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Discuss About The Journal Of Advances In Engineering Technology.

Answer:
Introduction:

SAP is the abbreviation of Systems Applications and Products within the domain of Data Processing. The SAP ISs are consist of various completely integrated software modules. These software modules are designed for supporting every aspect of business virtually. The ERP is the ICT product that is implemented in an organization for supporting business process management. Business process change is done within an organization to implement significant improvement in productivity.

The report represent the business processes change, change handling process, database of product sale and invoice generation and project time line based on the case study of Toyota Cars. The To-Be process signifies which parts of the organization will be improved to support proposed changes. The ERD shows the insight basic database structure.

 
Time Management Plan:

Task Name

Duration

Start

Finish

Predecessors

Resource Names

Cost

SAP Implementation

124 days

Thu 5/24/18

Tue 11/13/18

 

 

$10,840.00

   Planning

19 days

Thu 5/24/18

Tue 6/19/18

 

 

$1,888.00

      Problem Definition

3 days

Thu 5/24/18

Mon 5/28/18

 

Project Manager

$288.00

      Project Charter Development

3 days

Tue 5/29/18

Thu 5/31/18

2

Project Manager

$288.00

      Project Staff Employment

4 days

Fri 6/1/18

Wed 6/6/18

3

Project Manager

$384.00

      Selection of SDLC Model or Software Development Life Cycle

1 day

Thu 6/7/18

Thu 6/7/18

4

Analyst, Project Manager

$160.00

      Project Schedule Development

2 days

Fri 6/8/18

Mon 6/11/18

5

Project Manager

$192.00

      Project Budgeting

4 days

Tue 6/12/18

Fri 6/15/18

6

Project Manager

$384.00

      Allocate Resources Planning

2 days

Mon 6/18/18

Tue 6/19/18

7

Project Manager

$192.00

      Planning Phase Complete

0 days

Tue 6/19/18

Tue 6/19/18

8

 

$0.00

   System Analysis and Requirements

22 days

Wed 6/20/18

Thu 7/19/18

 

 

$1,792.00

      Identification of Business Requirements

4 days

Wed 6/20/18

Mon 6/25/18

9

Analyst

$256.00

      Identification of System Requirement

3 days

Tue 6/26/18

Thu 6/28/18

11

Analyst

$192.00

      Identification of User Requirement

2 days

Fri 6/29/18

Mon 7/2/18

12

Analyst

$128.00

      Verify Requirements

4 days

Tue 7/3/18

Fri 7/6/18

13

Analyst, Project Manager

$640.00

      Evaluating Requirement

4 days

Mon 7/9/18

Thu 7/12/18

14

Analyst

$256.00

      Documentation of Requirement

5 days

Fri 7/13/18

Thu 7/19/18

15

Analyst

$320.00

      System Analysis Phase Complete

0 days

Thu 7/19/18

Thu 7/19/18

16

 

$0.00

   Entire System Design

41 days

Fri 7/20/18

Fri 9/14/18

 

 

$3,088.00

      Architecture Designing of UK Library Online System

4 days

Fri 7/20/18

Wed 7/25/18

17

System Designer

$224.00

      UML Diagrams Designing

5 days

Thu 7/26/18

Wed 8/1/18

19

System Designer

$280.00

      Unit Design

2 days

Thu 7/26/18

Fri 7/27/18

19

 

$0.00

      Database Design

13 days

Thu 8/2/18

Mon 8/20/18

 

 

$1,352.00

         Selection of Attributes and Entities

3 days

Thu 8/2/18

Mon 8/6/18

20

SAP Database Developer, System Designer

$480.00

         Schema Diagram Creation

3 days

Tue 8/7/18

Thu 8/9/18

23

System Designer

$168.00

         Generate Entity Relationship Diagram or ERD

4 days

Fri 8/10/18

Wed 8/15/18

24

System Designer

$224.00

         Database Normalization

3 days

Thu 8/16/18

Mon 8/20/18

25

SAP Database Developer, System Designer

$480.00

      SAP Design

12 days

Tue 8/21/18

Wed 9/5/18

 

 

$840.00

         User Interaction Designing

4 days

Tue 8/21/18

Fri 8/24/18

26

SAP Designer

$256.00

         User Interface Designing

5 days

Mon 8/27/18

Fri 8/31/18

28

SAP Designer

$320.00

         Functionality Confirmation

3 days

Mon 9/3/18

Wed 9/5/18

29

SAP Developer

$264.00

      Network Diagram Designing

2 days

Thu 9/6/18

Fri 9/7/18

30

System Designer

$112.00

      Network Design

5 days

Mon 9/10/18

Fri 9/14/18

31

System Designer

$280.00

      Completion of Designing Phase

0 days

Fri 9/14/18

Fri 9/14/18

32

 

$0.00

   Development

41 days

Mon 9/17/18

Mon 11/12/18

 

 

$3,912.00

      Implement SAP

18 days

Mon 9/17/18

Wed 10/10/18

33

SAP Developer

$1,584.00

      Implement Unit Application

12 days

Thu 10/11/18

Fri 10/26/18

35

Coder

$1,248.00

      Implement Database

7 days

Mon 10/29/18

Tue 11/6/18

36

SAP Database Developer

$728.00

      Implement Network

4 days

Wed 11/7/18

Mon 11/12/18

37

SAP Developer

$352.00

      Complete of Development

0 days

Mon 11/12/18

Mon 11/12/18

38

 

$0.00

   Deployment

1 day

Tue 11/13/18

Tue 11/13/18

 

 

$160.00

      Go Live

1 day

Tue 11/13/18

Tue 11/13/18

39

Analyst, Project Manager

$160.00

      Deployment Completion

0 days

Tue 11/13/18

Tue 11/13/18

41

 

$0.00


Comparing “AS IS” and “TO BE” Process

The modified business processes will be greatly scalable and adaptive. The proposed SAP system will carry out most of the back office processes automatically. The business processes will be depended upon automated systems. The system will gather and retrieve the required data easily. This will eliminate the hassle of paperwork. Thus, the staff will be able to concentrate on his works properly.

 
Entity Relationship Diagram
Data Normalization

Table: Payment

Attribute

Constraint

Data Type

Payment_ID

Primary Key

Varchar (40)

Payment_Date

 

Varchar (40)

Payment_Amount

 

Varchar (40)

Invoice_Date

 

Varchar (40)

Invoice_Amount

 

Varchar (40)

Order_Quantity

 

Varchar (40)

Order_Date

 

Varchar (40)

Order_Amount

 

Varchar (40)

Model

 

Varchar (40)

Make

 

Varchar (40)

Manufacturer

 

Varchar (40)

Cost

 

Varchar (40)

License_number

 

Varchar (40)

Name

 

Varchar (40)

Address

 

Varchar (40)

Contact

 

Varchar (40)

Card_Holder_Name

 

Varchar (40)

Number

 

Varchar (40)

CVV

 

Varchar (40)

Expiery_Date

 

Varchar (40)

 

First Normal Form: In order to be in the first normal form, the database tables must not have any multivalued attribute. The following database table is consisting of single valued attributes.

Table: Payment

Attribute

Constraint

Data Type

Payment_ID

Primary Key

Varchar (40)

Payment_Date

 

Varchar (40)

Payment_Amount

 

Varchar (40)

Invoice_Date

 

Varchar (40)

Invoice_Amount

 

Varchar (40)

Order_Quantity

 

Varchar (40)

Order_Date

 

Varchar (40)

Order_Amount

 

Varchar (40)

Model

 

Varchar (40)

Make

 

Varchar (40)

Manufacturer

 

Varchar (40)

Cost

 

Varchar (40)

License_number

 

Varchar (40)

Name

 

Varchar (40)

Address

 

Varchar (40)

Contact

 

Varchar (40)

Card_Holder_Name

 

Varchar (40)

Number

 

Varchar (40)

CVV

 

Varchar (40)

Expiery_Date

 

Varchar (40)

Second Normal Form: The second normal form entails that the non-key attributes must be depended on the primary key only. Make, Manufacturer, Cost, License_number are depended on the model of the car. Therefore, the new table of car will be like.

Table: Car

Attribute

Constraint

Data Type

Car_ID

Primary

Varchar (40)

Model

 

Varchar (40)

Make

 

Varchar (40)

Manufacturer

 

Varchar (40)

Cost

 

Varchar (40)

License_number

 

Varchar (40)

As the first normal form demands that every table must have a primary key, we have provided Car_ID as the primary key of Car table.

Customer address and contact number is depended on the customer name. management, the new customer table will be as following.

Table: Customer

Attribute

Constraint

Data Type

Cust_ID

Primary

Varchar (40)

Name

 

Varchar (40)

Address

 

Varchar (40)

Contact

 

Varchar (40)

The Payment table will be as following.

Table: Payment

Attribute

Constraint

Data Type

Payment_ID

Primary Key

Varchar (40)

Cust_ID

Foreign key, reference to Customer table

Varchar (40)

Car_ID

Foreign key, reference to car table

Varchar (40)

Payment_Date

 

Date

Payment_Amount

 

Decimal (12,2)

Invoice_Date

 

Date

Invoice_Amount

 

Decimal (12,2)

Order_Quantity

 

Varchar (40)

Order_Date

 

Date

Order_Amount

 

Decimal (12,2)

Card_Holder_Name

 

Varchar (40)

Number

 

Varchar (40)

CVV

 

Varchar (40)

Expiery_Date

 

Varchar (40)

Third Normal Form: In order to be in third normal form, the database tables must not have any transitive dependency. If we remove the transitive dependency, then the following tables are discovered.

Table: Payment

Attribute

Constraint

Data Type

Payment_ID

Primary Key

Varchar (40)

Invoice_ID

Foreign key, reference to Invoice table

Varchar (40)

Card_ID

Foreign key, reference to Card table

Varchar (40)

Payment_Date

 

Date

Payment_Amount

 

Decimal (12,2)

Table: Invoice

Attribute

Constraint

Data Type

Invoice_ID

Primary Key

Varchar (40)

Invoice_Date

 

Date

Invoice_Amount

 

Decimal (12,2)

Table: Order

Attribute

Constraint

Data Type

Order_ID

Primary Key

Varchar (40)

Cust_ID

Foreign key, reference to Customer table

Varchar (40)

Car_ID

Foreign key, reference to car table

Varchar (40)

Quantity

 

Varchar (40)

Date

 

Date

Amount

 

Decimal (12,2)

Table: Order

Attribute

Constraint

Data Type

Card_ID

Primary Key

Varchar (40)

Card_Holder_Name

 

Varchar (40)

Number

 

Varchar (40)

CVV

 

Varchar (40)

Expiery_Date

 

Varchar (40)

Testing

The system will be tested through black box and white box testing. Other than that system will be debugged by the programmers themselves in the testing phase. The test team will test the developed unit and check whether these units are able to carry out desired functions. The test team will send a document to development team after each test. This document will hold the information on the outcome of the test. Test will also include the unit testing.  

 
Training

The management of Toyota cars will be trained to see auto generated reports. In addition to that, they will also generate reports for head of every department. The management will have a chat section. They will get trained to make full use of chat interface. The staff will be trained to get required information from the system and input information. The sales team will be trained to get customer information and inventory details. The inventory staff will get order details from the system and input the status of delivery. The training will be provided to each team members twice a week. The content writer will create a manual of the system. This manual will be shared among all the users.

System Changeover
  1. Change Identification:The initial move toward deal with the change is distinguishing it. The proposed framework will change the entire interior procedure of The SAP. The correspondence medium, data get to and numerous different things will change through the course of time. The change will happen additionally association wide as the information gather, handling and data age process will increment essentially.
  2. Presenting a Strong Business Case to Stakeholders:The capable individual will meet the prerequisite of every single partner. The partners will be furnished with enough data so that can comprehend the significance of the undertaking and have confidence in it. They will get measurable and quantitative data on the effect of proposed change.
  • Change PlanningArranging is a critical advance toward overseeing change. The Project Manager of SAP System Development Project will perceive how the change will influence the present procedure. What's more, the undertaking supervisor will distinguish the procedures after the framework arrangement. The PM will design the change administration according to the business target of The SAP with the goal that change can have best effect on the association. This arranging will incorporate the end-clients and their advantage.
Report to Top Management

With due regard I need to inform Project Manager that the attempted project is one of the methods for actualizing computerized forms with Toyota Cars. The Information System will enter information from all the conceivable sources and create information for business help. The project has six stages, for example, arranging, investigation, outline, actualize, test and send. The extent of the project is to actualize an association wide system that can deal with business procedures and bolster Toyota's destinations. It is prescribed to PM that System Post Implementation must be completed appropriately.

 
Conclusion:

From the above report it can be concluded that SAP implementation will be a huge advantage to Toyota Cars. The business process change will provide a great advantage to productivity by automating the back processes. The staff and management of the organization will be able to concentrate on their core works. Moreover, management will be able to see accurate and desired data quickly. The whole process is based on the architecture of the system. The system will be collecting and storing data virtually, thus eliminating the need of any paper based works. Moreover, the organization will be able to store data as long as they require.

 
References

Al-Masree, HK, 2015, ‘Extracting Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) from relational database schema’, International Journal of Database Theory and Application, vol. 8, no. 3, pp.15-26.

Barokati, N, Wajdi, N & Barid, M, 2017, ‘Application Design Library With gamification concept. Jurnal Lentera: Kajian Keagamaan’, Keilmuan dan Teknologi, vol. 3, no. 1, pp.93-102.

Becker, J, Delfmann, P, Eggert, M & Schwittay, S 2012, ‘Generalizability and applicability of model-based business process compliance-checking approaches—a state-of-the-art analysis and research roadmap’, Business Research, vol. 5, no. 2, pp.221-247.

Briggs, JA, Wolvetang, EJ, Mattick, JS, Rinn, JL & Barry G 2015, ‘Mechanisms of long non-coding RNAs in mammalian nervous system development, plasticity, disease, and evolution’, Neuron, vol. 88, no. 5, pp.861-877.

Bruton, K, Raftery, P, O'Donovan, P, Aughney, N, Keane, MM & O'Sullivan, DTJ 2014, ‘Development and alpha testing of a cloud based automated fault detection and diagnosis tool for Air Handling Units’, Automation in Construction, vol. 39, pp.70-83.

Byatt, N, Pbert, L, Hosein, S, Swartz, HA, Weinreb, L, Allison, J & Ziedonis, D 2016, ‘PRogram In Support of Moms (PRISM): development and beta testing’, Psychiatric Services, vol. 67, no. 8, pp.824-826.

Chavan, MM & Dongre, YV 2015, ‘MULTI-NODE DATABASE APPLICATION DEPLOYMENT ON LAMP ARCHITECTURE’, International Journal of Advances in Civil Engineering & Technology, vol. 7, no. 6, p.1721.

de Oliveira, FB, Bartscher, M, Neuschaefer-Rube, U, Tutsch, R & Hiller, J 2017, ‘Creating a multi-material length measurement error test for the acceptance testing of dimensional computed tomography systems’, KU Leuven, Leuven iCT, pp.07-09.

Fleming, QW & Koppelman, JM 2016, Earned value project management, Project Management Institute.

Kerzner, H & Kerzner, HR 2017, Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling, John Wiley & Sons.

Sarkar, D, Jana, T & Saha, S, 2015, ‘LMPID: A manually curated database of linear motifs mediating protein–protein interactions’, Database, 2015.

Schwalbe, K 2015, Information technology project management, Cengage Learning.

Zhai, C & Lafferty, J 2017, ‘A study of smoothing methods for language models applied to ad hoc information retrieval’, In ACM SIGIR Forum, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 268-276, ACM.

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