The Impact Of Employment Policies On Job Opportunities For International Students In Australia, Essay.

Research Problem Statement

Discuss about the Integration of Work Experience and Learning.

Every country has been able to develop a body or department that regulates employment activities in the country through formulation and implementation of employment policies. Employment policies are very important as they regulate or provide the principles governing employment in a country as well as provide the jurisdiction upon which violation of such policies can be exercised (Baker et al. 2016, p. 1620). However the policies may be seeing to be favorable to some groups of people as there applicability is always different for the case of the locals as well as the foreigners working in the country.  The employment policy in Australia has caused significant impact on job opportunities for the international students in Australia (Bernerth et al. 2018, p. 138).  The Australia government has developed or established an Australian Department of Employment and has charged it with the responsibility of developing and implementing national employment policies. However, international differences in employment policies have been found to affect the relative growth rate of the different economies (Ackers 2014, p. 2616). Such differences can be identified through the application of the employment policies among the locals and the foreigner in different nations. This study therefore aims at providing an understanding of the impact of employment policy on job opportunities amongst the international students in Australia.

The organization of this business project proposal will include different sections in terms of their arrangements and analysis details. Section 1 of the proposal gives a brief introduction to the key issues covered in the analysis; section 2 will provided a detailed research problem statement while section 3 of the same report highlights the aims, objectives as well as the research questions.  Section 4 shows the justifications and the potential outcomes of the research while section 5 outlines the conceptual frameworks of the research as well as development of hypothesis. Lastly we have section 6 which provides a detailed approach of the research methodology.

An employment policy describes the commitment made by the employers towards the employer and in most cases it is described in the employment contract or offer. A national employment policy on the other hand describes a vision or a designed plan that guides the achievement of nation’s employment goals (Gribble et al. 2017, p. 27). The policy seeks to promote decent working conditions through which international labor standards, social protection as well as workers fundamental rights are protected. Therefore, these employment policies go hand in hand with job creation. Different scholars have engaged themselves in developing studies aimed at establishing the role played by employment policies in economic growth in different countries (Hunter &Gray 2018, p. 14). However, there is limited research or there exists a literature gap in understanding how employment policies in different nations impact on creation of job opportunities. Therefore this research project proposal aims at providing an understanding of the impact of employment policies in Australian on job creation for the international students studying and residing in Australia (Dow 2017, p. 142). This is because there are concerns that the employment policies have limited the international student’s capacity to work in Australia which has also brought about some consequences in economic growth and job creation.

Aims, Objectives, and Research Questions

The aim of this research proposal is to investigate the impact of employment policies in Australia and their impact on creating job opportunities for the international students studying in Australia. The project aims at providing an understanding of the current Australia employment policies and especially the ones relating to employment of foreigners and students studying in the country.

The research will be guided by various objectives which together will help us enhance the scope of the research and into getting deeper understanding of the impact of employment policies in creating job opportunities (Jackson & Michelson 2015, p. 1672). The first objective of the research would be to provide an understanding of the Australian Employment policy and especially in matters concerning the international students studying and working in the country. It is also the objective of the company to identify the body that has been charged with the responsibility of prescribing the employment policy. The research will also seek to provide an understanding or determination of the available jobs for the international students and the policies governing the acquisition of the job opportunities (Jackson 2017, p. 352). Lastly the research will seek to establish the impact of the Australian employment policy on job opportunities for the international students which are the main focus of the study.

1. Does an employment policy favor the growth of job opportunities for international students studying in Australia?
2. Is there anybody that has been established by the Australian government to prescribe and govern the implementation of employment policies?
3. What has been the impact or correlation between the employment policies on international students and Australia economic growth?
4. What measures have been put in place by the relevant regulatory bodies to ensure that the policies are guided by the international standards of is the implementation employment?
5. Are the employment policies different amongst the international students as well as the local or native students?

Many scholars have developed their studies in understanding the impact of employment policies on a country economic growth and how an increase in economic growth brings about increased employment opportunities (Gribble et al. 2015, p. 412). Other scholars have also developed their studies establishing the fact that polices can have both positive and negative contributions towards economic growth and development. Therefore the critical agenda of any policy development and implementation team is to ensure that the developed policies maximum the future benefits and minimize any possible risks (Zhu et al. 2018, p. 58). The development of favorable employment policies for both locals and the foreigners contributes to reduced cost of labor, reduced rates of unemployment, increased productivity and also increased economic growth (Tran & Soejatminah 2016, p. 342). Therefore, fewer studies have been developed to provide an understanding of the employment policies on particular groups in a bid to determine whether the policies are favorable for job creation or are unfavorable. This research will therefore be important in helping us understand the impact of employment policies in creating job opportunities for the international students studying in Australia. It will therefore be important for the international students in Australia as it will provide them with an understanding the ease of working in the country during and after completion of their studies (Tran & Soejatminah 2017, p. 272). It will also help the Australian department of employment harmonize the employment policies in a move to promote decent and fair workplace regulations.

Justifications and Potential Outcomes of the Research

The research question identified in the proposal will be answered through the findings and analysis of the data collected from the research. The research output and finding will therefore help us in developing the knowledge gad that existed, help the various scholars and students and especially the international students to make informed decisions when considering taking any job during their schooling time in the country. The research finds will also contributed to improved policy making when it comes to the Australian department of employment concerning the ease of work of international students (Rogen, 2014, p. 56). The research will therefore contribute significantly to the development of employment policies which are fair to various groups in the population which will eventually contribute to increased economic growth and reduction in unemployment rates.

An employment policy describes a commitment by an employer towards the employee outlining a vision or a practical plan for achieving certain employment goals and objectives (Adelino & Robinson 2017, p. 1015). A national employment policy or any policy developed and implemented by a country in relation to employment should promote decent work, adhered to the international labor standards; promote social protection as well as the workers fundamental rights. This is the only way the government or the Australian government will realize an improvement in unemployment rates as such factors go hand in hand with job creation.

The international students studying in Australia have been provided with an opportunity to work in the country in order to improve their social and financial welfare. Despite the provision granted to the students to engage themselves in income generating activities, their freedom to work in the country has been limited in terms of the number of the working hours (McKenzie 2017, p. 137). The responsibility of charging and advocating as well as developing and implementing effective employment policies by the Australian government is being given to the Australia Department of Employment. The department works with other bodies established to protect the interest of employees as well as those of employers such as the Fair Work commission and the human rights commissions (Clibborn & Wright 2018, p. 1020). Due to the increased competition in the graduate labor market, the continued shift in Visa legislation as well as the fear of unknown has prevented many companies in Australia from hiring or engaging the international students in various job opportunities (Cheshire 2016, p. 31).  The international students studying and working in Australia are governed by the Australian law. However it is important for the students to understand their rights as enshrined in the Australia employment laws. Most countries are therefore concerned with the development of laws and regulations as well as policies which do not prohibit the foreigners from working in the country.

Conceptual Frameworks and Hypothesis Development

Employment policy in Australia has negatively impacted on since it has resulted to increased job inconveniences. This is because, the will policy require he students to work only for a maximum of 20 hours in a week. The employers therefore shy are away from employing or even hiring the students due to inconsistency (Christensen & Schneider 2015, p. 89). Therefore the inconsistence nature of the labor supply has affected the international student’s rate of securing any job opportunities in the country. Employers in different work environments are always interested in hiring employees who are flexible; in this case the international students are limited to access job opportunities since the employment policy restricts them to work during certain specific hours. The employment policy also requires that nay recruitment of workers both the locals and the international students, the potential candidates should match their labor skills with the job requirements (Deeming & Smyth 2017, p. 18). However, since most of these international students are still continuing with their education they may not necessarily have the right skills to meet the job specifications or requirements.

The employment policy in this case therefore acts like an impediment to access job opportunities for the international students. Lastly the employment policy requires that for any labor or service provided the employer should provide a favorable compensation package in terms of remuneration and favorable working conditions (French & Strachan 2015, p. 35). Due to the increased competition in the labor market, the employers tent to acquire cheap labor with the aim of reducing labor costs and maximizing their profits. This therefore leads to reduced job opportunities for the international students or force them to work below the minimum wage requirement. Such policies have therefore had a negative implication on the growth and development of international student’s career in Australia (Gomes, 2015, p. 45). The students lack of information about their rights end up working under unfavorable conditions in order to generate extra income. The policies do not support any positive growth of the country as it does not maximize the labor resources available to them. The policies in this case may be said to be unfavorable in terms of promoting the decent working conditions, meeting international standards or even in balancing growth and unemployment rates in the country (Gribble 2016, p. 32). It is therefore important for the depart of employment together with other bodies established to provide prescription of employment laws to consider revaluating these policies and allow more flexibility in order to meet the needs and concerns of international students and promote an environment of positive economic growth with resultant positive impact on job creation.

Research Methodology

The development of this research proposal will comprise of use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches in contributing to effective analysis of our statement problem. This is because the study will require the use of both numerical and non-numerical data in providing a conclusive analysis of our study (Gribble et al. 2017, p. 29).  The research proposal will also involve the use of two types of data including the primary and secondary data. The primary data will be obtained from the interviews conducted on the international students as well as other principal employment sources in Australia (Bergström & Larsson 2018, p. 190). On the other hand the secondary data will collected from the Australian higher education bodies and journals, the labour department of Australia, the Australia department of Employment as well as other relevant bodies (Olsen et al. 2015, p. 58). The data collected will then be analyzed through the use of both qualitative data techniques as well as the use quantitative data techniques.

This research targets a number of groups including the international students in Australia as well as the other relevant bodies concerning the development and implementation of employment policies in the country. The population will be used to provide their insights on the impact of employment policies on job opportunities for the international students living in Australia (Hakim, 2016, p. 68). The population will comprise of a sample group of 100 participants for the research. The population will comprise of different characteristics in terms of their experiences with employment policies.

For effective analysis and findings the research will employ the use of cluster sampling technique as a tool for data analysis, collection and organization. The cluster sampling will involve the classification of our sample population into several cluster groups based on identifiable characteristics (Harvey, 2014, p. 73). The results from each cluster group will then be compared with the results from other groups and the secondary data information for making effective conclusions on the statement problem.

The main objective of this research proposal is to determine the impact of employment policies on job opportunities for international students living and studying in Australia. The dependent variable in this case is the job opportunities for the students while the independent variable is the employment policies governing job creation for international students (Mak & Brown 2014, p. 58).  Therefore for effective analysis of the above variables, qualitative data obtained through interviews will be analyzed through the use of exploratory analysis while the quantitative data from the secondary data sources will be analyzed through the use of regression analysis techniques to present facts and figures.

The full research project proposal will or research will be organized into various sections as follows;

Section one; used to the outline the research proposal as provided in this assignment

Section two; a description of the Australian Employment policy and its effectiveness in job creation

Section Three; will include the details of methodology – literature review, data series and surveys (data collection methods), observing key indicators of regression and data analysis methods.

 Section Four; Provides a report of Findings and Analysis of the proposed research.

 Section Five: provides a summary of the important findings and a discussion of their potential implications developing effective strategies to improve the current employment policies for international students in Australia.

There is need to develop a budget for the research participants for the research to be concluded effectively and within the appropriate time (Williams & Shepherd 2017, p. 272). The research will be carried out at an approximated time frame of three months from the date of proposal development. The research will require an estimated budget of $ 4000. The budget will be developed specifically for research activities such as conducting literature review whereby different costs will be incurred to access the secondary data from the various journals, the government and other relevant articles (Marginson 2015, p. 55). The other cost will be incurred to data collection for both primary and secondary data and analysis while the last cost incurred for the research will be used for organization of the research materials and conducting interviews.

A summary of the estimated project research proposal would be as follows;

Gantt Chart

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