Essay: Boosting Physical Activity In Obese Children For Healthier Lives.

Help Notes: Give us a short title that we could use for publicity purposes. Try to make it unique to your project.

Healthy Lifestyle: Increasing Physical Activity Amongst Children with Obesity

Help Notes: Describe your project. By ‘project’ we mean the activities you plan to carry out using our grant. Be specific about what you will do, how you will do it and what you would spend the grant on.

Funding will be crucial in creating awareness among the parents as well as their children on the importance of engaging in physical activities and the dangers of obesity. The awareness will take place in community centres as well as the schools. In general, creating awareness aims to ensure that the children engage in physical activities and promote healthy eating habits among children as they grow up. According to CDC (n.d.), there is a need to encourage children to engage in physical activities. CDC (n.d.) recommends that children participate in physical activities for at least an hour. Young kids should always be active, and that means they should play. One of the foundations of building a healthy lifestyle for kids is safely encouraging play and unstructured movement. Besides, parents are supposed to lead children in engaging in such activities. Unfortunately, most parents in the current society do not find enough time to engage with their children daily. Promoting these healthy habits is critical since studies have shown that individuals are hesitant to alter their habits despite being aware of the hazards linked with obesity and physical inactivity (Kelly and Barker, 2016). The funding will also be crucial for engaging children in physical activities within society. The funding will be essential in organizing and operating weekly activities and sports sessions. The sessions will last only an hour and engage the children in different activities every week. The variety of sports and activities will ensure every child has the freedom and options to choose from different options. Young people and kids need to be active in two physical activities; activities that help in strengthening bones and muscles and aerobic activities (NHS, 2022).

Moreover, those below 18 and above five years of age should participate in different types of physical activities with varying intensities to help develop their bones, muscles, and movement skills. On the same note, these physical activities help reduce the time of inactivity for children by engaging them in activity. The kids will engage in football, cricket, tennis, dances, aerobics, circuits, athletics, squash, basketball, rugby, and netball. The funds will be crucial for weekly booking activity spaces in schools and community centres. Moreover, there will be a need to hire coaches and instructors who will lead the children in the activities and the sports; at least each activity will require one personnel. Also, the funding will help buy some of the equipment vital for participating in the activities and sports. Besides, most of the children targeted in this project are from low SES households. According to Leonard and Pruitt (2017), individuals and families with lower socioeconomic status (SES) have fewer means to protect themselves from the harmful impacts of bad health and are more likely to suffer from poor health. Moreover, the funding will help in buying wearables for physical activities. According to Duking et al. (2020), wearables help improve physical activity.

Start date (day/month/year): 1^st March 2022

End date (day/month/year): 1^st March 2023

2.4: Where are the people who will benefit from your project based? Please do not exceed 200 words

Help Notes: Tell us the local authority area where the people who will benefit from your project are based. If the people who will benefit are from a number of places, give the local authority area where the most people will benefit

Local authority area: According to Caprio et al. (2008), while childhood obesity grows across all racial and ethnic groups, it is more prevalent in non-white communities. The causes for the disparities in childhood obesity prevalence among populations are complicated. And most likely involve the environment, socioeconomic status (SES), culture, physiology, genetics, and interconnections between these elements and others that are not entirely understood. Acknowledging the impact of these factors on physical activity and dietary habits that contribute to obesity is crucial for creating effective clinical therapies. Including government policies to treat and prevent juvenile obesity. According to McDermott and Potton (2008), Barking and Dagenham had one of the highest levels of childhood obesity in the UK at 20.8% in 2006/2007 among 11-year-olds. This project will focus on the Barking and Dagenham areas, where it will look to help children minimize inactivity and reduce obesity. Several studies show that the rate of obesity in East London is relatively high compared to the national percentage. In comparison with other neighboring boroughs that share similar demographic characteristics like Newham (23%), Tower Hamlets (23%), and Hackney (24%). Barking and Dagenham areas had average levels of childhood obesity (McDermott & Potton, 2008).

Help Notes: Make sure you explain the problems or issues your project aims to address.

In 2006, while 24 percent of people over the age of 16 were fat, 16 percent of 2-15-year-old kids were one-quarter of the grown-up populace, with women and men being comparably likely to be obese. In 1993, 15% of the population was unemployed. Child obesity is highly probable to be a starting point for adult overweight. After all, McDermott and Potton (2008) discovered that 79% of fat 10-14-year-olds and 55% of obese 6-9-year-olds remain overweight in later life. While comparable 2007 prevalence numbers for Barking and Dagenham (23.4%) were not substantially distinct from the national rate (21.8%). Over a quarter of persons in both boroughs being obese is unacceptable from a public health standpoint (Zaninotto et al., 2006). Obesity in childhood has numerous negative repercussions, including an increased chance of Type 2 diabetes, a risk factor for other complications like cardiovascular disease (Geng et al., 2018). Men over the age of 35 with a larger waist size are twice as likely as women to get Type 2 diabetes, while women are four times more likely (McDermott & Potton, 2008). Diabetes is also becoming more common: in 2006, the prescriptions provided for pharmacological treatments for overweight were eight times higher than in 1999, an increase that cannot be attributed purely to the presence of newer, more effective pharmacological treatments or a shift in patients' treatment (McDermott & Potton, 2008). Early mortality rates from stroke and heart disease in Barking and Dagenham, while reducing over the previous decade, highlight the interconnectedness of these health conditions and remain higher than national norms. In 2007, just 17 percent of individuals in these boroughs were classified as 'healthy eaters,' and 8.4 percent were classified as 'physically active,' which were lower than national norms. This trend of being overweight, insufficient activity, and a bad diet may explain why kids in Barking and Dagenham have higher rates of obesity than the national average. Data shows that 28.5 percent of kids aged 10 to 11 years and 13.7 percent of kids under 4-5 years are obese (London Sport Insight portal, 2017). Other effects are linked to child obesity. According to one research, highly obese teenagers had a high lifetime incidence rate for disordered eating, stress disorder, anxiety, and emotional problems. These challenges typically arise after the beginning of obesity. In a meta-analysis of pertinent papers, Danielsen et al. (2012) discovered that lower self-esteem is associated with higher self-perceived weight. Furthermore, this association is influenced by "kids' experiences with taunting and parental judgement of their size," as well as gender and age. McDermott and Potton (2008) find that a transition from underweight to overweight during the first four years of elementary education is a "significant risk factor for unsatisfactory school results among females."  For boys, such a transition was connected with an increase in absenteeism. The repercussions and consequences of obesity and overweight in teenage years and childhood are countless. The majority of them are detrimental and unappealing to physical and mental well-being. Physical inactivity and obesity are significant causes of chronic health problems and mortality in adult years.

Help Notes: Describe the expected outcomes from your project here. Think about the change or difference your project will have on the local community or target beneficiaries.

Most individuals in the United Kingdom and across the globe are aware of the impacts of obesity and inactivity on children's health as well as adults. However, despite the government's efforts to bring awareness to the general public, there has been no significant change in the number of obese children. Also, there is no significant increase in the number of children who engage in physical activity. Obesity has negative consequences on adolescents and youth, increasing the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and increasing morbidity (Caprio et al., 2008). Hypertension, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and hyperglycemia are among the cardiovascular risk factors associated with childhood obesity indicative of adult-onset coronary heart disease. Furthermore, pediatric obesity is linked to chronic renal illness, asthma, ovarian hyperandrogenism, fatty liver, orthopaedic issues, asthma, and obstructive sleep apnea. From the kid's perspective, a significant impact of obesity may be psychological, such as poor self-image, poor academic results, and social withdrawal. This project will directly engage children in activities and sports that increase their active involvement in physical activity. Despite the ongoing campaigns on the detrimental effects of inactivity and obesity among children, this project will encourage more awareness amongst the parents as well as the children. Moreover, the project will aim to engage teens and children in ways that emphasize building positive attitudes towards physical activities and sports without focusing on body weight. Besides, to reach the goal, this project will mainly focus on the families while also pointing out the unhealthy foods that children are supposed to avoid. This project will reduce the resources that the community uses to treat the illnesses that arise from lack of physical activity and obesity among children. Lastly, it will improve the children's psychological well-being. Jenkins et al. (2021) point out that physical activity improves psychological health.

Help Notes: If you have identified any groups who could benefit but are less likely to take part, explain why this is the case and what you will do to tackle it. If your project will involve the wider community tell us how. If you plan to restrict who can take part in your project, you should explain why

This project will focus on the boroughs of outer London. Children and teenagers living in areas of Barking and Dagenham will be the focus of this project. According to LBBD (2020), studies show that helping others and showing acts of kindness are suitable for individuals' well-being and mental health. It can assist in strengthening relationships, deepening solidarity, and developing a sense of community. It also helps in improving emotional well-being and even reduces stress. Therefore, this project will use acts of kindness to draw people from different areas of Barking and Dagenham starting from churches to orphanages. Moreover, community meetings and workshops will be significant areas for informing the parents on the essence of allowing their children to engage in physical activities and creating awareness of the dangers of childhood obesity. Again, the project will reach out to children through schools. Brochures and flyers will be distributed to all the schools, encouraging them to participate in sports and activities. Moreover, it will be possible to educate the children on the significance of physical activities for both mental and physical health through schools. At the same time, schools will be a good place for providing activity schedules to children. Statista (2021) states that in 2020 87% of kids (12-15) used social media. Social media and other popular digital sites will be essential for creating awareness amongst teenagers and kids on the importance of engaging in sports and physical activities 

According to the Code of Ethics and Conduct (2018), individuals must follow four ethical principles while engaging with society as a whole. Integrity, responsibility, competence, and respect are the four ethical standards. Given these ethical criteria, the initiative will target obese kids, and hence ethical permission from caregivers and guardians is required. Parents will be enlightened about the project's goals and the consequences of lack of physical activity and overweight, as well as their contribution to the successful completion of a project.

Help Notes: What are the aims of this project?  Why have you chosen the approach described in section 2.2 to address the problem described in section 3.1 and what evidence is there that it will be successful?

This initiative will target obese, inactive youngsters in order to enhance their mental and physical health as they develop. These objectives will be accomplished and evaluated in light of social cognition theory, which claims that cognitive and situational variables interact to determine behavior (Bandura, 2014). These goals will first try to reduce children's obesity because of its increased prevalence and related health hazards, such as coronary heart disease, diabetes, and early mortality, among other illnesses caused by obesity (Franks et al., 2010). According to research, being overweight has also been related to lower productivity and a lower quality of life (Stevens, 2011). Furthermore, this initiative will seek to encourage kids to participate in more physical activities, with the objective of reducing the time youngsters spend being inactive. It is critical to achieving these objectives. After all, they are critical to the initiative since they will relieve the demand for public services while also benefiting the kids involved. Increased physical activity and decreased obesity result in good physiological and psychological improvements (Huang et al., 2013).

The current project's location and population are critical to the aim. Kids from disadvantaged households, notably Indigenous families and those from low socioeconomic origins, have a higher prevalence of obesity in high-income nations (Laws et al., 2014). Furthermore, research has indicated that obesity prevention and treatments in teens and children should be concentrated in low-income communities due to increasing physical inactivity and the high prevalence of obesity in these areas (Laws et al., 2014). It is particularly critical to target low-income neighborhoods, as people in these areas often have less accessibility to physical activity-related amenities (Laws et al.,2014). Increasing facility accessibility by guaranteeing that all athletic and activity-related facilities are accessible to all kids who participate in these activities is one avenue that the current initiative will use to combat obesity and physical inactivity. The necessity of having sporting facilities available may be seen in connection to the social cognitive theory.

Situational circumstances, like the availability of facilities, will impact kids' behavior due to the interplay between their situational and personal elements, according to reciprocal determinism. According to Bandura (2014), a person's thinking is influenced by their surroundings, but their environment influences their following conduct. To put it another way, the environment affects how an individual feels and thinks, which influences their behavior, which influences the surroundings, and so on. Jones et al. (2015) show how quality and access to resources are critical to eliminating socioeconomic gaps and enhancing PA. According to Lee et al. (2015), the availability of high-quality resources encourages individuals to participate in more physical exercise. Physical exercise, according to Lipnowski et al. (2012), is one strategy that may be utilized to maintain this balance by increasing the number of non-structured and structured activities that children participate in. The capacity to offer activity sessions that promote physical activity supports the current project's inclusion and usage of schools. Furthermore, schools have a one-of-a-kind mix of variables that make them an ideal setting for fostering physical exercise in such a huge number of students. Schools have already developed facilities that can contribute to the project's objectives.

According to Fenton (2012), communities should advocate for the utilization of leisure time for physical exercise in order to combat childhood and teenage obesity. This underlines the significance of the community and schools in supporting children's and adolescents' health. As a result, schools and community centres will play a significant position in the initiative by providing the resources and space needed to encourage healthy living among children and teenagers. Furthermore, Kelishadi and Azizi-Soleiman (2014) argue that schools can implement programs that encourage healthy eating habits and physical activity. Furthermore, Kelishadi and Azizi-Soleiman (2014) argue that, among other interventional programs for addressing childhood obesity, a multidisciplinary strategy in schools involving kid's families may be the most successful and viable strategy. Therefore, the sessions will involve a combination of dietary advice and information and offer a range of sports and exercises that engage the children. Furthermore, research demonstrates that combining both PA and nutrition into treatments has long-term advantages on obesity levels (Samdal et al., 2017).

School-based interventions successfully reduce obesity (Wang et al., 2015). Furthermore, combination diet–physical activity programs administered in schools with community and home elements or physical activity-only programs offered in schools with home inclusion have substantial evidence. According to Hills et al. (2015), the effects of physical activity go beyond biology and incorporate several psychosocial effects such as increased self-worth and self-confidence and decreased stress, anxiety, and sadness. Furthermore, the motor-related and health fitness components are indicators of health conditions.

Giving awareness about safety and healthy eating choices is also crucial, in addition to providing opportunities and facilities. This understanding may predispose one to choose a healthy diet and change their eating habits (World Health Organization, 2010). Knowledge's significance as a risk factor may be related to cognitive variables in the social cognitive model. Positive reinforcement and self-efficacy, which increase participants' belief in their abilities to participate in healthy activities, may make them more inclined to engage in these actions (Parkinson et al., 2017). However, given that information alone is not often sufficient to change behavior, it is critical that this be simply one component of a comprehensive, multifaceted approach for the project. Furthermore, Hills et al. (2015) propose that using evidence-based physical education programs and including parents may generate the best effects.

Furthermore, physical instructors must be essential drivers of behaviour change, health, and physical literacy in order to maximise adolescent and kid activity (Hils et al., 2015). This initiative attempts to include a variety of interventions.

Help Notes: How will the project’s success be measured? Tell us about the measures you would use, when data would be collected and how it would be analysed.

Several measures will be used to assess the efficacy of this initiative. Focus groups and interviews with parents will be undertaken at the conclusion of the experiment, as well as at the beginning, to identify any alterations in kids' eating practises. The initiative's success will also be determined by analysing kids' physical activity. The study will look at whether physical activity levels rise and what percentage of youngsters meet the necessary criteria. A variety of measures, similar to those used to diagnose obesity, will establish whether kids are fulfilling these requirements. Firstly, it will involve self-report exercise questionnaires for the kids. The "Physical Activity Questionnaire for Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A)" will be beneficial in assessing the activities of the children (Voss et al., 2017). It is effective for tracking activity in kids above the age of eight and under the age of twenty. To counteract any social inaccuracies and social desirability, it will be necessary to involve caregivers in filling out these surveys.

In addition, a variety of physical activity devices will be used to measure physical activities throughout sessions. The World Health Organization is evaluating wearable and digital solutions, like accelerometers and pedometers, in overall population monitoring of physical exercise in adults, as per Physical activity (2020). Kids will be included in this effort. It will help shape the creation of revised worldwide guidelines for tracking sedentary behaviour and physical activity. It may be used to track physical activity by coaches, trainers, and youngsters. However, research has found that different wearables manufacturers produce varying physical activity threshold mistakes. This study emphasises the drawbacks of utilising wearables.

Again, the examination will be related to obesity and will include noting the individual's BMI. BMI is the most generally used metric for determining obesity. It is simple to compute because it simply needs an individual's height and weight (Peltz et al., 2010). BMI, on the other hand, does not discriminate between fat and lean body mass. Even so, there is much scepticism regarding the accuracy of BMI compared to other measures such as percentage body fat. This restriction is highlighted by the fact that 50.7 percent of women and 46.2 percent of men classified as overweight or normal body weight by BMI were obese when BIA was performed. Aside from underestimating obesity, disparities in PBF and BMI are more significant in women than in men throughout ethnicities. When utilising BMI, the increased PBF generally reported in women is not compensated for. Given that the initiative will be targeting an overweight group for which BMI might be difficult to estimate precisely, the waist-hip ratio will be used in this evaluation.

The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) are good illness indicators. They have been demonstrated to be more accurate predictors of all-cause death than BMI (Czernichow et al., 2011). Body fat distribution is also a well-established indicator of early mortality, some malignancies, metabolic abnormalities, and cardiovascular disease. One disadvantage of this technique is that the WHO's specified cutoff values for abdominal obesity may not be acceptable for nonadult age groups or non-Caucasian people (Peltz et al., 2010). Nonetheless, the approach is basic and straightforward, needing merely measurements of the relevant body areas with a non-elastic tape measure. These measurements will be conducted at the outset of the project and throughout the programs. Further tests will take place quarterly after completion to evaluate the long-term impacts.

5.1 Please provide a list of the resources required to run this project (e.g. staffing, equipment, facilities, training etc.).  Please do not exceed 140 words

Help Notes: You are not expected to provide details of how much each item on the list will cost. You need only to identify what the funding will be spent on. To give you an indication of the scale of project to propose the total cost for the project should be between £5000 to £50,000.

The expenditures of this project will aid in a variety of ways related to accomplishing the project's objectives.

· First, the funds will help with the cost of renting equipment for the activities outlined in section 2.2.

· Second, the financing will assist in offering subsidised activity pricing or sessions for parents, making the project more accessible while also providing a source of revenue.

· Third, exercise and sport psychology practitioners who are familiar with physical activity and health-related activities and activity recommendations.

· Additionally, the cash will assist in hiring nutrition specialists who will advise and offer helpful information on good diets to both parents and kids.

· Again, the funds will be used to employ coaches who will guide the youngsters in their participation in activities and sports. The number will vary based on children’s numbers.

· Finally, there are employment centres for the sessions.

6.1 Please provide a full list of all references referred to in this application: Excluded from the word count

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