Grid Modernization In Canada: Challenges, Strategies, And Recommendations

The Need for Grid Modernization

Discuss About The Evidence Chinese Manufacturers Management.

Being at the critical infection point is one of the most dangerous positions that a country should think of occupying at one particular time. However, the case is seen in Canada. Most of the electricity infrastructure in Canada is tending towards the life expectancy hence prompting its moving close to the infection point (Mann, 2012). There is a need for coming up with a proper solution that will help in dealing with the whole challenge. The grid has to undergo a certain degree of renewal in addition to modernizing it. The result will be a smart grid which is primarily a modern electric system. The network makes use of sensors, monitors, communicators, and computers to facilitate the improvement of flexibility, security efficiency, safety and reliable electricity system. Such activity will be of much importance in pushing for reliability, low costs and promoting a sustainable power supply in the near future (Li et al, 2010). Carrying out the activity within the next 20 years will cost the government approximately $350billion. However, it is essential to understand that such a cost will not be in vain as it plays a significant role in offering a lasting solution to the deterioration facing the utility assets in the country. Failure to take up the challenge will cause a substantial increase in the electricity rates that is to be experienced. The prices will be approximately 20% higher in the year 2035 compared to the year 2013. There is a need for a systematic approach that will guide in embracing the new technology, and that will be in a position to cater to the rapidly increasing demand.

The changing events in the society are gradually influencing the expectations the customers have towards the utility providers regarding the socially, economically and environmentally related sustainability (Watson, Boudreau & Chen, 2010). As a result, they tend to push for innovation that will be experienced through the modernizations of the grids. The response from the utilities has to be positive, and they are already setting strategies that will ensure the whole modernization process becomes a success.

The key drivers that serves as their guidance include the desire to cause a decrease in the greenhouse production in the atmosphere (Brown & Zhou, 2013). Apart from that, the utilities are up to ensure that there is resiliency by the system despite the changing climate conditions and the weather gradually rising to extreme levels. The empowering of customers to ensure that they play a more primary role in providing that the electricity system is appropriately shaped also serves as one of the significant drivers to ensuring that innovation is achieved at the end of the day (Schwab, 2017). The cost is a significant factor that has to be considered in any industry. There is a need to ensure that the cost remains to be low for the continued optimum production of the company (McCarthy et al, 2012). The utilities are motivated by such a factor and are working to see that there is maximum containing of the costs and the production rates remains to go high every other day.

Key Drivers of Grid Modernization in Canada

Strategy is one of the most certain ways of ensuring that excellence is achieved at the end of the day. The grid modernization also called for being strategic to be in a position to influence most lives in the society in addition to shaping the functionality of the electricity system to being in operation. The Canadian Electricity Association played a significant role in influencing the method that was embraced in carrying out the innovation process. The society will at most times demand change that has to be embraced for their better living. The Local Distribution Companies have to work to ensure that their response to such demands are excellent and build satisfaction among the customers. The distributed generation has also to be properly facilitated apart from ensuring that electric vehicles are appropriately distributed all over the nation. The working of the Local Distribution Companies makes use of different assets. The assets occupy a significant section of the budget to be catered for through the year. Hence, there is a need for optimizing on their use. The innovation will ensure that methods are devised and that they will provide effective use of such assets at any time that they will be needed. Apart from making use of the assets, there is always a possibility of faults occurring in the instruments being used. Failure to recognize such errors at an early stage will significantly influence the proper operation of the company and might lead to significant losses being incurred at the end of the day (Reason, 2016). The innovation process by the utility providers has paid a considerable focus on ensuring that the detection of such faults is done excellently and mitigation that comes after that to embrace high levels of professionalism.   

The factors that will influence excellent grid modernization and the better strategies have been proposed. Recommendations have to be made to the government that should be implemented to ensure that the Local Distribution Companies find it easy to work on innovation and offering of better services progressively. There is a need for adequately aligning the goals and priorities that are to be achieved by the different companies all over the nation (Nelson, 2013). The national organizations can play a significant role in pushing for such alignment to be completed. They have to facilitate the organization strategic forums where the companies will speak out their goals and agree on what is to be prioritized in the first place and what step will form the peak of the innovation process. Regulations have to be set regarding the working methods. Policies are of much importance in ensuring that proper management is achieved (Wheelen & Hunger, 2011). The policymakers have to, therefore, set the right plans that are in line with the agreed facts and that will provide the set visions and mission is achieved.

Strategies for Successful Grid Modernization

Motivation is of much importance in ensuring that one directs full efforts in achieving a particular purpose in the society (Anantatmula, 2010). Benefits of the grid modernization can significantly motivate the different companies to direct extra resources. United working can be achieved by setting a national approach that will focus on setting the right implementation benefits to realize the benefits in addition to methods that will help proper watching of such benefits (Posavac, 2015). Apart from Canada, several other companies have also been out to achieve the electricity innovation. Some countries did employ the right strategies and managed to reach the set targets. There is too the need to note that some companies did make minor errors and later applied the right solution to go around the error caused. Canada has sufficient opportunity in attaining such benefits from partner countries during events such as the International Energy Agency’s International Smart Grid Action Network in addition to several other multinational forums. The innovations do also call for making use of finances (Drucker, 2014). Some of the projects call for spending lots of funds not in a position to be attained by growing Local Distribution Companies. The utilities have to, therefore, come up with a method that they will set a broad portfolio of the innovation projects that are to be achieved in the nation. The broad projects brought together should fully support provincially or nationally related policy objectives. After that, there will be the partially or fully matching of such goals with the public funds being provided by the government. One of the possible ways that can ensure such matching is through the organizations such as Sustainable Development Technology Canada.

Different stakeholders are involved in grid modernization. They both play different roles that will ensure the idea set is achieved smoothly. Some of the common stakeholders include the regulators, utilities, policymakers, and customers. The stakeholders work on different demonstrations before the setting of the innovation nationally. There is a high possibility of occurrence of errors during such demonstrations and lessons learned. The embracing of such teachings plays a significant role in pushing for excellence in working (Fabrice, 2010). There is a need to, therefore, share such experiences among the different stakeholders to allow for fastening of the innovation activities. As the technologies develop every other day and individuals attain carrying lessons, distilling of such teachings and techniques is of much importance in ensuring that they are applied for future generations (Bowonder et al, 2010). For example, formalization of the same should be done into chords and standards that will offer guidance during the utility technical planning and operating practices. The customers are a critical section of the innovation process as they form the beneficiaries of the set methods by the different utilities (Brodie et al, 2011). The various techniques that will protect and improve the electricity service should be communicated to the customers at an early stage and should often be done as a way of ensuring that they are well informed regarding the same. Innovative approaches have also to be set that will allow for proper engagement of the public.

Recommendations for Effective Grid Modernization

Diverse help has to be provided from all sections of the government to ensure that the different innovation companies achieve innovation. Apart from the recommended actions, the policy formation is also of much importance in offering help to the utilities through the innovation process. It will facilitate the offering of information to policymakers and other key stakeholders the essential information that will support the electricity innovation agenda. The paper carries a proper investigation of the current drivers of the innovation process ensuring to offer the primary reasons that leads to the sector being at a weakness point. Apart from that, it carries a review of the significant technology areas that are playing a significant role in the shaping of the functionality of the electricity system in the future generation. Through the paper, several other recommendations are offered approximating to seven that will motivate the pushing of the innovation agenda forward. Apart from the information and inspiration stated out in the paper, there is too the building up on other two particular documents. They include The Future of Canada’s Electricity System and the paper regarding Stimulating Innovation on Behalf of Canadas Electricity and Natural Gas Consumers that saw its publication in August the year 2014.

There are different sources of pressure facing the electricity utilities (Verbong, Beemsterboer & Sengers, 2013). One of the areas that have significantly contributed to such a burden is due to the macroeconomic landscape. There is a need to note that significant changes have occurred since the last primary infrastructure investment campaign. The campaign was held approximately 40 years ago. The GDP at that particular time was roughly five percent per annum. The adoption of new electric-powered appliances played a significant role in influencing the change in utility sales that caused its increase from 5% to 11% every year, a growth that was experienced between the year 1965 and 1974 (Axsen, Bailey & Castro, 2015). The result was a cumulative increase of 10% within ten years. There is a predictable growth of 2% over a year till the year 2035. However, the need to cut down the energy intensity of the Canadian economy, the growth rate will be maintained at 1% per year.

As the innovation is moving forth, data forms one of the essential sections in the industry (Marcuse, 2013). The future of the Local Distribution Companies will depend on how well the day was stored and the privacy that was put to ensure that the progressive working of the company is achieved every other day. Different sectors of the Canadian economy have experienced different challenges in dealing with data; as a result, they devised methods that will ensure that there is a high level of efficiency in the collection, storing and the sharing of data. The cost associated with Big Data Software, hardware, and the related services as there has been an increasing trend from the year 2011 to the year 2016. However, there is a need to ensure that there is a reduction in such data cists. The minor innovations that have been made have caused a decrease in the costs spend on data (Kline & Rosenberg, 2010). Grid modernization will experience a significant milestone through the cutting down of the cost of storing data. The smart meters have brought about tremendous benefits to the Local Distribution Companies, and their influence can be openly realized (Anderson & Fuloria, 2010, June). The meters are needed to properly store the metering information for a particular billing period, after which the meter will cease to be used. This is part of the regulations as stated by the Canadian Electricity and Gas Inspection Regulations. The meters do have an estimated lifespan of approximately 30 years; hence the space that they are to occupy is highly cut increasing on energy efficiency. Such a fall in the storage cost of data has made the transition to real-time data collection economically feasible. Despite the feasibility experienced, there is a need to note that there is also much to be considered apart from feasibility. There is a gradual evolving of information technology; the old data should not be lost but pulled along with it ensuring that there are high levels of accuracy protecting the security and privacy of the data (Kimball & Ross, 2011). The companies are faced with a mandate to provide that they continuously offer attention to the integrity of the data in addition to innovation. Outages bring about significant losses to customers, especially when engaging in income related activities. The Local Distribution Companies personnel experienced a hard time dealing with the customer who did call in complaining about the outages that have taken an extended period without being attended to, a situation that has been properly covered with the ongoing innovation. The companies will be in a position to detect any form of outages experienced and attend to it on time cutting down on the inconveniences that are to be experienced in the society. The whole process should not stop at that level, the cheap data that will be attained has to be used for the benefit of the company rather than being stored (Cukier & Mayer-Schoenberger, 2013). The data should be properly converted to valuable information that will allow the grid operators and customers to make use of it in making better decisions, a measure that will call for ongoing innovation to be embraced in the society.

The equipment vendors have a better understanding of the working of their instruments and can always work to ensure that they offer better equipment in the society that can provide high levels of efficiency (Storey, 2016). The vendors, therefore, work to develop new technologies in the community that will be later recommended to the utilities to check out for it and allow it to be incorporated in the utility operators and asset managers. The utilities have, therefore, taken up the responsibility of looking out for early-stage technological innovation. They will after that, work to ensure that there is controlled providence of grid access to the vendors allowing for the testing of their applications in the real-world environment. The relationship is of much importance to the utilities by ensuring that the utilities get to meet the particular needs of the societal members excellently by applying a single innovation.

Innovation should have taken a different route, and the society should be complaining of more complex challenges instead of the common difficulties being communicated every other day. Barriers to innovation have significantly reduced the innovation rate that is being experienced in the society (Rosenbusch, Brinckmann & Bausch, 2011). However, the restrictions will not cease the challenges from their progressive growth and becoming worse. There was a need for collaboration to take place to ensure that different problems are adequately dealt with in the society, and the research on various issues is done smoothly (Sanford, 2017). The equipment manufacturers have the technology that has to be implemented. However, they face the challenge of having the appropriate laboratories that can prove the workability of such an idea. The utilities do have the grid systems and they significantly influence the situation by providing the space and the tools that can be used in setting the idea moving to the public and making it known in the entire nation and globe. However, despite carrying out more research regarding a particular purpose, making the idea known and rampant to the society calls for the use of advertisement an achievement that will call for spending lots of finances (Davidson, 2013). The government is excellent in the providence of funds that will be of much importance in the building of a consortium industry in addition to directing the experts in carrying out the implementation process of the diverse proposed ideas. Embracing such a method of working, involves the gathering experts that are broadly based the primary target being the project to attain success at the end of everything.

The lack of in-house research and development is appropriately addressed by making use of the collaborative approach (Mertens, 2014). In addition to that, the access to grids has been a previous challenge facing the innovation process, a problem that has appropriately being addressed by the collaborative approach. Single-handed working on projects has significant risks associated with it that may threaten the smooth functioning. Finances are one section that faces substantial risks the main reason being that some equipment, that sound to be costly, might be purchased and the result achieved is that the idea isn’t feasible. Several such setbacks will lead financial deterioration. Apart from that, the knowledge resource is also a significant risk that may a face a small growing company (Schwienbacher & Larralde, 2010). The company might have to spend much cash on catering for the information being provided. The money spent will not be refunded in the case of the project failing at the end of the day. Such risks scare away most vendors from implementing specific technologies. Hence, through the collaboration approach, the challenge has been adequately dealt with, and collected efforts cut down the individual risks in addition to increasing the courage in them to attempt several innovative ideas.

It is primarily a paper that saw its publication in August of the year 2014 (Spudich et al, 2014). The Concentric Energy Advisors are responsible for such a step that was embraced in the society done at the behest of Canada Electricity Association and Canada Gas Association. In the paper lays the gold standards model that will push for innovation being so collaborative. Some of the characteristics contained in the model that will push for innovation include Funding. According to the model each customer has to be responsible for initial funding of approximately $3 - $5 before an innovation process kicks off. It should be noted that the amount will be fully rated payer funded, the funding taking place within approximately three years. A dedicated reconciling mechanism, for example, the variance account will play a significant role in pushing for the recovery of the cost. The model also addresses the oversight of regulations in addition to the proper management of programs in the society. According to the model, the funds that will be collected should only be used in catering for the collaborative projects being initiated in the community rather than spending the amount on internal and utility-specific efforts. Every year has the capability of having several innovation plans to be championed for across the globe (Ostrom et al, 2010). Such year investment plans have to be subject to regulatory approval in addition to being reviewed formally by the stakeholders in charge of the utility. The regulation should too not be done randomly however, there is a need for a proper guidance that should be provided that relates to the criteria used in building the business facilitating the justification of the innovation activities.

The act was brought to place with the primary target of pushing for renewable generation being a reality, a factor that will help stabilize the proper functioning of the Local distribution companies of the future (Liou, 2010). The act does offer a guideline to the distribution companies on how they will function to ensure that such a vision is achieved. For example, the wire companies have been directed to give a priority access to grid connection as a way of facilitating the renewable energy generation projects. The Minister of energy and infrastructure are also of much influence in pushing for the use of renewable energy in the society (Ahlborg & Hammar, 2014). The act makes use of the minister by authorizing them to direct the OPA in launching new electricity supply RFPs. The RFPs should mainly be used for the renewables (Neubauer, Pesaran & Howell, 2010). Apart from authorizing the minister, the act also offers room for the minister to direct the OPA to facilitate the development and implementation of a Feed-In Tariff fee structure set aside specifically for the renewables. The act gives a direction to the Local Distribution Companies to facilitate the connection of any new renewable generations that do meet all the technical requirements needs for better functioning. The act does not stop at that but moves forth allowing the Local Distribution Companies and municipalities to take over the ownership in addition to facilitating the operation of renewable generation assets of approximately 10 megawatts or less. The act has also set right various measures that will facilitate the empowering of a new class of Energy Cooperatives as a business model. The class will be responsible for accelerating the development of distributed renewable energy sources.

In the present day, despite the current power plants emitting greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, the use of energy storage in the providence of niche services in electric power systems has been of great benefit to the society that many have realized (Hesse et al, 2017). Hence, as the innovation progresses on, there is a need for including a systematic approach that will see to it that energy storage products and services are included in the capacity markets. The Independent Electricity System Operator has played a significant role in making it possible for the capacity market to be realized (Shen et al, 2014). It will facilitate the production of details regarding the capacity market auction that has a designation to ensure proper consideration of the energy storage. Actual Ontario Energy Production did facilitate the testing of the model and the expected energy storage systems, a factor that qualifies them for effecting the innovation in Canada in addition to making the Local Distribution Companies of the future more efficient in their operation.  Moreover, the energy storage model being presented offers a competitive environment with the conventional and intermittent generation capacity offer, the main reason being the fair prices associated with the Capacity Market White Paper. The model can also be used in facilitating the selection of the future generation capacity requirements. Thus, the Future of the Local Distribution Companies will be extensively bright.

The organization saw its establishment more than 20 years ago and served as a separate non-profit agency separate from the Ontario government (Duhamel, 2010). The commercialization process was the primary activity taking place at such a time. The center was the driver to leading research to the commercialization process. The accomplishment of the role called for high levels of excellence hence need to be strategic. The center focused on improving Ontario’s competitiveness by making use of innovation (Bramwell, Hepburn & Wolfe, 2012). As a result, the levels of change went to a different level higher than the previous performance. Innovation calls for identifying a challenge that has to be worked on and working to get the appropriate solutions. The center did partner with industries and hospitals to be in a position to be specific when addressing the problem areas facing the company (Visser & Tolhurst, 2017). Apart from industries, it did create partnerships with colleges and universities that formed as a significant source of knowledge in the case of a challenge encountered through the studies. Investors and governments also developed a substantial part of the partnerships with the industry. They did play a significant role in the offering of finances needed to carry out diverse projects in the society (Ahmed, 2010). The operation of the company to achieve high levels of excellence called for enough resources that would offer support in the case of a challenge developing through the operation process. The center did harbor approximately 2000 Ph.D. holders in addition to other highly qualified individuals in the society (Campbell, Jardine, & McGlynn, 2016). Apart from that, there were too approximately 20 universities and 24 colleges. The laboratories and expertise needed in such laboratories were also provided in the diverse industrial fields. The consultants who did facilitate guidance in the case of complications developing were also in abundance and the future employees to implement the recommended measures in the society. The result is that they were very extensive in their functioning, a factor that did create a greater hope on better Local Distribution Company of the Future and the continuous innovation taking place globally.

There is a need to understand that despite the excellent measures set to ensure that innovation is achieved by having the right working principles will play a significant role in pushing for such excellency to be achieved (Herzberg, 2010). The Ontario Center of Excellency embraced the use of single network. Apart from that, the team was tri-lingual and tri-cultural. The working of the center was highly independent; hence when offering advice to the government, their decision could not be modified by a different external group. The result was that most of their proposals were implemented allowing for the results of a better future to be realized at an early stage of operation. Complex challenges develop every other day in the society, being proactive regarding innovation will significantly influence the performance being realized (Zhang & Duan, 2010). Apart from that, the center was too outcome driven a factor that did push for them to be recognized by the various bodies of the government citing the influence they had in the society.

The companies are currently ensuring sustainability by making use of solar, wind and biomass in the generation of power (Shafie et al, 2011). The company is, therefore, working progressively on cost and efficiency improvement to ensure that a comfort operation is attained at the end of the day. The companies have also directed extra efforts towards the smart grid products being used in the society. The products can openly be seen in devices in addition to the CIT development and deployment. The supply of energy might experience some challenges interfering with the continuous supply of energy in the society. There is a need for coming up with storage solutions that will primarily host technologies that will facilitate off-peak harvesting of energy. There is too a need for a surplus base load that will cater to the needs of individuals in the case of power shortage. Intermittent renewable electricity also has a major role in performing such a function in the society. It will primarily be used for re-dispatch to the areas experiencing such power challenges. Fossil fuels have been used for production of electricity in the previous days, a factor that has greatly increased the rate of pollution experienced in the atmosphere (Wood & Wollenberg, 2012). Apart from that, the fossil fuels have proved to be very expensive as some of them are being over exploited causing their reduction in the earth surface. The companies have, therefore, invested in the making use of hydrogen in addition to methanol and diverse other biofuels that can be categorized as opportunistic feedstocks. Such sources of electricity have low emission in the atmosphere leading to high levels of efficiency being experienced by many. Transportation has been one of the sectors that have experienced high levels of emission in the nation (Martin & Shaheen, 2011). The emissions have significantly affected the living of individuals in the society. Electricity can help substantially in the reduction of such emission as they have displayed high levels of efficiency in their working. Through innovation, such a function will be achieved, and there will be the gradual betterment of the lives and health status of many.

There is the centralized Thermal Co-Generation, a change that is making use of pelletized Forest Wastes. Apart from that, there is too the production of Hydrogen that has been done from Unconventional Energy Sources. In carrying out commercial applications, the Micro-Storage flywheel has proved to be of much importance. It has too been used in peak shifting and offering support to the grids. The North has been not being a significant beneficiary of the sustainable energy; the innovation has played a significant role in advancing the sustainable energy in such areas, an activity that has been seen through the Wind – Hydrogen Micro-grid. The smart charging systems have had a significant contribution in enhancing sustainability in the environment. Innovation has made it possible for such systems to be embraced to be made compatible with the smart meters in addition to the Smart Plug-in vehicles. The Lithium Ion Battery has been used in some activities before; innovation has pushed for its massive production (Scrosati & Garche, 2010). The controlling of the urban storage systems is of much importance in ensuring that improvements are easily made and challenges addressed with much easy as the coordination will be made much more manageable. Innovation has contributed significantly in actualizing such a central location in the urban areas.

Innovation to the present day has made it possible for power consumption to be closely monitored by the retail power consumers (Collier, 2010). The power consumers do run off internet platforms. However, more innovation should make it possible for the power consumption to be easily viewed through the google. One should be in a position to attain the hourly consumption in addition to the price points. The viewing should also be done on TV. The setting will sound better when the AC settings can easily be changed by making use of your blackberry. The plugin electrical vehicles have been actualized and are being used in the present day. However, the charges used to cater to the service is highly distributed from one place to another depending on the place that did offer the charging service. Innovation should, however, make thing easy. The variation in areas where one does plug in to charge their car batteries should not result in a variation in the places where payment has to be done. All the charges, regardless of the charging location, will be directed to the electricity bill in addition to the other key attributes. The micro-generation has been making use of the plug and play grid connection (Zamora & Srivastava, 2010). A great innovation has been done regarding the connection. Currently, the expected change is that there should be a possibility of one successfully installing a rooftop solar panel or rather a wind turbine by making use of a smart connecting inverter. The inverter will facilitate the plugging into the grid allowing for automatic controlling of the connection in tandem together with the LDC advanced control system.

The vehicles are highly preferred citing the significant effects that they do have in the society regarding sustainability (Egbue & Long, 2012). Most companies have previously used petroleum fuel in facilitating the operation of cars. However, its cost experiences significant variation making it less reliable for a better society. Use of petroleum also has related emissions that interfere with the standard of living in the community, a characteristic that is seen with the release of carbon (iv) oxide. The government has devised diverse methods that can help in dealing with such emissions. Use of taxes has been one of the significant ways to assist in dealing with such a challenge (Porter & Kramer, 2011). Apart from that, there has been the incentives and regulations set regarding the use of certain substances known for contributing to the release of harmful gases in the atmosphere. The original electrical manufacturers dealing with automotive are also burdened in dealing with such a challenge and help in controlling the emission being experienced. The manufacturers are developing electromotive platforms that can be classified as hybrids or the pure electric in ensuring to achieve their renewal vision and come up with a green car as their market brand (Madureira, 2014). The idea can be graded as being excellent and electricity on itself has the capability of being a green fuel. Proper plans and strategies have to be set to achieve the desired targets. For example, there is a need for coordinated policy and plans regarding energy. The participants working to come up with such plan and policies must also be guided by a shared vision, united working being the result.

The grids have to work to put in efforts to being smart as it will be realized with the smart cars that have the capability of carrying out a proper communication with the drivers. Apart from that, there will be the email maintenance schedules that will offer guidance to the car owner on when to carry out a general check on the condition of the car. The cars will be in a position to access the internet very easily in addition to being linked with satellites. Hence, monitoring them will be very easy, and car losses can easily be handled. The smart grids have to embrace such levels of efficiency in their operation as a way of ensuring that the cars also attain better operating environment in addition to motivating a spirited working among the innovators in achieving better features associated with the vehicles (Farhangi, 2010). The smart grid is also in the process of mobilizing the significant population on the need for modernization of the grid system. The reduction of emission in the atmosphere is one of the significant reasons attached to the need for such a kind of modernization to be actualized. The smart cars are a significant resource that can significantly help in making the society aware of the rates at which emission are being cut down. Hence, the carbon (iv) oxide attribution of a kilowatt fuel will be significant to every customer. The continuous tracking every other day will make it possible for the influence of the smart cars be easily noticed. The communication between the smart cars and smart grids will make a process be easily achieved. Customers do have a variety of reasons as to why they will choose to make use of a particular fuel. There is a need for giving the right strategies that will help motivate the customers to use fuel that is entirely a non-emitter. In addition to that, the pricing has to be fair so that many can realize various other benefits apart from the common one of cutting down on emissions. United working will push for a comfortable setting of the strategies and implementing them excellently. The unity will be achieved by enhancing communication between smart cars and smart grids.

In some situation, the demand has always been high leading to the inefficient working of the system. As a result, the LDCs did receive complains regarding various inefficiencies being experienced. The coming of the electric charging of vehicles will significantly cut down on such impacts leading to better services being offered. Achieving such will call for being keen on the conditions set and working to exercise them excellently. For example, any form of charging should be done off-peak or rather there should be no any form of interruption caused during the charging time. Such a practice will significantly cut down on the impacts being experienced (Fernandez et al, 2011). Each participant dealing with any activity regarding the innovation, success should be the utmost capacity in all the jurisdictions. In the past days, the Local Distribution Companies have had systems experiencing local capacity constraints. Such systems have been most affected through the operation. The electric charging of vehicles will help in enhancing the capacity of such systems apart from restricting the use of the system. Moreover, the large off-peak loads have been significantly reduced by the engagement into the electric charging of vehicles. Such loads are known to accelerate the rate at which the aging of the distribution equipment will be taking place.

Electricity does not only apply to the use of cars and trucks. Several other transportation features do make use of power in different companies. The United States of America is one major country that has made use of electricity in various other areas apart from cars and trucks. For example, there is a plan to bring forth electric trolleys and Local rail systems in approximately 60 cities. The rail and marine transport system are also targeted for electrification. There has been significant funding directed for carrying out Research and Development in addition to any demonstrative project. There is a likelihood of exporting such a trend to Canada, and the nation will experience significant stabilization of the activities. Embracing such a trend will lead to new loads for the Local Distribution Companies (Weiller, 2011). Hence, leading to another opportunity where innovative solutions have to be sought that is too cost effective for the existing transit problems that do also manage new electricity loads.

The advantages can also be only realized when the vehicles are operated in the required manner following the set measures for better functioning. Emission-free electricity should be used in facilitating the charging of such cars, an activity that can be done overnight (Al-Awami & Sortomme, 2012). The result will be that there will be a considerable reduction in the emissions of carbon (iv) oxide. The quality of air in the urban areas will experience significant improvements the result being, comfortable living environments being embraced. Off-peak generation has experienced some degree of insufficiency. However, the introduction of the plug-in electric vehicles will result in sufficient off-peak generation capacity being realized in the system (Hajimiragha et al, 2010). Over time, the fueling infrastructure has been increasing gradually, and approximately 80 -90 % is in place. At the moment there is a need for smart charging that has a linkage to the smart meter customers making it possible for the fueling to be done away from home. Such a feature can easily be attained by making use of the plugin electrical vehicles.

Conclusion

Modernization of the grid serves as one of the solutions of offering electricity solutions to individuals in the society. The changing events in the nation pushing for sustainability are some of the factors pushing for innovation. Achieving such targets calls for having the guiding drivers. One of the primary drivers is the elimination of greenhouse gases. Several strategies have been set to accomplish such objectives in the society. The aligning of the goals is one of the factors set that will influence such excellent levels of operation. The policy paper will guide in the aligning of the goals and the targets of the company through the innovation process. Despite the policies, there is still pressure being experienced for example as a result of the macroeconomic landscape. There was too pressure from collection, storage and proper usage of data. However, support from the various economic sectors have made it easy for the management of the data to be achieved. The vendors are also to be recognized through their innovation as a result of the proposals they did make to the utilities. High levels of collaborations were experienced at such levels that significantly heightened the research process. The gold standard models contained in the concentric model offered proper guidance through the collaborative systems. One of the products of collaboration was the start of sufficient energy storage. Information regarding all these activities was attained from diverse centers for example the Ontario Center of Excellence that guided through the process of implementation of the different roles. Most of the Local Distribution Companies have made use of the company in coming up with various projects related to innovation. The companies were to improve in their operation citing the recommended actions from the various centers. Need for such improvements will be as a result of the significant challenges that are to be handled for example the support of the Plugin Electrical Vehicles. Apart from that, there will too be the introduction of different transportation features that call for the Local Distribution to properly distribute power to such companies.

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