Impact Of Holiday Working Visa Employee On Hotel Operations: Park Hyatt, Sydney Essay.

Employees are the significant part of effective organizational operations. Managing a team of skilled and committed employees helps the businesses in developing a significant edge within the market. This section of the study will focus on evaluating the impact of holiday working visa on operations of the hotel industry. WHV is a government initiated program in Australia which provides tourists to work within the country for a short period of time. This strategy has a significant contribution in enhancing the national income of the nation. However the stated measure has also resulted in affecting the hotel operations of the country. WHV has positively affected employment demand within the organization. This section of the study will evaluate the significance of present research. Purpose and problem associated with the same will also be discussed in the stated segment.

Short term employments within an organization create significant changes thus affecting the working arrangements in a significant manner. It has been evaluated that organizations seek a strong team of committed employees for long term growth and development of an organization. However the changing perspectives in the present era have changed the stated belief in a significant manner. Hotel industry is one of the fastest and most widely growing sectors of the world. The stated industry offers wide range of services to its consumers thus affecting the business operations directly. Employee contribution has a direct impact on organizational performance within the industry. Managing a team of long term employees affect the business output and productivity thus creating a competitive edge within the market. However the current trends reflect that short term employment may prove to be effective for the firm. This may result in saving the training and development costs of the firm. In addition to these flexible working aspects helps in ensuring significant cross teams for effective results. 

Holiday working Visa program is a unique tourism strategy adopted by Australia where young adult group (18-30 years) of tourists can live in the country while supporting them for a short period of time. The impact of short term employment is perceived to be ineffective for the organizational operations as it demand continuous changes within the organization (Tan and Lester, 2012). However changing working culture in the country from last few decades has created a significant impact on employers’ expectations staff requirements. Hotel industry is one of the sectors which demand a team of skilled and competent employees to attain the business objectives effectively (Jarvis and Peel, 2013). The present study will focus on evaluating the impact of short term employment through the stated programs on hotel operations in Australia.

Problem Statement

Traditional theories and practices believe that long term employment is useful and beneficial for organizational growth and profitability. However changing HRM trends within the economy has created a significant impact on overall operations of the nations (Joppe, 2012). The impact of short term employment is effective means of cost reduction and enhancing flexibility of working within Hotel sector. It enhances productivity and efficiency of the organizations by developing effective team at low cost. Moreover high growth aspects in the sector ensures employee participant in the industry as well (Smith and et.al., 2016).

Park Hyatt is a chain of luxury hotels delivering full services to its guests. It has effectively established its hotel chains in the global world. The business unit has developed a well defined growth within the market. Australian market has scope of growth to create high profitability within the market. The organization has adopted unique means of working within the economy which has helped the firm in setting effective milestones of development. It has been analyzed that employees plays a significant role in enhancing consumer experience in the organization. In order to ensure employee loyalty Park Hyatt focuses on managing effective team of employees to ensure quality services within the market. The study will focus on analyzing the impact of short term employment on organizational performance. Different theoretical models will be applied in the study to analyze the impact of the same over the industry. This will help in understanding the trends of HRM to create a well defined impact on business development.

The present working trends within the economy has proved that short term employment has created a significant growth impact on organizational productivity and success. However theories states that long term employment proves to highly beneficial for the organizational development. High rate of tourism has a direct impact on Hospitality sector as well. The current study will focus on analyzing the impact of short term employment on hotel industry of the nation. The present research will help in developing significant awareness to overcome the challenges due to changing HRM practices. The analysis will contribute widely to business and academic researches as well.

The research will explore to evaluate whether employees working on WHV has helped the business to grow. Moreover the analysis of this government strategy on business development will also be critically evaluated to ensure positive developmental measures for the businesses. Both the positive negative impact of the strategy will be critically determined to observe a justified impact of WHV on hotel operations in the current competitive era of Australia.

Significance of the Research

Changing trends of employment and human resource management has created a significant impact on different industries of different countries. Australia is a multicultural nation which is significantly affected by tourism industry (Smith, and et.al., 2016). The topic has very limited data as few researches have been carried out on the same. The study will prove to be of great significance for the organizations which focuses on hiring the staff on short term contracts (Howe and Reilly, 2015). Research findings will help in creating a detailed evaluation regarding the challenges associated with different HRM practices and its impact on organizational operations.  Also different strategies will be recommended to overcome the challenges faced by the business organizations. Moreover the stated research will contribute effectively in academic as well as business researches (Tan and Lester, 2012). It will help the researcher in developing a significant plan of research evaluation and analysis to ensure effective organizational operations within the economy.  The case evaluation of hotel operation will be significant as it is one of most dynamic industry of Australia and impact of employment is significant on the industry. Hence the study will be beneficial for business as well as industry development.

HRM is a significant aspect of business operations and performance. Developing effective and well defined means of working help companies in creating a significant impact on productivity and profitability of the business (Howe and Reilly, 2015). The current study will be carried out in order to analyze and understand the changing trends of working an its effect on business operations. The key purpose of the study is also to create a significant understanding on employee needs and organizational demands. The research topic will focus on evaluating that how companies in the present era are focusing on balancing the employee needs with business objectives by adopting short term employment programs.

The aim of the present study is “Impact of holiday working visa employee on hotel operations: case analysis of Park Hyatt, Sydney”. The stated aim will be effectively attained through following objectives:

• To evaluate the current trends of employment in Australia
• To examine the impact of short term employment on staff productivity and performance in hotel industry
• To investigate the impact of short term employment of on organizational performance in hotel industry
• To analyze the challenges associated with short term employment in hotel industry of Australia

The study will be carried out in a well structured manner which will help in attaining accurate and reliable research results. In order to collect data primary data collection technique will be used. Structured questionnaire with close ended questions will be developed. This will help in easily quantifying the data thus creating a well defined means of analysis. Data analysis will be carried out using qualitative tool. This will help in attaining accurate and clear results for the study. The results interpreted from the tool will then be used to draw significant conclusions. Hence the overall evaluation will be developed on reliable and accurate means of analysis. The researcher will ensure to attain the purpose of the study in a clear manner which will be highly effective for organizational and industry development.

Research Purpose

Research analysis is undertaken on the basis of past researches undertaken by the researcher which helps in attain significant and well defined results for the evaluation. This section of the study will focus on evaluating the past researches and theoretical frameworks in order to attain reliable and accurate research results for the analysis.  

The evaluation and researches reflects that there is no specific theory for employment term of employees and its impact on business performance. Study work presented below includes detailed analysis and summarization of theoretical data and research material provided by various researchers, who had conducted analysis and survey of concept of short term employment and possible impact on overall efficiency of an organization as well as work force of respective economy. There are different theories and models which can be related with the concept for throwing a light upon conceptual framework on contractual employment and various pros and cons associated with the same. The two theories below can be focused upon to effectively relate with small term employment. Traditionally, permanent employment existed which is now replaced by employment for specific term within sectors that are affected by emerging trends and elements in dynamic business segments such as hospitality and service providing sectors (Vandenbroucke, Hemerijck and Palier, 2011).

On the basis of acknowledgement gained from frame work provided by De Cuyper et al. (2008), it has been founded that it is difficult to comment on specific effects of short term employment. Numerous factors affect the extent of benefits that can be gained from fixed employment contracts. Social exchange theory and equity theory on short term employment have enabled business organization to avail maximum benefit from temporarily recruited work force. It is essential to gain complete understanding of relationship that an employee establishes with organizational environment (Lindstrom, Doren and Miesch, 2011). Whatever be the term of employment, it is required to build such an environment within business environment of an organization so that maximum value is derived by employer while taking work from its employees. According to Cropanzano and Mitchell 2005, workplace relationships is an important aspect considered in social exchange theory that has provided a base for many other short term related employment theories and models. For example, organizations dealing with hospitality business must apply principles of social exchange theory so that overall cultural behavior of work force boosts the goodwill image of respective firm amongst number of rivals giving a strong competition. As per the study work provided by Blau 1964, the basic idea behind this theory is all about interaction that takes place between two or more parties that work for specific firm. These parties share a bond of trust, appreciation and value with respect to their beliefs on an organization. Such an exchange of values and beliefs of employees can take place with suppliers, colleagues or their seniors.

Equity theory is based on the idea of equality derived from contribution laid by employees working on different terms of employment and benefits received thereon. According to Adams theory of equity, when individuals perceive a difference between their own efforts laid and benefits received against that of other employee, a negative state of distress results that motivates those temporary workers to take action to restore equity to the situation for gaining equal recognition. Moreover, the theory highlights the fact that higher pay scale offered to permanent employees as compared to lower benefits derived by temporary workers creates an environment of job dissatisfaction. These employees might then resort to decreased level of contribution towards achievement of targets or reduced quality of services provided (Deakin and Morris, 2012).

Hiring required candidates for specific task requires certain investment to be made. This investment is incurred for attracting potential candidates by advertising vacancy through various means of communication. However, it is easy to hire employees who prefer to work on short term duration on account of increased competency (Deakin and Morris, 2012). They prefer to work on part time basis and earn on basis of efforts laid and time invested for completing task assigned. On the other hand, it is difficult to maintain relationship with long term employees as it becomes mandatory to satisfy increasing needs of work force to maintain them for longer time duration. Monitory and non monitory benefits along with incentives are offered to avail maximum contribution of permanent employees, otherwise the risk of higher turnover rate increases (Camacho and Perez?Quiros, 2010).

Employees hired on permanent basis are provided with surety against risk of loss of job assigned. Various legal proceedings and formalities are carried out to establish a work force that is efficient in dealing with dynamic business environment (Camacho and Perez?Quiros, 2010). Whereas in case of temporary employment term no such legal formalities are carried out that makes the procedure of working with such employees easy. It is easy to hire them as well as dismiss them, if there is no excessive work load or pressure that usually creates frustrating situation for permanent employees.

Usually, the working environment and conditions for temporary workers are simplified as compared to those of permanent employees. Depending upon capacity and time that can be dedicated by these employees, they are assigned work accordingly. Wages are calculated on the basis of work target attained by them (Allen, 2010).

There is no specific contractual constraint that limits the temporary workers under any situation. They are free to work for time duration decided during assignment of task and are free to quit working with respective employer if somehow it becomes uneasy to continue further (Bergemann and Riphahn, 2011). Such employees do not provide guarantee as to fixed time duration wherein training cost incurred might result in excessive percentage as compared to benefits derived by hiring such employees. This would eventually create a pressure on business organization as required staff could not be attained in such cases easily. Somehow the process of hiring candidates could become troublesome.

The fact is well known that employees that do not work for longer employment duration with an organization are not interested in providing contribution for increasing overall business efficiency (Katz, 2012). Moreover, they are not offered with attractive motivational policies that boost them to provide better services. They merely work for specific time duration that is usually dependent upon individual accuracy to work. Therefore, they resist working for more working hours as personal needs are satisfied with respect to earning specific amount of wages.

Employees that have been hired for shorter time duration are not provided with as much as of training provided to permanent employees. Such ideology is followed by employers generally as they would never prefer to invest on things that are not certain (Allen, 2010). It is rather beneficial to provide more of training as well as incentives to permanent employees for increasing motivational standards to a greater extent. Employees working on short term basis do not provide much of productivity as they are only concerned with earning as much as required. Lastly, if they do not intend to work further with a business firm, they would not like to take burden of increased work pressure which would be considered for promotional activities (Ireland, 2010).

This section of the study is a very crucial aspect of research evaluation and analysis. Research methodology is the process of reviewing the procedure which the research is going to undertake in order to attain research aims and objectives. It clearly defines various tools and techniques which the researcher is going to undertake in order to carry out the study successfully. A wide variety of components such as research design, data collection, sampling, data analysis etc are included to effectively evaluate the research methods. The present study focuses on evaluating the impact of holiday working visa employee on hotel operations. In order to attain the stated aim, case evaluation of Park Hyatt hotel will be undertaken. This will help in developing significant and well defined results for the study.

Research design is a general plan of the study which helps in developing a significant and reliable outcome. This effectively helps in analyzing corrective measures to answer the research questions thus generating significant impact on the topic. Different segment of research design are developed to resolve the research questions in an effective manner. These are categorized into exploratory, descriptive, experimental, causal etc. The present study focuses on evaluating the impact of short term employment on effectiveness of hotel operations. The stated specific aim will be resolved through exploratory design. This will help the researcher on focusing on specific issue while developing effective strategies for the same.

This aspect of methodology helps in effectively identifying the issue and developing approaches to resolve the stated problem. Research approach helps in analyzing the research issue and develops a well defined design for undertaking the analysis and attaining appropriate results. Different types of approaches adopted for the study are deductive, inductive and abductive approach. The aim of the current study is to evaluate the impact of holiday working visa employee on hotel operations. For attaining the stated aim inductive approach will be adopted. On the basis of this approach data collection will carried out which will help developing significant results for the study. Significant measures to collect relevant data will be implemented for the analysis. It will deliver authentic and proper results for the evaluation.

Researches are majorly categorized into qualitative and quantitative research. Qualitative researches are those which are based on human perception. These researches are social and demands effective analysis of consumer and employee perception to attain effective results. Quantitative researches on the other hand are the ones which implement scientific tools and techniques to attain well defined results for the analysis. The present study will adopt mixed method to attain effective results for the research issue. Both qualitative and quantitative method will be applied to attain reliable results for the evaluation. SPSS tool will be used to represent quantitative data collected from the employees of the organization. However interview method will be used for qualitative analysis. Hence the selected measure will be effective for developing significant results

Park Hyatt is a well established luxury hotel offering all services to its consumers. The organization has employed 175 employees. 45 employees out of them are those which work on holiday working visa. 130 employees however are permanent staff of the organization. The company has adopted well defined means of employee services to offer significant measures of satisfaction within the business.

The case analysis of the present study will be carried out in Park Hyatt hotel of Sydney. The stated organization is a globally acclaimed five star hotel offering full services to its clients and guests. The Hotel has developed a comprehensive history of 21 years. It is currently located in the heart of Sydney in the Rock district. Opera House is in the same direction which makes its location a crucial and renowned one. The research study will be carried out in the same hotel which will help in delivering significant results for the evaluation.

This is one of the most crucial tasks of research study. It helps the researcher in attaining reliable data for the study. The common means of data collection includes primary and secondary means of methods. Secondary data collection is the one in which past data is collected and analyzed to attain effective results for the study. This data is collected from books, journals, news articles, company data, online portals, magazines etc. It helps in collecting significant data for the study. It develops new levels of researches for the analysis. The current study has collected secondary researches from books, journals and online portals to develop a reliable study on the topic.

Primary research on the other hand is the strategy which develops an in-depth analysis measure for the study. This is the new and fresh data collected by the researchers to attain a clear and appropriate picture of the situation. The threat of biasness is high in this method which may affect the authenticity of the data. The present study will use this method to collect the well defined means of data. Survey and interview approaches will be used for the same. Survey will be taken from the employees of Park Hyatt hotel while interview will be taken from the managers of the firm. A structured questionnaire will be designed and developed to attain specific and clear data on the topic. Closed ended questionnaire will help in attaining the stated data. Interview will be taken from the managers of Hotel. This will help in attaining clear picture about operational aspects of the business. The overall process will be highly effective and useful for success of the research.

Sampling is critical task of research as it helps in ensuring the data authenticity. Effective sampling helps in attaining significant and well defined results for the evaluation. Current study has adopted both primary and secondary means of data collection. For primary data sample size of 20 employees has been selected from 45 employees who are working on holiday working visa. To select the employees, systematic sampling method will be adopted. Every 2^nd staff of the list will be selected. The questionnaire will be mailed to the sample size. This will help in attaining unbiased and reliable research results.  For interview convenient sampling technique will be used in order to ensure interview process as per the convenience of the managers. It will help in generating specified results for the evaluation. The overall study will be systematic and authentic.

Data analysis helps in representing the overall data for the study in a systematic and understandable manner. It helps in developing an effective and well defined evaluation aspect for the research. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques are commonly adopted by the researchers. The present study will adopt the qualitative technique for data analysis. Thematic analysis will be used to represent the data for the study. it will be effective reliable means of evaluation. It will help the researcher in creating a well defined impact on resolving research problems for the current topic. 

The researcher will ensure that research is undertaken in ethical and reliable manner. Academic guidelines and principles will be followed for undertaking the overall evaluation. It will be ensured that the secondary data is collected from authentic websites and sources. Data will not be copied from the work of past researches.  Also proper referencing and citation will be done in the entire work which will help in developing standard and reliable results for the researcher. In addition to this it will be ensured that for primary data collection ethical measures are undertaken. All the participants will be involved with their free will and no one will be forced to the part of the study. The data collected from the participants will be effectively saved and stored by the researcher. It will be ensured that data is not used for any personal benefits of the researchers. Hence data will be protected in authentic and effective manner.

This section of the study will focus on attaining well defined results for the study and representing the same in an effective and validated manner. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of holiday working visa employee on hotel operations. Primary data collection method has been adopted for the analysis. Data analysis has been carried out on the basis of thematic method. Different themes have been developed to attain effective and well defined research results. 

What is your tenure of working with Park Hyatt Hotel?	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative percentage
Less that 1 month	5	25	25
1-3 months	8	40	65
3-6 months	4	20	85
6-9 months	2	10	95
9 months or more	1	5	100

The study clearly reflects that 25% of the respondents are working in the organization for less than a month. 40% of the respondents are working in the organization for one to three months of period. 20% of the respondents were working within the organization from three to six months of time frame. 10% were working there for six to nine months while 5% were working for more than 9 months. The overall analysis clearly reflects that short term employment is significantly high within the organization According to Aguilera, (2011) hospitality industry effectively adjust their work pressure through flexible working hour and seasonal employment prospects. This helps the business in attaining significant growth measures within the market.

Are you satisfied working with the organization?	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative percentage
Yes	6	30	30
No	14	70	100

The analysis reveals that employee satisfaction plays a significant role in business growth and development. On being asked about the same from holiday working visa employees of Park Hyatt Hotel it was analyzed that 30% of the respondents agreed that they were satisfied however 70% of the respondents disagreed with the posed question. The overall analysis clearly reveals that the short term employees are not satisfied working within the organization. Engellandt and Riphahn, (2005) stated that businesses provide low employment benefits to the seasonal or part time employees as they has high rate of turnover. Hence satisfaction level of these employees is significantly low as compared to permanent or long term employees within the organization.

Park Hyatt delivers effective training programs.	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative percentage
Strongly disagree	3	15	15
Disagree	9	45	60
Neutral	5	25	85
Agree	2	10	95
Strongly agree	1	5	100

The above analysis reveals that training and development is significant part of business growth and effectiveness. On being enquired whether effective training and development programs are implemented for holiday working visa employees of Park Hyatt Hotel 15% of the respondents strongly disagreed. 45% of the respondents disagreed with the same. 25% of the employees gave a neutral response which was neither favorable nor unfavorable. 10% of the respondents agreed with the statement while 5% strongly agreed with it. Hence the overall evaluation reflects that training and development program for holiday working visa employees of Park Hyatt Hotel is not satisfactory. de Gilder, (2003) stated that training cost for short employees is effectively managed low as the employees are not going to continue with the organization for a long time frame. This will thus result in ineffective organizational results thus enhancing organizational cost of the business.

You plan to continue with the organization for you entire visa tenure.	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative percentage
Strongly disagree	2	10	10
Disagree	11	55	65
Neutral	5	25	90
Agree	1	5	95
Strongly agree	1	5	100

The above analysis reveals that employee retention is significant part of business growth and effectiveness. On being enquired whether holiday working visa employees of Park Hyatt Hotel will continue with the organization for their entire visa tenure 10% of the respondents strongly disagreed. 55% of the respondents disagreed with the same. 25% of the employees gave a neutral response which was neither favorable nor unfavorable. 5% of the respondents agreed with the statement while 5% strongly agreed with it. Hence the overall evaluation reflects that employees are not in the favor retaining with the organization for the overall visa tenure. This clearly reflects low commitments within employees which is not favorable for the business unit. De Cuyper, de Jong, De Witte, Isaksson, Rigotti and Schalk, (2008) stated that short term employees tend to have low seriousness and commitment with the organization which affect their performance and productivity significantly.

You work seriously within the organization	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative percentage
Strongly disagree	5	25	25
Disagree	8	40	65
Neutral	4	20	85
Agree	2	10	95
Strongly agree	1	5	100

The above analysis reveals that work sincerity of employees is significant part of business growth and effectiveness. On being enquired whether holiday working visa employees of Park Hyatt Hotel work seriously within the organization 25% of the respondents strongly disagreed the statement. 40% of the respondents disagreed with the same. 20% of the employees gave a neutral response which was neither favorable nor unfavorable. 10% of the respondents agreed with the statement while 5% strongly agreed with it. The overall findings reflect that holiday working visa employees do not work seriously in the organization. Conradson and Latham, (2005) stated that short term employment develop a casual attitude within the employees which affect their commitment and for providing outcomes and attaining business objectives. Low motivators affect employee performance in negative manner.

Team work has helped in delivering well defined results in employee development	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative percentage
Strongly disagree	2	10	10
Disagree	6	30	40
Neutral	7	35	75
Agree	3	15	90
Strongly agree	2	10	100

The above analysis reveals that team work is crucial part of business growth and development. On being enquired whether team work has helped in delivering well defined results in employee development for holiday working visa employees of Park Hyatt Hotel, 10% of the respondents strongly disagreed the statement. 30% of the respondents disagreed with the same. 35% of the employees gave a neutral response which was neither favorable nor unfavorable. 15% of the respondents agreed with the statement while 10% strongly agreed with it. The overall findings reflect that the impact of team work on employee performance was ineffective. Brennan, (2014) revealed that level of social cohesiveness within long term and short term employees significantly vary. This affects the aspects of team bonding and performance. It results in developing insignificant results for the organization and employee growth.

Employment norm of temporary employment is demotivating	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative percentage
Strongly disagree	2	10	10
Disagree	3	15	25
Neutral	4	20	45
Agree	8	40	85
Strongly agree	3	15	100

The above analysis reveals that employment norms are crucial part of business growth and development. On being enquired whether Employment norm of temporary employment is demotivating for holiday working visa employees of Park Hyatt Hotel, 10% of the respondents strongly disagreed the statement. 15% of the respondents disagreed with the same. 20% of the employees gave a neutral response which was neither favorable nor unfavorable. 40% of the respondents agreed with the statement while 15% strongly agreed with it. The overall findings reflect that the impact of employment norm on employee satisfaction was direct and ineffective. It created high impact on organizational performance and business growth. Employee commitment and productivity was affected by the norms of temporary employment (Autor, 2010). Low job security, ineffective employment benefits and low growth measures. However business progress was positively influenced by effective supply of seasonal staff.

Management do not provide effective development opportunities	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative percentage
Strongly disagree	1	5	5
Disagree	3	15	20
Neutral	2	10	30
Agree	9	45	75
Strongly agree	5	25	100

The above analysis reveals that development opportunities are crucial part of business growth and development. On the statement that management does not provide effective development opportunities to holiday working visa employees of Park Hyatt Hotel, 5% of the respondents strongly disagreed the statement. 15% of the respondents disagreed with the same. 10% of the employees gave a neutral response which was neither favorable nor unfavorable. 45% of the respondents agreed with the statement while 25% strongly agreed with it. The overall findings reflect that development opportunities offered by management to holiday working visa employees is low. This concurs the findings of Bergemann and Riphahn, (2011) which states that short term employees are offered low development opportunity within the organization due to their limited time frame within the organization. This minimizes the level of employee motivation which creates an insignificant impact on performance level of the staff.

You will shift to higher paying job immediately, if offered	Frequency	Percentage	Cumulative percentage
Strongly disagree	1	5	5
Disagree	2	10	15
Neutral	3	15	30
Agree	6	30	60
Strongly agree	8	40	100

The above analysis reveals that employee loyalty is crucial aspect of business growth and development. On being enquired whether holiday working visa employees of Park Hyatt Hotel will shift to higher paying job immediately, if offered, 5% of the respondents strongly disagreed the statement. 10% of the respondents disagreed with the same. 15% of the employees gave a neutral response which was neither favorable nor unfavorable. 30% of the respondents agreed with the statement while 40% strongly agreed with it. The overall findings reflect that employees seek effective opportunity of earning within the market (Camacho and Perez?Quiros, 2010). They do not seek the opportunity to make career or position within the organization. Hence employee loyalty within the employees is significantly low.

The following findings reveal the operational aspect of short term employment and its impact as well:

On being asked about why Park Hyatt hires holiday working visa employees it was analyzed that different managers gave different factors for the same. One of the manager revealed that hiring required candidates for specific task requires certain investment to be made. This investment is incurred for attracting potential candidates by advertising vacancy through various means of communication. In order to save this cost seasonal employment is opted as a significant measure. This helps in enhancing organizational competency and effectiveness thus generating significant and well defined results for business growth and development. Another manager stated that, the working environment and conditions for temporary workers are simplified as compared to those of permanent employees. This flexible working condition helps the organization in enhancing overall performance and productivity. In addition to this different factors as easy dismissal, specific task employment etc were stated as significant factor for hiring holiday working visa employees.

The findings revealed that on being asked about the professionalism aspect associated with holiday working visa employees there was negative relationship with it. The managers stated that short term employment develop a casual attitude within the employees which affect the commitment for providing outcomes and attaining business objectives. It also affected the professionalism of the employees. High rate of absenteeism, late arrivals, slacking time between working hours were common work behavior. This resulted in creating ineffective impact on employment aspects. The overall growth and development measures were effectively affected by the stated aspect. This created low growth measures for the business.

Training and development is the significant part of the organizational performance. it helps the business in attaining significant success aspects within the market. Training aspects for short term employees is another crucial aspect for the business unit. Managers revealed different training measures which the business undertake in order to attain effective growth. One of the manager stated that cost of training is significantly high for the hotel industry thus investing it on temporary employees is not feasible for the form. Thus basic training and on the job training measures are adopted for holiday working visa employees. This helps them in meeting the operational needs of the business while optimizing the financial aspect of the business. Another manager stated that trainings for temporary employees are not planned and structured due to high rate of turnover. This affects the business performance within the market.

The evaluation revealed that short term employment enhances operational performance of the business unit. A manager revealed that it is easy to hire employees who prefer to work on short term duration on account of increased competency. They prefer to work on part time basis and earn on basis of efforts laid and time invested for completing task assigned. On the other hand, it is difficult to maintain relationship with long term employees as it becomes mandatory to satisfy increasing needs of work force to maintain them for longer time duration. Hence the overall staff productivity is effectively managed and influenced within the organization. It helps businesses to create significant development aspects within the market.

On analyzing the impact of short term employment on organizational performance it was evaluated that, the two variables have significant relationship. Managers stated that flexible working measures and seasonal employment enhances operational performance and cost effectiveness of the business. It creates an effective and well defined impact on business performance. It generates high effective performance aspects while ensuring attainment of organizational objectives.

Conclusions And Recommendations

Conclusions

It can be hereby concluded that short term employment is related to employment for a fixed duration of time that might be on weekly, monthly or hourly basis also. Increased level of competition within ever changing business environment is the core reason that gave rise to appreciation of dividing work pressure to temporary work force. On the other hand, overall cost incurred for getting the work completed within short time span is comparatively lesser then that compared to employment packages offered to permanent employees. However, it can be analyzed from above presented research work that an organization cannot completely depend upon temporary work force as this will merely increase the cost incurred on providing required training and thereby increasing overall expenditure. It is comparatively easy to recruit employees who wish to work on temporary basis but it must also include laying emphasis on preparing instant resolution plans for resolving issues related to risk of dealing with temporary employees. It can be undoubtedly included here that benefits of social exchange theory include increased value derived by employees and better image of respective business firm among customers. On the other hand it is essential to consider consequences of situation that creates increase in distrust among temporary employees on account of issues highlighted by equity theory. Failure in application of resolution plans might result in adverse effects on working efficiency and goodwill image in business environment. It cannot be said that it is not a good practice to avail work from temporary workers; rather it is important to achieve targeted objectives by creating a balance between employees working on different time duration contracts. There will always be a need to maintain a strong bond with short term employees so as to reduce pressure and excessive load created during peak business time. After completion of task, these employees are no required to be paid for anymore.

The overseas workers play crucial role in tourism and hospitality workforce. It is mainly related to management of the seasonal demand for the labor. The Working Holiday Makers (WHMs) were predicted to account for approximately 7 per cent of total hospitality and tourism workforce. Providing an access to the workers by Working Holiday Visas and Seasonal Migration is quite imperative. In addition to this, flexibility is also required through such schemes for meeting the ever growing needs. Several employers are facing challenges in the recruitment of from Australian market because of number of reasons like lack of the mobility in Australian workforce which has challenged the seasonal as well as regional establishments. On the basis of the researches and findings done in the report, following are some of the recommendations on managing the short term employees with long term holiday working visa:

A review regarding Employer Sponsored Visas, involving the underpinning employment under the award, broading the recognition of experience and prior learning, lessening the requirement of English learning and enforcing minimum sponsorship period to sponsoring employer. An up to date working visa for two years for the temporary workers need to be created for the industries like hospitality with the shortage of authentic short term labor which cannot be directed by the skilled migration. Providing the tourism and hospitality sector with an access to the expanded stay provisions of Working Holiday Visa, rising maximum age of the Visa holders to 35 from 30, extending range of the countries which are involved in the concerned program as well as allowing the visa holders for accessing scheme twice. The Visa need to specifically include the Australian hotel schools' students. The immediate rehabilitation of the Chefs for restaurant/hotel Cooks and managers and to Skilled Occupation List should be included in the list of recognition of the existing shortages. The employment contracts which is applicable for the employees should be flexible such that there can be easy dismissal, i.e., the employees can be dismissed easily once a contract gets accomplished. It also implies that the employees cannot sue against the organization or the employer for dismissing them after the completion of the contract. Besides this, the firm needs to take care of the funds that are to be spent on the training and development of such employees. The firm should encourage the part time employees and need to provide them training accordingly, considering the fact that they are for a limited time only. For this purpose, the employees should be provided with only basic training and cross training only. 

References

Books and Journals

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