Best Analgesic Interventions For Minimizing Acute Or Traumatic Pain

What Analgesic Interventions Are Best For Minimizing Acute Or Traumatic Pain?

The research question selected for this assignment is the related to a medical condition that is prevalent in health care industry in a frightening magnitude. The incidence of chronic pain in the health care is sometimes inevitable and millions suffer with consequences of morphine over-dosage to combat the unbearable pain (Baker & Tickle-Degnen, 2014). There is need for discovery of an intervention technique that can combat pain without a horde of added side effects.

The question designed for this assignment was crafted using the PICO questioning format, the PICO questions are a critically scientific and highly logical keyword researching technique that helps the nursing professionals to at the most appropriate evidence based clinical judgment (Dearholt & Dang, 2012). In this research question the population is elderly patients, intervention is for chronic pain, and the comparison is between pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions and the outcome is to determine the best technique. Moreover in this PICO question the limiters used are what, how, and, or, making it an ideal PICO question.

The evidence based research technique has had captivated the research scientist all across the globe, specifically the scientists of biomedical field and health care professionals. The evidence based research has changed the health care industry for the better and has made clinical judgment and critical decision making scientific and easier for the health care professionals all around the globe (Greenhalgh, Howick & Maskrey, 2014). Moreover the digital databases that have a wealth of valuable and reliable resources accessible from anywhere at any time by the virtue of world wide web, has made a well connected and compact reservoir for health care related resources helping the health care professionals engaging in a evidence based practice at all circumstances.

This is the reason behind the selection of evidence based practice in this research study, and the research study will also focus on primary research evidences. Primary research evidences are journal articles that are succinct, reliable and content highly impactful content that are generally peer reviewed articles. The three websites that have been selected for this assignment for evidence based searching has been MEDLINE, CINAHL and PUBMED, out of which the assignment will have search results of the database CINAHL. All three websites chosen for the assignment are rich reservoirs of quality and valid resources encompassing disciplines such as health care, medicine and biomedical sciences. Out of which CINAHL is considered to be the most reliable and genuine along with containing the largest and most diverse group of resources on health care (Hastings & Fisher, 2014).

There are a few prefixed techniques to be used in the evidence based research technique. For example, the keyword searching format used in this research methodology or strategy is the PICO questioning format. In this format the search headings have been articulated and organized. The next stage to this strategy is to generate the bets search results and or that bullion and other delimiting characters are to be used (Hastings & Fisher, 2014). The first delimiters used for this study is the peer reviewed articles to ensure that the database search findings are all primary research evidences. The next step is to put the delimiters like publication, year, and language for the preferred study. The bullion factors and characters will be used in the key search headings like and, or and wh-words to ensure compliance with the PICO based evidence searching formats. Lastly the search result was recorded for scientific documentation procedure (Hastings & Fisher, 2014).

Search stages and items found

The keywords used in the search heading play a pivotal role in the results generated in evidence based practice, as the articles will be sorted depending on the relevancy and compact organization of the keywords searched, for instance the search heading must follow through the PICO questioning format and must have the delimiters that the mandatory in these research studies (Houser, 2013). The search headlining that I have used are, inserted in the figure below along with the total number of articles generated in research. Out of which % articles have been selected for this study depending on the most relevance and connection with the concept of the study and one article has been discussed in details for being the most accurate result and most appreciable primary research evidence.

The research has been centred on the figuring out the best mode of analgesia or pain relieving interventions that are practiced in the health care industry. The pain relieving techniques that are in place for the health care industry and their standardization techniques vary radically and these disparities cause a disruptive and confusing treatment and intervention strategies for the pain relief techniques (Jablonski, 2017). There were 5 relevant peer reviewed articles that were relevant for the research studies and were useful resources for this assignment, the article about multimodal analgesia served to be the most relevant and apt primary research evidence for the research study that has been conducted (Polomano et al., 2017). The reason behind deeming it the most favourable and appropriate primary resource in this particular study is that it explains how using a combination of analgesics can target different mechanisms of pain and can be imparting much lesser side effects. The other articles that have been provided were focusing on pain management but neither emphasized on post traumatic pain which was the topic of this assignment. For instance, in the article about epidural analgesia there is no detail about the mechanism by which the medication will target chronic or traumatic pain (McCloskey & Bulechek, 2008 epi)

The contributing factors behind suggesting the article by polo on multimodal analgesia can be defined by the help of some criteria that this primary resource can successfully meet. Firstly the topic for the research study focuses on the evaluation of how chronic mechanism on pain can be managed by the combination of different analgesics used in a standards concentration, as the topic of the research conducted by me has been on the determination of the best and most hassle free technique for managing acute traumatic pain this research study aligns perfectly with the topic of the research (Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2011). Now the second criteria are met perfectly as well by the study having a clear and succinct statement with evidences that are accurate, relatable and transferable. The overall study design of the study has been focussed on exploratory methodologies where the statement hypotheses were justified and validated with viable and genuine data, and the findings were discussed with graphs, tables and detailed descriptions so that anybody can understand it. As the structure for this assignment was to determine the best and most viable technique for chronic pain by the means of exploration and evaluation, the research designs is also in accordance with the need for the assignment. The population of the study however was not very clearly depicted and no detailed information could be drawn that can align to the assignment criterion hence this criterion could not be made (Schneider & Whitehead, 2013). The clinical finding of this study is extremely relevant to the current situation and research on health care. It has to be understood that pain continues to be a resident feature in the discipline of health care and medicine and analgesics like morphine come with a horde of other complicated adverse effects. Hence the need for discovery of an analgesic treatment that can target different mechanisms of pain in a traumatized medical scenario can be extremely beneficial for the improvement of medicine and can be helpful for millions (Phillips et al., 2016). The outcome of the study had been the discovery of multimodal analgesia using different analgesics to minimize different pain sources and the study clearly depicted how using a combination of analgesics in low concentration minimized acute pain with overdosing the harmful sedatives. Meeting the last criterion perfectly the study could be stated to be worthy of appreciation if the noncompliance with the criteria of population can be overlooked.

Conclusion:

On a concluding note it can be said that the evidence based research technique can be very effective and elemental to derive the evidences that are most appropriate and most effective or the type and topic of study conducted. This assignment also demonstrated that using Boolean phrases and delimiters primary research evidences can also be generated that are more accurate, reliable, viable and transferable with the topic of the study conducted. Hence with the help of evidence based research techniques like PICO question, key word search and databases like CINAHL and MEDLINE can improve health care significantly and can make health care scientific, safer and more reliable

References:

Baker, N., & Tickle-Degnen, L. (2014). Evidence-based practice. Willard and Spackman’s occupational therapy, 12th edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 398-412.

Dearholt, S., & Dang, D. (2012). Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice: Models and guidelines. Sigma Theta Tau

Greenhalgh, T., Howick, J. and Maskrey, N., 2014. Evidence based medicine: a movement in crisis?. Bmj, 348, p.g3725

Hastings, C., & Fisher, C. A. (2014). Searching for proof: Creating and using an actionable PICO question. Nursing management, 45(8), 9-12

Houser, J. (2013). Nursing research: Reading, using and creating evidence. Jones & Bartlett Publishers

Jablonski, J. (2017). Pain, Agitation, and Delirium Guidelines. Dimensions Of Critical Care Nursing, 36(3), 164-173. doi:10.1097/DCC.0000000000000239

LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J., Berry, C., & Yost, J. (2013). Study Guide for Nursing Research: Methods and Critical Appraisal for Evidence-based Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences

McCloskey, J., & Bulechek, G. (2008). Epidural Analgesia Administration (Iowa NIC) In: Nursing interventions classification (NIC): Iowa intervention project (2nd ed). Epidural Analgesia Administration (Iowa NIC) In: Nursing Interventions Classification (Nic): Iowa Intervention Project (2Nd Ed), 1 p

Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (Eds.). (2011). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Phillips, K. M., Clark, M. E., Gironda, R. J., McGarity, S., Kerns, R. W., Elnitsky, C. A., & ... Collins, R. C. (2016). Pain and psychiatric comorbidities among two groups of Iraq- and Afghanistan-era Veterans. Journal Of Rehabilitation Research & Development, 53(4), 413-432. doi:10.1682/JRRD.2014.05.0126

Polomano, R. C., Fillman, M., Giordano, N. A., Vallerand, A. H., Wiltse Nicely, K. L., & Jungquist, C. R. (2017). Multimodal Analgesia for Acute Postoperative and Trauma-Related Pain. American Journal Of Nursing, 117S12-S26

Schneider, Z., & Whitehead, D. (2013). Nursing and midwifery research: methods and appraisal for evidence-based practice. Elsevier Australia