Regional Gardens' Hybrid Cloud Strategy: Benefits Of Essay.

Regional Gardens Ltd is a company that runs a number of related gardening enterprises. It has a large display garden that it opens for public inspection a number of times a year. These enterprises include the Regional Gardens Nursery which sells plants and garden supplies to the public, and Regional Garden Planners which provides garden advice, design and consultancy services.

The company is considering the following strategic proposal:

• They plan to retain the Bathurst data centre for data storage. This would entail updating their Active Directory and data storage infrastructure, and moving all other infrastructure into the Cloud.
• They plan to initially move all their Web Services into the Cloud in order to provide an increased level of HA (High Availability) as well as a better degree of flexibility in supplying data to their customers and employees. This would entail changing their current web software architecture to take advantage of the flexibility and scalability that can be gained by moving to a Microservices model (this would entail the use of such services as AWS Lambda or Azure Functions, Containers, Data Services, and Cloud Edge capability and monitoring).
• They also plan to migrate their LoB (Line of Business) applications to a Cloud Infrastructure to increase their flexibility and availability.

The Board of Regional Gardens is contemplating this strategy as a way to increase the company’s flexibility and responsiveness. The Board also expects to achieve significant savings on the cost of maintaining their ICT infrastructure by closing their existing data centre. They appreciate that this would entail retraining for their existing ICT staff so that they can manage the new Cloud based infrastructure.

Regional Gardens has again approached you to advise them on this strategy. You have already advised Regional Gardens that this strategic approach will mean that they will need to ultimately design and operate a “Hybrid Cloud” methodology, where part of their data centre is “on premise” and another part in a Cloud.

Regional Gardens also plan to run a Risk and Security Workshop to assess the risks, security issues and possible methods of control that will be required with this “Hybrid Cloud” approach. You will be required to organise, run and facilitate this workshop.

The Board is also concerned about how this strategy will affect their BCP (Business Continuity Plan) and their backup and disaster recovery strategies.

Tasks

Your team has been engaged to provide a risk assessment for MetaSoft in their planned move to a Hybrid Cloud strategy.

Introduction to Regional Gardens

The agricultural sector has really developed fats and largely over the past years. At the centre of the development has been the ability to use technology in the agricultural processes. Apart from use of farm machinery as the technology, communication technology has been a pillar in the development. With the need to cut the cost of acquiring information technology, staff, infrastructure and software, cloud computing has become an emerging and very reliable technology, Armbrust et al (2010). Cloud computing is an online-based environment that provides computational services to the clients such as servers, computing and big data analytics, storage, applications and a platform for development. Through the internet, the computer services provided cut the cost of ownership of acquiring on premise technology and equipment.

The application of hybrid computing means that each provision, that is the Amazon and the Bathurst data centre remain separate entities that are connected through proprietary software and technology that allows portability and exchange of data and software interfaces. The cloud computing provides different models or architectures of computing that provide different services to the clients through their measured subscriptions. The models are software as a service, platform as a service and infrastructure as a service. Through the SaaS model, the client accesses and uses the software directly over the internet without installing on to their computers. In the PaaS model, the cloud offers a computing platform that enables the development of applications with the different programming languages available such as java and python.  In the IaaS model and architecture, the cloud allows the client to access the cloud resources and scale them up depending on the needs of the client and payment is made in the pay-per-use design, Jamil & Zaki (2011).

Cloud architectures

The cloud architecture is the structural system composting of the components, services and functions provided by the cloud service provider. The components are formed by the front end of the cloud including interfaces for software functionality, the back end such as storage, the network used to access the cloud and the delivery system.

In the strategy employed by the Regional Gardens Board, the following architectures are suitable for the implementation of the project.

Software as a service

In this cloud based service model, the Regional Gardens employees do not use installed computer or mobile applications to perform functions of the company. Rather, the employees access the services installed and running on the cloud via the internet and use the online applications to perform the functions. The SaaS architecture is highly flexible and scalable, Armbrust et al (2009).  Unlike the past, where Regional Gardens would need to load their applications on the cloud, currently the cloud provider allows the client to use the software and applications without the need for any local installations.  The cloud based software allows the users to use the same application with the same code, same customization and configuration and therefore the work output is enhanced in terms of quality and quantity. The software service on the cloud allows the company to pay an annual fee for the use of the cloud services. The software as a service architecture is set up in that the cloud-based service provider deals with all the other issues such as maintenance and security of the software platform.

Strategic Proposal for Regional Gardens

A good structure of the proposed structure as a service model is the multitenant architecture. In this design, the same application or software is accessed by the different employees of the company from anywhere at any time on demand. This model supports scalability since the same program can be installed or virtually run from different servers and therefore allow different employees to run the same application at the same time, Armbrust et al (2009). Additionally, in this model, the company’s IT administrator can be allowed access to the beta version of the application for testing before official upgrades.

The advantages therefor to the Regional Gardens company are:

Software as a service reduces the cost of ownership of the purchased and installed software since the software is now accessed online through the internet without the need to locally install the program. Instead of spending money on the purchase of the program, the cloud based service provider provides the software to be accessed from the web browser installed on the company’s computers. Additionally, the software as a service allows for the payment of only the software the company is going to use. This eliminates the need for the payment of un-used licenced third party programs, Wu, Garg,  & Buyya, (2011, May).

Software as a service can be accessed anywhere at any time, very accessible. This feature allows for the company to focus more on production from remote areas.

SaaS is highly flexible and scalable. Since the program is cloud hosted, it allows the company to easily increase the usage of the software resources without being afraid of exhausting or overrunning the limited on premise resource.  

SaaS model reduces the responsibilities of the IT department to provide security and maintenance of the system and therefore reduces the company’s expenditure on acquiring a large IT human expertise since the cloud based service provider shoulders the responsibilities of security, software upgrade and maintenance.

SaaS model offers a cross device compatibility since its accessed from the net. This feature also confers additional advantages in that all the employees use the same code base to perform the company’s functions and therefore the errors, bugs and system crashes of using older versions of programs is eliminated.

Platform as a service

This is a cloud based service that will allow Regional Gardens to develop and manage their own applications and programs that suit the demands of the company, Armbrust et al (2010). The services are provided from an online platform and server. Just like the software as a service, the PaaS allows the employees access and use the online software however, permission is granted to the company IT experts to manage and control the software aspects of the service provided.

Risk and Security Workshop for Hybrid Cloud Approach

The service provider provides the server with analytic capabilities, storage, operating framework and system and programming languages such as java and python, Buyya et al (2009). The server allows the developers owned by Regional Gardens to develop, run and test their application online.

In the environment provided by the PaaS, the Regional Gardens IT department and developers focus on the development, deployment of the applications and software while the provider addresses the needs concerning runtime environment, OS, virtualization, servers and database management including storage. The PaaS architecture offers service management and control such as workflow, monitoring and discovery.

The hybrid PaaS, allowed the public service that is derived from the SaaS and the private service running on the data centres at Bathurst to be merged and deployed as a single hosting platform.

The platform as a service architecture offers the additional features that allow the developers of the company to design other services that run on the PaaS such as communications using video, voice and messages, mobile platforms service and open platform for running and deployment of open source software such as android operating system, Armbrust et al (2009).

The benefits that the PaaS architecture will offer to Regional Gardens company include:

The platform as a service will cut the cost of acquiring the necessary technology to develop, run and deploy applications that would help drive the objectives of Regional Gardens.

In the PaaS model, the speed at which the development and deployment of the applications and software occurs is extremely fast, Krutz, & Vines (2010).  This is so because the cloud based service provider allows the company’s IT stuff and developers to focus solely on the development.

In the hybrid environment, the PaaS supports both the cloud based services and the data centre services at Bathurst. Through the homogenous work environment, the workflow is highly enhanced through the clouds and thus allows for efficient and easy scaling. The hybrid model also offers the Regional Gardens to have more control over their services such as security, applications usage plans, advertisements, development and management, Cerullo,  & Cerullo (2014).  

Infrastructure as a service

In the IaaS model, the cloud based computing provider allows the Regional Gardens to pay only for the services that would be utilized. Amazon web services provides the servers, hardware, networking features, security, technical experts and storage services to the company, Jamil & Zaki (2011). Regional Gardens won’t need to manage the cloud infrastructure but rather use the services provided for data outsourcing. In this model, the SaaS delivers the services that can be accessed from the internet while the PaaS grants the company the tools and services to develop and deploy applications and allow communication protocols, Jamil & Zaki (2011).

Cloud Computing in Agriculture Sector

Benefits

IaaS will only allow Regional Gardens limited to pay for the services and resources required. The model also has an integrated function that allows all the other model be integrated into the hybrid model of the architecture.  

Resource pooling

This is an architecture which is based on the make and use of at  least one resource pools where two information technology resources are always organised and maintained using the system which can automatically ensure that they endure synchronized. The pools can be complex containing more than one pools which are made for a particular application.

Some of the common example of the resource pooling includes the following;

1. The Virtual server pool
2. Physical server pool

• Storage pools

1. Network pools
2. CPU pools

Bursting architecture

Cloud bursting is an application arrangement demonstrate in which an application keeps running in a private cloud or server farm and blasts into an open cloud when the interest for registering limit spikes. The benefit of such a crossover cloud arrangement is that an association pays for additional register assets when they are required.

Specialists suggest cloud bursting for elite, non-basic applications that handle non-touchy data. An application can be sent locally and afterward burst to the cloud to meet crest requests, or the application can be moved to general society cloud to free up neighbourhood assets for business-basic applications. Cloud blasting works best for applications that don't rely upon a perplexing application conveyance foundation or reconciliation with different applications, segments and frameworks inner to the server farm.

While considering cloud bursting, an association must think about security and administrative consistence necessities. For instance, cloud bursting is frequently referred to as a feasible choice for retailers that experience tops popular amid the Christmas shopping season. Nonetheless, distributed computing specialist co-ops don't really offer a PCI DSS-agreeable condition and retailers could be putting delicate information in danger by bursting it to the general population cloud.

Shortcomings from the deployment of the architectures would include:

The Bathurst data centre is a fixed location, so the deployment of the hybrid cloud technology will require the use of URLs and directories in the integration that makes the whole process a little difficult and thus to create a solution, Regional Gardens will require to source for dynamic resources.

Internet performance while running the cloud based software via a computer’s web browser or mobile applications and accessing resources is likely to hinder the smooth working and deployment of the cloud based computing services. From a business point of view, instances of low work throughput and flow would reduce the revenue generated, Buyya et al (2009).

Available Cloud Architecture Models

Cloud services downtime and outages. Although this would be solved through a service level agreement where the provider guarantees maximum uptime, such unfortunate events can lead to very low revenue collections.

Increased cloud service costs due to cloud sprawl. Cloud sprawl is the over usage of server resources due to failure to control, manage and monitoring of the cloud service usage, Moreno-Vozmedian, Montero& Llorente (2012).

Hybrid cloud and Microservices risks and mitigations.    

RISK.	Description.	Solution.
Attacks.	The internet exposes every component of the hybrid cloud to malicious attacks and access to the private company data stored within or transmitted across the internet. Nothing on the internet can be guaranteed 100% secure and therefore can suffer security breaches. The hybrid cloud is a combination of public and private services, the 3rd party cannot offer total supervision and security. Attacks such as ransomware, malware and hackers are very likely to occur and cause data interference and modification.   For example, in the AWS, one is only required to only have a valid card and can access the servers and data.	Practices that help Regional Gardens and the AWS cloud provision monitor the exposure of private and confidential data and thus defend the system from attacks or man-in-the-middle eavesdropping include: Stronger authentication mechanisms, procedures and practices such as biometrics. Real time threat identity through use of unified threat management tools and intrusion detection systems. Prevent or reduce data exfiltration. The security operations should be strong enough, including prevention and response strategies.
Security and privacy.	The confidentiality of the privacy of the cloud-based data and the provider security trust is a consideration. The cloud based service provider manages and provides security to the underlying infrastructure, data resources and network. For example, the attack on AWS EC2 console that was hacked and the data deleted that resulted in the Code Space closure.	Practices are implemented to minimize the security and privacy risks such as: Proper authentication and log in credentials from the users to control the remote access. Risk-based assessment of the security of the hybrid cloud with strong data encryption using cyphers such as Blowfish. Limiting the data access basing on the user configuration and authentication profiles. Security extension to devices such as Bring Your Own Device security policies. Intelligent network protection such as firewalls and virtual private network.
Platform dependency.	Also known as “vendor lock in”. this is the dependence one service provider hence making it impossible for the company to migrate to another service provider. The configuration and differences in provider system makes it difficult to migrate.	Proper consideration of the service provider features and functional services will reduce cloud issues. A complete and fully agreed service level agreement must be signed between the service provider and the company to avoid future wrangles.
Cloud computing costs.	In the long run, cloud computing can be pricey, due to the pay as you go subscription especially for a small company and short term projects.	To reduce costs: The company should regulate the scales of usage, scaling down mostly and sometimes up. The company should determine a known usage and prepay the subscription. Reduce cloud sprawl. Use alerts to monitor usage and stop when the levels of operations are low.

Information security steps and controls.

The process of securing the information, systems, data and assists in the company is broken down into risk assessment, risk monitoring and control, communications security and cryptography, operations and human resource security, environmental security and third party relations.

The steps in the information security according to Jamil & Zaki (2011) are:

An effective governance framework with risk and compliance assessment should be set up. The relevant procedures of governance to protect the information and assets should be well established more so in the information technology department. The chain of responsibility, authority and communication should be specified in the governance framework with the people involved being part of the content. The legal and regulatory obligations of the people involve and business value should be well documented and understood, Zissis & Lekkas (2012).

This is important because in the hybrid cloud model of cloud computing, the security responsibilities are shared between the company’s IT stuff and the vendor’s experts.

Operation and business processes should be audited regularly, Armbrust et al (2010). The internal security and risks control mechanisms of the cloud computing vendor should be audited and understood. The framework should be audited and ensured that at least the following are provided for: the company’s data and applications are isolated in a multitenant system, assets are protected from attacks and unauthorized access and protection from accidental events such as blackouts, deletions and hazards.

The human resources should be managed properly with identity and roles well established. The employees either attached to the cloud service vendor or the company will have access to the data and assets owned by the company and therefore a well understood framework should be established to control the human factors in the hybrid cloud service model.

This is important to control the internal malicious access to data and assets that are out of bounds for a particular or specific group of employees to confer additional security from internal threats.  

Software as a Service (SaaS) Model

A proper data enforcement framework should be established. Data is the most important and critical asset for the Regional Gardens company and is at the centre of the information technology security priorities in the hybrid cloud computing model, Masud, & Huang (2012). The control mechanisms to the data threats such as risk of data theft, data loss, disclosure, tampering, modification, unauthorized access and data unavailability are addressed in this step. The responsibility of the data protection is with both the company and the vendor in the hybrid cloud computing model and therefore should be well taken care of.  

A service level agreement should be documented with well-presented privacy policy. The policies controlling the behaviours, activities and practices of the employees should be well documented. Such activities might expose the data to unauthorized third parties. The policies include the Bring Your Own Device policies and employee contract agreements.

The security framework of the cloud applications should be assed and tested. The cloud based applications should be protected from any malicious attacks just like the network and physical layers are protected.

This is so because, insecure application provisions can be used by attackers to gain access to the whole network and cloud storage. The proper use of the applications will also reduce the costs of cloud computing through reduction of cloud sprawls.

Proper security provision of the network and connections. Just like the other layers of the hybrid cloud model are protected, the internet through which the cloud is accessed from be protected again man in the middle attacks, eavesdropping and malicious network traffic. This can be done through use of unified threat management tools and appliances in the market or provided by the cloud service vendor, Li et al (2013).

Physical environment security evaluation. The physical infrastructure of the facilities housing the computers and servers should be well secured. The audit reports of the area should provide assurance to the company. The facility should be in a secure area, be protected against physical threats such as floods, security personnel within the area, security equipment such as cctv camera properly installed and a quick response mechanism present.  

A cloud service agreement inclusive of all security provisions. Since the hybrid computing service provision involves two parties the vendor and the Regional Garden, therefore an agreement should be made between the two parties, Sonwalkar (2013, September).  The agreement must include specific information concerning the security provision such as practices directed towards protection of the data assists of the company.

Platform as a Service (PaaS) Model

This is important because the agreement should include the relevant information data breaches, what ought to be done in case of such unfortunate events, the responsible party when data attacks occur and the data back-up and recovery services.

The exit process should be set, with the security requirements well understood. This should outline the termination of contract between the vendor and company in relation to the data stored in the servers or cloud computers, Rahimi et al (2012 November). The exit process should include the time requirement to provide the data after termination of contract and the form of data to be provided from the cloud computers. The exit process should also outline the time it would take for the vendor to delete the company data from the servers. Additionally, the exit process should allow the company to audit the servers and ensure that ball the data owned by the company has been deleted.

This important because sometimes the vendor after contract termination can provide the data in a format that is not accessible.

Security control.	Rationale.
Regular monitoring of the employee accounts such as log ins.	This monitoring allows the employees regular re-authentication while logging into the system. It also provides a base for intrusion detection or prevention.
Limited administrative privileges to a few employees.	This will assist the company and the vendor to control the access of unauthorized data by the employees. Minimizes the use of privileges thus reducing the risk of malicious activity and cause damage to data or the network.
Proper and strong employee authentication and data encryption through robust passphrases and log in credentials.	Unauthorized and unauthenticated access to the network and the hybrid cloud server is a security risk for the information.  Reduces the risk of guessing or hacking the log in credentials and passwords.
Deployment network layer security by use of unified threat management appliances.	Network security reduces the risks of attacks such as by the man in the middle or network spoofing.
Adequate human resource supervision and regularly update cyber security policies, practices and procedures.	Provides a trust between the employee and the company. Security responsibilities of the employees towards a robust secure hybrid cloud computing model. Regulates the employees to adhere within the security regulations and reduce practices such as access to illicit content on the company network.

Business continuity planning.

Development of a risk assessment strategy. The organization need to restructure their definition of the risks after the deployment of the hybrid cloud and Microservices computing online. Regional Gardens should consolidate their framework to assess the new risks that the company is exposed to. In the risk assessment, a new structure of risk assessment matrix is drawn with the risks and their mitigations described and well understood.  The risk assessment methodology focusses on the impact on the company and therefore the resilient business drivers should be directed towards acquiring the necessary resources to mitigate the risks, Alamri et al (2013).

 Determine and document the resiliency measurements. The key measurements to be used in the assessment of the value position of the business should be structured. The domains include the stakeholders, employees, assists, reputation, client base and regulations and compliance. The data point elements should be used to plan, monitor, track and recover data information and use it to form a base of trusted enterprise corporation, Buyya et al (2009).

Disaster recovery. This shouldn’t just include the natural disaster such as floods but also the human errors and mistakes that might cause downtimes in the enterprise operations. A team of dedicated employees is created to act as the quick response team incise of the disasters. This team is designated before the disastrous event occurs and includes the assignment of tasks and responsibilities to ensure the downtime or outage times do not hurt significantly the revenue collection and mission or vision of the company, Buyya et al (2009).

Benefits of SaaS and PaaS Models

Information backup. The data backup centre should be easily accessible in the instance of downtime or disaster. However, the backup location should be safe from the rest of the server of the hybrid cloud service to protect it from the disaster or downtime events. The 3,2,1 rule of backup should be strictly adhered to meaning that the company data should be transferred at least three times, on to two different mediums of data storage and one of the media must be an offsite location.

Operational Checklist

Regional Gardens is required to have a well-structured billing and account governance framework that provides account management with the account to be used for the billing process identified and the process of handling the bills for the AWS cloud service in the SaaS and PaaS model outlined.

The company need to have developed a strategy for the management of the AWS API, operating system, network and console program. In the strategy, the company is required to have a proper data access mechanism for the access of the online cloud based computing platform.

Regional Gardens is required to strategize on the identifying and tracking process for the AWS provided resources such as SaaS infrastructure and architecture such as software, analytics, data storage and data protection, Armbrust et al (2010).

The company is required to audit and report whether the AWS solution meets the company’s expectations of the applications resilience and high availability requirements.

In the requirements, the company should report if the solution provided by the Amazon Web Service hybrid computing service meets the disaster recovery and backup expectations of the company.

Regional Gardens limited must consider the business criticality and plan a good strategy for the monitoring and incident management program provided by the AWS solution for the hybrid computing service.

Regional Gardens limited has planned how the cloud based vendor will be integrated and configured into the existing IT stiff and operations.  The strategy need to contain the set up on how the upgrades and updates will be performed, launch or termination of operating system and how the company shall manage and control server images.

E-mail integration into cloud service.

Email integration into cloud service is through the Amazon simple email service to help Regional Gardens advertise, send, notify and transact through emails. Since its reliable for such as small business, the cost effective method of integration is the amazon SDK development tool into the existing software as a service application, Lin et al (2010).

The process:

1. Recruitment of expert developers on contract to design and code the email applications on the cloud. The process of recruitment would be fair through interviews and a tendering process.

The critical point in this step would be identification of the best of the best computer programmers. This is critical because the email service should be integrated once and therefore leaves no room for errors.

2. Identification of the most suitable programming language. From the many languages and software platforms such as c++, java, python and go offered on the Amazon web service, the best should be selected. Most suitable is the python programming language.
3. Installation of the language.
4. Design of the email instance application. This is a critical step in the migration process. The design should be simple enough to offer an easier to understand user interface.

The critical point and issue in the step is the design of a very complicated application. This is because it would be hard to understand and therefore will become less usable.

5. Coding of the email instance application. A slow and steady process to ensure accuracy to create a high quality application.
6. Testing on the online platform. Supervised by the project manager, the IT department stuff the company will test the email application for all the services required by the company executives.
7. The final stable version of the email application will be deployed on the software as a service platform to allow the clients of the company communicate.  
8. Exit process. The exit process after the termination of the contract and deployment of the email instance will include a plan and strategy on the maintenance of the email instance of the PaaS.

This is a critical point and the issues would include setting the responsibility of the security regulations, protection and policy of the email service.

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