steiger et al., 2019). Within the springtime, Vancouver may reach temperatures of roughly 22 degrees C. Towns' transport systems are frequently developed around with a region's atmosphere, and residents may be unprepared for unusual weather.

Forest fires are also on the rise as a result of severe temperatures. Canada possesses 9% of something like the globe's woods, and 38% of its territory is occupied by trees. As a result, Canada is particularly vulnerable to devastating wildfires (Turcotte et al., 2019). Studies conclude that global warming will lead to a rise in wildfires in Canada by exacerbating three main aspects: constructing the dry, humid temperatures necessary to initiate forest fires, increasing thunderstorms, and increasing the strong winds that believe and expand wildfire. Despite wildfires having such a natural purpose in helping to regenerate ground as well as rebalance organisms, the extraordinary frequency and severity of wildfires caused by global warming is a concern for varied purposes. For starters, in addition to the migratory birds that perish due to these flames, settlements located near woods are ripped apart as a result of these fires (Cunsolo & Ellis, 2018). Whenever confronted with wildfires, the people and houses that were already are indeed frequently devastated. In this way, climate change impacts the overall other environmental factors.

From the above study, it can be concluded that the different types of factors are affected differently by the changes in climate in Canada. This has created various kinds of risk factors in all of the environmental pillars in Canada. So to decrease these risk factors and increase the safety of the people living all across the Canada it can be recommended that based on the above analysis the government and the local people have to make their rescue plan based on different types of issues. After that they have to exsiccate all of the plans in proper time of disaster and decrease the risk factors in time. Therefore like this way all of the risk factors arising due to climate change can be analyzed and solved by making proper preparations.

References

Berardi, U., & Jafarpur, P. (2020). Assessing the impact of climate change on building heating and cooling energy demand in Canada. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 121, 109681. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S136403211930886X

Berry, H. L., Waite, T. D., Dear, K. B., Capon, A. G., & Murray, V. (2018). The case for systems thinking about climate change and mental health. Nature climate change, 8(4), 282-290. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0102-4

Blay-Palmer, A., Santini, G., Dubbeling, M., Renting, H., Taguchi, M., & Giordano, T. (2018). Validating the city region food system approach: Enacting inclusive, transformational city region food systems. Sustainability, 10(5), 1680. https://www.mdpi.com/296708

Chan, F. T., Stanislawczyk, K., Sneekes, A. C., Dvoretsky, A., Gollasch, S., Minchin, D., ... & Bailey, S. A. (2019). Climate change opens new frontiers for marine species in the Arctic: Current trends and future invasion risks. Global change biology, 25(1), 25-38. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.14469

Clapp, J., Newell, P., & Brent, Z. W. (2018). The global political economy of climate change, agriculture and food systems. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 45(1), 80-88. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03066150.2017.1381602

Cox, R. S., Hill, T. T., Plush, T., Heykoop, C., & Tremblay, C. (2019). More than a checkbox: engaging youth in disaster risk reduction and resilience in Canada. Natural Hazards, 98(1), 213-227. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-018-3509-3

Crippa, M., Solazzo, E., Guizzardi, D., Monforti-Ferrario, F., Tubiello, F. N., & Leip, A. J. N. F. (2021). Food systems are responsible for a third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions. Nature Food, 2(3), 198-209. https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-021-00225-9

Cunsolo, A., & Ellis, N. R. (2018). Ecological grief as a mental health response to climate change-related loss. Nature Climate Change, 8(4), 275-281. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0092-2

Glazener, A., & Khreis, H. (2019). Transforming our cities: best practices towards clean air and active transportation. Current environmental health reports, 6(1), 22-37. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40572-019-0228-1

Levin, L. A., Wei, C. L., Dunn, D. C., Amon, D. J., Ashford, O. S., Cheung, W. W., ... & Yasuhara, M. (2020). Climate change considerations are fundamental to management of deep?sea resource extraction. Global change biology, 26(9), 4664-4678. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.15223

Loboguerrero, A. M., Campbell, B. M., Cooper, P. J., Hansen, J. W., Rosenstock, T., & Wollenberg, E. (2019). Food and earth systems: priorities for climate change adaptation and mitigation for agriculture and food systems. Sustainability, 11(5), 1372. https://www.mdpi.com/422494

Seddon, N., Smith, A., Smith, P., Key, I., Chausson, A., Girardin, C., ... & Turner, B. (2021). Getting the message right on nature-based solutions to climate change. Global Change Biology, 27(8), 1518-1546. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.15513

Smith, P., Calvin, K., Nkem, J., Campbell, D., Cherubini, F., Grassi, G., ... & Arneth, A. (2020). Which practices co?deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification?. Global Change Biology, 26(3), 1532-1575. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/gcb.14878

Steiger, R., Scott, D., Abegg, B., Pons, M., & Aall, C. (2019). A critical review of climate change risk for ski tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(11), 1343-1379. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13683500.2017.1410110

Turcotte, B., Burrell, B. C., Beltaos, S., & She, Y. (2019, May). The impact of climate change on breakup ice jams in Canada: State of knowledge and research approaches. In Proceedings of the 20th Workshop on the Hydraulics of Ice Covered Rivers, Ottawa, Canada, available at: https://cripe. ca/publications/proceedings/20 (last access: 20 July 2020). https://www.cripe.ca/docs/proceedings/20/Turcotte-et-al-2019.pdf

Zscheischler, J., Westra, S., Van Den Hurk, B. J., Seneviratne, S. I., Ward, P. J., Pitman, A., ... & Zhang, X. (2018). Future climate risk from compound events. Nature Climate Change, 8(6), 469-477. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0156-3