Ethical Issues In AI Journalism: An Essay.

Questions:

1.What's going on?

2.What are the facts?

3.What are the ethical and non-ethical issues?

4.Who is affected?

5.What are the ethical issues and implications?

6.What can be done about it?

7.What are the options?

8.Which option is best - and why?

In the field of information and communication technologies Management ethics is very important. Ethics in every field is compulsory (Yamanoue, Nakamichi & Kaneko, 2016). The field of information technology is no exception to this. In addition to this there has been a great development in the field of Information technology. With the development in the technologies, the issues that are involved with the technologies have also arisen. The ethics in the field of technology is basically involved with the justification of the policies that are involved with the policies that are used for the development and the implementation of the technologies. The ethics in IT provide guidelines for the professionals in te filed that would be guiding them to create and develop technologies keep the concern of the whole society in mind.

The essays is used to provide the insight on the issues that are related to the development in the AI technologies. This easy covers the topic of “Who needs a driver when an algorithm can do the same work.” The essay contains a brief summary of the situation that is at hand, the ethical issues that have arisen due to the situation and also, the sectors of ethics that the issues are affecting also some solutions to resolve the issues have been provide in the essay.

1.For understanding the ethical issues of the technology, it very important to understand the situation that is giving rise to the issue. In a news article released by, The Sydney Morning Herald in their website on September 3, 2011 in has been mentioned that the Artificial Intelligence have developed in recent times to great extent, that they are capable of constructing articles all by themselves which a human would do (LOHR, 2017). Now the real concern is regarding the writers, which the press companies no longer require the writers if all the writing functions are performed by the machines itself then there are no longer requirements of human beings in the companies. This situation gives rise to the ethical issues that are concerning the, technology.

2.The technology that are concerning the situation are known as Narrative Science. The Wisconsin- UNLV football was covered by machine and also the article that was released for the match was also composed by a computer (Ombele et al., 2016). This machine was developed by a start-up based in Evanston in Illinois. The company used the narrative science technologies concept. The technology provided facilities for the computers so that they can mimic the human behavior and reasoning. The company took the data form the sports statistics and also the different type of financial reports. In addition to this statistics the computer can also acquire the statistics involving the different sports franchises and different parameters that are concerning the game and the different teams. There has been a lot of experimentation in the technology form before. Earlier the software could only fill in the blanks with the pre written scripts and data regarding the game or the event in it. But with the development of the technology there has been grate development in the software also and it can produce the quality almost as same as the human being can produce. In addition to this development of the technology have been so vast that the software can now easily construct articles other than sports articles also. In addition to this, there has also been a prediction made that the machine has the ability of winning the Pulitzer prize in about 20 years. But with all these development the main concern has been that, the replacement of the human beings. And this has been the major ethical issue in the situation.

Narrative Science technology

The main ethical issues is that the human writers would be losing their jobs and also their positions in the newspaper companies.

3.The other non-ethical issues are that the computers would not be able to produce the emotions of human being that are displayed during a live match and this might have unsatisfied the readers. In addition to this there have been speculations about these machines constructing literature and this gives rise to the question of copying the ideas of the previous authors as these machine use the concepts of using the previously written resources.

4.The main stakeholders who would be affected in this situation are the current writers who would be losing their jobs due to the immergence of this technology and also the readers who love articles by a particular journalist. In addition to this, the concept of journalism might also change. In addition to this, the newspaper companies also would be losing out on their audience. As some of the people love to read articles that are somewhat biased and has a taste of their favorite group. In addition to this, the machines are also capable of creating literature and hence this would be a concern as the machine be copying the ideas of people.

5.Main ethical issues concerned with the situation are the replacement of the human being by the robot journalists. This would make the writers lose their jobs. In addition to this, as result this would also decrease the opportunities of the human beings in the field of journalism. This issue violates all the ethical codes of the classical ethical theories. The theory of Utilitarian is violated by this issue (Cohen & Ahn, 2016). This is because the group of journalists who are engaged with the writing processes would be in danger of losing their jobs. The machines would be copying the ideas of the previous publishers and hence the deontological issue would also be violated (Kehoe, 2015). In addition to this the emerging journalists would be losing out on their opportunity to new jobs and hence, would be discouraging them from taking up journalism as profession. This would be violating the virtue ethics (Van Hooft, 2014).

6.For the resolution of the issues a number of options can be availed by the companies. Firstly, they should not be over dependent on this technology Management . In addition to this there must be introduction of some kind of policies that would prevent the machine from copying the ideas of others and creating new literatures. In addition to this, the companies should be looking to incorporate the technologies in their process in addition to the human resources as well.

7.The dependency on the software should not exceed to great extent and hence, the companies should look to make only a limited use of the technology. In addition to this, there should be introduction of policies by the governing bodies of the world that would restrict the algorithms form procuring data that would hamper the privacy issues. In addition to this the companies must also look into the, matter and ensure that their employees do not loss out on their jobs.  They should try and incorporate the software into their systems and look to increase the efficiency with incorporating the software with the human resources.

8.The option of incorporating the software with the human resources that are available to the company. This would be increasing the overall efficiency of the company and also the employees would not be losing out on their jobs. In addition to this, the company would also be able to make sure that the software is not copying data on their own and also not stealing the ideas of others.

For conclusion it can be said that the emergence of AI and advancement in this field has benefitted the humans greatly but there are also a great number of issues that are arising with the advancement. The present topic is used to display the matter in this essay.

References

Clerwall, C. (2014). Enter the robot journalist: Users' perceptions of automated content. Journalism Practice, 8(5), 519-531.

Cohen, D. J., & Ahn, M. (2016). A subjective utilitarian theory of moral judgment.

Dale, R. (2017). NLP in a post-truth world. Natural Language Engineering, 23(2), 319-324.

Kehoe, W. J. (2015). Marketing Ethics: Theory and Pedagogy. In Proceedings of the 1982 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference (pp. 261-264). Springer International Publishing.

Linden, C. G. (2017). Decades of Automation in the Newsroom: Why are there still so many jobs in journalism?. Digital Journalism, 5(2), 123-140.

LOHR, S. (2017). Who needs writers when an algorithm can do the job. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 8 May 2017, from https://www.smh.com.au/technology/technology-news/who-needs-writers-when-an-algorithm-can-do-the-job-20110912-1k5y3.html

Ombelet, P. J., Kuczerawy, A., & Valcke, P. (2016, April). Employing Robot Journalists: Legal Implications, Considerations and Recommendations. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference Companion on World Wide Web (pp. 731-736). International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee.

Van Hooft, S. (2014). Understanding virtue ethics. Routledge.

Yamanoue, T., Nakamichi, N., & Kaneko, K. (2016, November). Enhancing Campus Cyber Security through a Class with Combination of Computer Ethics Videos and Logical Thinking. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM on SIGUCCS Annual Conference (pp. 117-123). ACM.