Strategies For Addressing Social Injustices And Vulnerabilities In Essay.

Describe the social conditions (eg. institutions, social values, cultural practices, beliefs, attitudes, conflicts etc.) that interact to produce vulnerable groups and discuss strategies that can be implemented by Nation States to assist these vulnerable groups.

“Efforts to address conflicts, social injustices, inequalities and poverty both at home (Australia) and abroad through the United Nations and significant Non Government Organisations have produced mixed results. In this work students will examine an issue on vulnerable persons and groups and discuss and critique efforts by the UN, Governments and Non-Government Organisations to address and alleviate these social problems so as to achieve peace and encourage/enable development.”

The world must focus on pursuing consolidated results which underline the global nature of conflicts resolution and the Agenda for Sustainable Development 2030, aspects that Ortiz and Rabi (2012) denotes as closely related.  Countries must, therefore, invest in infrastructure, the building of more accountable and efficient learning institutions, promoting social co-existence and supporting gender equity. Thus, successful outcomes of development would activate more pacifistic relations between people since conflicts could only lead to push back from the international donors who may be compelled to walk away from their development commitments thus a disadvantage to the doneness. If anything, the post-2000 cadre should be based on the principal guaranteed parity. It embodies responsibility of countries, acting alone or under the international communities in taking effective measures in identifying and addressing the entrenched discrimination. The study, therefore, focuses on exhuming the goals, indicators, and targets directed at reducing such bias by addressing both social and economic requirements of the extremely marginalized societies thereby breaking wealth inequities entirely.

UNICEF ( 2013) notes that the links between poverty and discrimination have been the focus of many Human Rights Activists; he asserts that most recent studies suggest that approximately two-thirds of those who live in adverse poverty are from lower-income countries and middle-low income states. Besides, about 80percent of people with disabilities come from the third world countries hence demonstrating the impact of invalidity and poverty by extensively addressing the needs of those with disabilities in developing the world. Ortiz and Rabi (2012) also states that according to the UN, human rights laws prohibit segregation on a wide range of grounds like race, sex, color, religion, language, political, nationality and origin. He argues that such discriminatory act or any other forms differential treatment may lead to conflicts thus addressing such inequalities can be an essential component in reducing poverty. Muslims who are a minority group in both Australia and Burma comprise the most marginalized; on several occasions, there have been cases in which such groups are denied the right to obtain citizenship (Human Rights Watch 2012, p. 13). In other instances, they have been rendered stateless by their religion thereby posing a serious problem on curbing terrorism acts globally.

Those from the small races as well as ethnic communities is showing disproportion on how it is represented for instance in the Australian and the Us judiciary; to begin with, despite the African Americans accounting for a mere 13 percent of the population of the US, they constitute 28.4 percent of total detentions. The department of Justice Statistics approximates the number of detainees to be 3.1 percent for the Negro community, 1.3 percent for the males of Latin decent and a meager 0.5 percent for Americans who are white. CRPD (2012) notes that this kind of disproportion is because of the growing feeling that those involved in the ethnic and racial minorities are more susceptible compared to the white majority to suffer legal discrimination and stigma in  seeking employment, public resources, education and housing, therefore, prone to committing crimes.

Conclusion

 On the other hand, racial discrimination has also been found to be the most lethal sword used by the Australians against the nonindigenous, for instance, those from the Muslim community are mistreated on a daily basis particularly at the workplaces. In Europe, Roma and other minor national minorities comprise the poorest as well as being among the most discriminated upon in the constitution, public institutions, and federal laws. The Rohingya also encounter movement restrictions, access to opportunity, employment, education, and marriage. For many years, they have been faced with discrimination by the government security officers such as torture, arbitrary detention, and rape on the basis of ethnic or religious grounds. It has also limited their potential in participating in the government policies and strategies to reduce poverty which restricts access to justice, compounding the problem.

Save the children (2012) points out that in Bangladesh, discrimination on the family laws, separation, marriage have been found to push women to poverty despite the country being perceived as a good example of a successful nation towards the achievement of the Millennium goals of alleviating poverty. Studies show that Bangladesh family laws create greater barriers women’s divorce than men; providing a vague guide on the claims of maintenance, ignoring women’s participation in the home affairs, lack of clear guidance on the division of family property upon divorce or death. The UN Bangladesh team recently outlined separation, divorce and marriage instability as fundamental causes of poverty and that women are more vulnerable to poverty upon uncoupling or separation. However, currently, there have been indicators that demonstrate Bangladesh’s success towards the alleviation of poverty through the sensitization of women on how such discriminatory laws impact them.

There have also been documentations on the widespread discrimination that children with disabilities experience in Nepal (World Bank 2015, p. 46). They are denied the chance of accessing school to realize their right to go get education by various obstacles which include unqualified teaching staff, lack of proper learning equipment, negative attitude towards children with disabilities and lack of transport. It is because of such conflicts that children with disabilities make a greater representation of young people who are left out of the learning institutions in Nepal. These patterns are not only noticeable in Nepal but are also seen in other parts of the world. Young people with disabilities are argued to be unlikely to start school and strive to the college levels compared to the non-disabled children. Developmental strategies should be put in place in ensuring full unbiased service provision to those with disabilities. Thus, governments and international organizations should address the obstacles that keep children with disabilities out of school.

Similarly, it was noted that the antiretroviral treatment in Kenya had limited impact on the government and the nongovernmental organizations failed in addressing the abuse, discrimination and stigma that those living with HIV suffer. The United Nations Watch also identified forms of discrimination that young victims of the killer disease faced in their bid to access treatment tests.  It is because of such discrimination that Kenya’s HIV care programs never provided the antiretroviral drugs effectively to its needy citizenry.

Conclusion

It is everyone’s expectation that all the governments enforce human rights within their jurisdiction; with particular action on the lawbreakers, to ensure equity. The abandonment of discrimination and the subsequent address of inequality require a wider range of fully implemented programs and policies. It could as well require a change in the allocation of resources, by devoting greater resources to marginalized groups. Such strategies would enable different countries to have a clear obligation in ending discrimination within the law. Enactment of such effective policies against discrimination by both private actors government is a crucial step since its failure may lead to skewed results of poverty alleviation programs. Other forms of discrimination that seem to be propagated by the government may sabotage developmental activities meant for particular sections of the society even when the entire country seem to meet the objectives.

References

CESCR General Comment No. 20, at para 10. Retrieved January 8, 2013, retrieved January 8, 2013, from https://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cescr/comments.htm.

Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), adopted December 13, 2014 by G.A. Res. 61/106, Annex I, U.N.GAOR, 61st Sess., Supp. No. 49 at 65, U.N. Doc A/61/49.

De Albuquerque, C. (2010). Report to the General Assembly. UN Doc. No. A/65/254. Retrieved January 8, 2013, from https://daccess-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N10/477/84/PDF/N1047784.pdf?O...

Human Rights Watch. (2012). Second Class Citizens: Discrimination Against Roma, Jews, and Other National Minorities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/news/2012/04/04/bosnia-and-herzegovina-roma-jews-face...

Human Rights Watch. (2013). Rights Displaced: Forced Returns of Roma, Ashkali and Egyptians from Western Europe to Kosovo. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/reports/2010/10/28/rights-displaced-0; Human Rights Watch. (2009). Poisoned by Lead: A Health and Human Rights Crisis in Mitrovica’s Roma Camps. Retrieved from https://www.hrw.org/reports/2009/06/23/kosovo-poisoned-lead

Ortiz, I., Fajth, G., Yablonski , J., & Rabi, A. (2012). Social Protection: Accelerating the MDGs with Equity. UNICEF. Retrieved December 4, 2012, from https://www.unicef.org/socialpolicy/files/Social_Protection_Accelerating_...(1).pdf

Save the Children. (2012). Born equal: How reducing inequality could give our children a better future. Retrieved from https://www.savethechildren.org.uk/sites/default/files/images/Born_Equal.pdf

Special Rapporteur on the human right to safe drinking water and sanitation. (2012). Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved December 14, 2012, from https://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/WaterAndSanitation/SRWater/Pages/SRWaterI...

World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons. (2012). UN Enable. Retrieved December 4, 2012, from https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/enable/diswpa04.htm, 4.