IEEE Antennas & Propagation - Overview & Discussion

Discuss About The IEEE Transactions On Antennas And Propagation.

Project Scope

The vehicle plate recognition system is an existing technology in the field of automobile industry. The technology uses optical character scanning technique on the images which is attached with the number plate of the vehicles. Also, it can help to organize the traffic better. With solving this type of big issues it can also help to solve many minor issues such as parking management, toll plaza management, access control and the border control. The main scope of this project is to develop a system with real time tracking details of a vehicle. To develop this system Raspberry Pi and the Linux system will be used. A Raspberry Pi is a single board computer system. The main processor used in the latest Raspberry Pi is the Broadcom BCM2837B0 which is based onARM Cortex-A53 architecture(Vujovi? & Maksimovi?, 2015).This processor consists a 512KB L2 cache. The GPU used in this module is the VideoCore IV. For the case of the RAM the latest Raspberry Pi 3 uses 1 GB of total ram. The Raspberry Pi uses a Wi-Fi connectivity of 2.4 GHz for network connectivity and also it has Bluetooth 4.1 connectivity. This Raspberry can use the Linux distribution which will be used in this case(Vujovi? & Maksimovi?, 2015).Thus if a vehicle got stolen this system can easily find the car with its exact location. Such system relies on the two basic things which are the scanning technology and scanned item. Here the scanning technology uses a complex optical scanning technology and subject of scanning is the license plate. So the limitation occurring in this project is due to this two things. The optical scanning technology may fail in the foggy weather and license plate may be not available for scanning if it is covered by something and if the license plate is damaged somehow.

Project Scope	IN SCOPE	OUT SCOPE
Vehicle plate optical scanning.	Identify the car owner by accessing the data of the number plate.	Car identification is included in the project but real time driver identification is excluded from the project.
Live tracking status of vehicle	Can track any individual car, live status of a traffic of a particular area, finding a stolen car.	Car tracking system is included in the project but fetching the GPS positioning of the car is excluded from the project.
Crime reduction	Identifying hot listed cars and the drivers who are breaking the signals and not following the traffic rules or involved with some criminal activities.	Identifying the cars which was related with a crime but identifying the criminal is excluded from the project.
Security Measures	By scanning those number plate this system can create a log file which will give all the data about the vehicle. This technology is used to reduce the crime such as car stolen car and bike cases.	Rectifying steps are not mentioned in this process. This is the main reason that the scope of this project is not very efficient in nature

Completion of the project will give the output of the live vehicle tracking system along with the automatic vehicle number plate recognition system (Ogbe, 2018). This new system will be able to deliver the route which the target is taking. In this case, for the hardware parts the main part is the Raspberry Pi and for the programming part Linux is used. The output of the project will work by running an optical scanning over the license plate of the target car. Every traffic signal post in the city will be equipped this optical scanning technology. Whenever a vehicle will break rule it will automatically scan the number plate of the vehicle and will identify the owner of the vehicle from the database and will send a legal notice will be sent to the owner of the car. Also it will be able to track the route of a vehicle by gathering data from various units of the optical scanner which will be available at the every traffic signals of the city. Also, this system can help to find a stolen car by finding its last scanning location data from the database but has some limitations which is already discussed. The working condition for this mechanism is that the optical scanner must able to scan the license plate and the license plate must not be tampered (Khin, Phothisonothai & Choomchuay 2017).

Risks

Though this automatic vehicle number plate recognition system has various types of benefits but it has some major risks related with it. The major risks related with this system is the uncertainty issue. It is uncertain that this mechanism will always work or will always give the 100% of it. In many cases it can be failed. With the failure case another major risks related with this project management is the misinterpretation (Keall & Newstead, 2016). Misinterpretation is more complicated problem compared to the failure cases. In the misinterpretation cases this automatic number plate recognition system may detect another vehicle instead of detecting the actual vehicle. Another very important risk case is the hacking issue. This system can be hacked easily by the attacker by detecting vulnerabilities in it. The attacker can make changes in the algorithm for some personal benefits which can lead to a dangerous situation (Shladover & Nowakowski, 2017).

High	Mechanism Failure	Mechanism failure can be a big problem as the whole system collapses	License plate damage can be an issue for the individual cases but it does not affect the whole system
Medium	Misinterpretation Hacking	Misinterpretation can be issue while detecting any car. This can be rectified easily.	Data protection
Low	Damaged License Plate	Hacking is a big issue in this as the attacker got all the access of internal data and vehicle information.	Security issues
	High	.Medium	Low

This project can deliver a high security in the vehicle department. It can help the law enforcement department to fight against the raising crimes related with the vehicles. With this it is also assumed that this project will help to build a better trafficking system in the city (Wang, Pretorius & Abbosh, 2016). Using this smart technologies it is possible to track every vehicle in the city which is the main reason behind the better trafficking in the city. As this project is providing a better trafficking system it is assumed from the project that it will help to reduce number of road accidents. Stolen vehicles can be also discovered using this technology but there are some conditions in this case.

Task Mode	Task Name	Duration	Start	Finish
Auto Scheduled	Licensing	43 days	Mon 06-08-18	Wed 03-10-18
Auto Scheduled	Initialising	7 days	Mon 06-08-18	Tue 14-08-18
Auto Scheduled	project planning	4 days	Mon 06-08-18	Thu 09-08-18
Auto Scheduled	Requireemnt underastnding	1 day	Fri 10-08-18	Fri 10-08-18
Auto Scheduled	Research	2 days	Mon 13-08-18	Tue 14-08-18
Auto Scheduled	Data collection	19 days	Wed 15-08-18	Mon 10-09-18
Auto Scheduled	Survey conduction	9 days	Wed 15-08-18	Mon 27-08-18
Auto Scheduled	result evaluation	9 days	Tue 28-08-18	Fri 07-09-18
Auto Scheduled	Interview processing	1 day	Mon 10-09-18	Mon 10-09-18
Auto Scheduled	Execution	9 days	Tue 11-09-18	Fri 21-09-18
Auto Scheduled	Using Rashberry pie for efficient functioning	5 days	Tue 11-09-18	Mon 17-09-18
Auto Scheduled	implementing LINUX platform	2 days	Tue 18-09-18	Wed 19-09-18
Auto Scheduled	Assembling LINUX and Rashberry pie system	1 day	Thu 20-09-18	Thu 20-09-18
Auto Scheduled	Assembling of the platform oriented instruments	1 day	Fri 21-09-18	Fri 21-09-18
Auto Scheduled	Risk management	8 days	Mon 24-09-18	Wed 03-10-18
Auto Scheduled	Risk analysis	2 days	Mon 24-09-18	Tue 25-09-18
Auto Scheduled	Impact calculation	1 day	Wed 26-09-18	Wed 26-09-18
Auto Scheduled	Risk mitigation policy	3 days	Thu 27-09-18	Mon 01-10-18
Auto Scheduled	Implementing the planned policy	2 days	Tue 02-10-18	Wed 03-10-18

Stakeholder	Stakeholder Name	Description	Phone no	Email
Client	Johnson	Main purpose of a client is to approve the quality of the product and service	(02) 9876 5432	[email protected]
Senior Manager	Symonds	Job role of Senior manager is to control the basic functioning of the business proceeding	(02)5739387	[email protected]
Project Manager	Glenn	The main purpose of the project manager is to understand the process and this progress is coordinated with the processing of the data management planning with the help of initiation stage and this is the major reason of hiring project manager	(02)468362473	[email protected]
Sponsor	Shane	Sponsor plays the most important role in completion of the project as the sponsor ensures that the data management that is performed is proclaimed with the help of funds that is provided for completion of the project is arranged by the sponsor	(02)345628745	[email protected]
Project Team Member	Shaun	Project Team Manager plays one of the most important aspect of completion of the entire project	(02)45367243	[email protected]
Employees	Tim	Employees are in charge of completion of the project with highest frequency	(02)453678276	[email protected]
Government Agencies	Cahill	Government Agencies are the prospect that the government legalizes the product transformation	(02)34645789	[email protected]
Media	Lee	Popularization of the entire product based terminology is termed as the media benefits	(02)563835283	[email protected]

Stakeholder	Interest	Key interest	Communicationvehicle	Date and time	Purpose
Client	High	Meeting of deadline	Email, phone, face to face meetings	21^st October 2018	Approval of the project
Senior Manager	High	Efficient project completion	Face to face	20^thOctober 2018	Checking of the project
Project Manager	High	Project initiation and project planning	Face to face	11^th October 2018	Task management
Sponsor	High	Efficient completion of the project with higher fund allocation	Face to face	1^st October 2018	Funding process
Project Team Member	High	Better completion of the project	Face to face	19^th October 2018	Completion of the project
Employees	High	Task completion	Face to face	10^th October 2018	Functioning of the project
Government Agencies	High	Legalization of the product	Face to face	20^th October 2018	Legalizing products
Media	High	Marketing of the product	Face to face	16^th October 2018	Marketing

Stakeholders	Stakeholder duties
Client	Buying of the product and providing reference regarding the processing of the entire project and approval of the quality of the task
Senior Manager	Managing the entire project and monitoring the same and processing of data management
Project Manager	Initiating the project
Sponsor	Funding of the project
Project Team Member	Functioning of the entire project
Employees	Working on the project
Government Agencies	Legalization of the project
Media	Popularizing the product

References

Keall, M. D., & Newstead, S. (2016). Development of a method to rate the primary safety of vehicles using linked New Zealand crash and vehicle licensing data. Traffic injury prevention, 17(2), 151-158.

Ogbe, B. (2018). Design and Implementation of a web-based Vehicle Licensing System (Doctoral dissertation, Godfrey Okoye University).

Oni, O., Oshin, O., Oni, O., & Idachaba, F. (2015). Web-based Portal for Vehicle Licensing Management. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering (Vol. 1).

Rees, G. B. (2015). Vision standards for driving: what ophthalmologists need to know.

Semmens, J. (2017). Improving Road Safety by Privatizing Vehicle and Driver Testing and Licensing. In Street Smart (pp. 115-132). Routledge.

Shladover, S. E., & Nowakowski, C. (2017). Regulatory challenges for road vehicle automation: Lessons from the california experience. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice.

Wang, Y., Pretorius, A. J., & Abbosh, A. M. (2016). Low-profile antenna with elevated toroid-shaped radiation for on-road reader of RFID-enabled vehicle registration plate. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 64(4), 1520-1525.

Vujovi?, V., & Maksimovi?, M. (2015). Raspberry Pi as a Sensor Web node for home automation. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 44, 153-171.

Khin, O., Phothisonothai, M., & Choomchuay, S. (2017, November). License Plate Detection of Myanmar Vehicle Images from Dissimilar Angle Conditions. In 2017 21st International Computer Science and Civil Engineering Conference (ICSEC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

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