MC413 Information, Communication, And Knowledge Systems Essay.

Introduction 

The company selected here is Google. Knowledge and information management is the key concept for any organization to blossom (Laudon and Laudon 2013). The process of creation, sharing, using and management of information and knowledge in an organization is known as knowledge and information management. In other words, making the best use of knowledge to achieve the objectives of the organization is known as knowledge management. The objectives, which are mainly focused under the knowledge and information management, are performance improvement, gaining competitive advantages, enhancing innovation, enabling the sharing of the lessons learnt regular improvement of the firm and integration (Montoya et al. 2016). The company, which follows the strategy of knowledge and information system, gets huge benefits both in terms of customer satisfaction and monetary profits.

Role of knowledge and information

Knowledge management has come up to be the latest technique, which helps an organization to evolve properly. Google is one of the dominant companies in the world, which indulges knowledge and information management in the firm. Google has followed the techniques of knowledge management properly and those strategies made it the best search engine in the world and helped the company to overcome over its competitors such as yahoo and Microsoft (Serenko and Dumay 2015). Google totally focuses on the customers and their convenience. Compared to its competitors who have flooded their homepage with ads, Google has kept it simple and the user interface in Google is very simple and plain (Ellison, Gibbs and Weber 2015). The company keeps organizing meetings among the senior and junior employees where the senior employees share their experience with their juniors, which carries the knowledge chain in the organization properly and provides the benefits.

Functions of information system

There are many function of proper information management in an organization. Information management helps the organization to keep track of previous data and store it properly. Google has adopted this phenomenon and there are certain benefits that the strategy provides to the company such as it helps the company keep track of data and use the previous experience if the company faces similar issue in the future (Alegre, Sengupta and Lapiedra 2013). It also guides a company in making decisions. The future success of the company depends on the efficiency of strategic plans made by the company. The management team of the organization uses the information system in order to form technical plans and make appropriate decisions for prosperity and long development of the organization. Another benefit of managing information system in that it helps in organization in decision-making (Kim and Cho  2016). Applying information system in an organization simplifies the activities in the organization and cuts off extra workload on the employees. With the adoption of this technique the company has managed to put control to the employee processes as it ensures that only the users who have access to the task cam perform certain tasks (Laudon and Laudon 2013).

Customer relationship objectives

With proper knowledge and information management, the company has managed to gain humongous popularity among the users (Montoya et al. 2016). The simple user interface of Google sends a direct message to the customer that the website fully focuses on the convenience and target of the customer. The simple user interface conveys to the user that the website has exactly what the customer wants to have. Google uses knowledge management to diagnose the customers and know their mind set. Thus, the company finds out the most positive way of campaign for their products and thus leaving a positive impact on the customer’s mind. The simplicity of user interface and positive user campaign helps the brand to get more satisfied customers and profits (Serenko and Dumay 2015). The firm puts customer needs on the top and thus more customers are attracted towards it. Adequate use of knowledge and information management assists the company to achieve targeted goal in a proper and efficient way.  

Thus, Google has implemented knowledge and information management in an efficient way, which has provided the firm many benefits. Managing of knowledge and information has helped the company to maintain harmony inside the company, make proper strategy for long term development of the company, guided the firm in making important decisions and gain popularity among the customers and get huge benefits from the customer. It has enabled the company to make strategies, which increases the user interaction of the company and thus helps the firm to attract more users towards it. The strategies had made Google always to be a step ahead from other competing brands as the brand is always ready with efficient, effective, quick and quality driven outcomes. Knowledge and information management can make any company reach the peaks of success as it did for Google.

Introduction

Knowledge management (KM) is an integral part in the development of any organization. With proper knowledge management, the organization can achieve peaks of success (Galliers and Leidner 2014). All the businesses should implement this in their business in order to the business to blossom and grow in the developed way. The objectives, which are mainly focused under the knowledge and information management, are performance improvement, gaining competitive advantages, enhancing innovation, enabling the sharing of the lessons learnt regular improvement of the firm and integration. The E-commerce business chosen over here is Amazon. Amazon is an online shopping site and it is established almost all over the world. The organization can get great fame and monetary profits if proper knowledge management is done in the organization as it helps the organization to prosper in each direction.

E-business and E-commerce

E-business and E-commerce are the evolving businesses in today’s era. Business involves many sections and performing all those sections on the internet platform is known as E-business (Yee et al. 2014). There are various instances of E-business such as management of work flow between content developer, editor manger and publisher. Another example of E-business can be taken as the online platform, which tracks the inventory, also which triggers alert messages. People now days are getting into this business in huge number. E-commerce stands for the sale and buying of anything online. This section indulges the sale and buying of products, real estate or any type of thing. Knowledge management can be of great help to these businesses as these are large-scale businesses and involve many employees (Jones and Sallis 2013). Adequate knowledge management is very essential in each section of this work as different levels include different type of employees and all the employees needs to get proper information at proper time so that they can work effectively. It also saves the time and money of the company.

Relation between and knowledge and Customer relationship management (CRM)

Amazon can get various benefits in customer section if proper knowledge management is implementing in the organization.

Proper knowledge management can help the organization to provide satisfaction to the customers, which provides the business with loyal customers. Amazon is an e-commerce website and it is very important for the business to get positive feedback from users and have more number of satisfied customers in order to increase the business (Gerow, Thatcher and Grover 2015). By implementing accurate knowledge management, the business can have harmony among its employees as well which will help the business to evolve in a positive way. The brand can increase its reputation in the market as satisfied customers can provide positive feedback to the brand and thus, provide loyal and ideal customers. It will also help the brand to keep record of the previous data and take help from the past experiences for the arising issue. Proper KM and information management (IM) in Amazon can help the brand to achieve many customers. Thus, KM and CRM are interrelated and if the brand implements KM properly, CRM can give effective results (Cavusgil et al. 2014).

How knowledge attaint goals 

There are various ways by which KM can be implemented in Amazon. Different ways are-

Providing proper training and mentoring programs to the employees (Geisler and Wickramasinghe 2015). Employees play a very vital role in any program within an organization. Employee’s support is must for the growth of any organization. Thus, the employees in the organization should be trained properly so that they understand the responsibility properly and work on it. Every member in the organization should be explained the benefits of implementing KM in the organization. If the members are aware of the benefits, they will be encouraged to follow the rules and do the business properly. Community action should be encouraged within the organization, which will support the employees to work better and encourage them. A framework should be created for creation of the content, which will provide a routine and time schedule for the employees to follow (Gerow, Thatcher and Grover 2015).

Knowledge management should be applied in every organization in order to achieve success. E-commerce and E-business should also apply knowledge management, as applying this will help them get the targeted goal. There are various means by which it can be implemented in an organization. Such ways are employee training programs and proper chain of knowledge flow in the organization. The higher authorities of the organization should create a model for the juniors to follow. This will guide them to achieve the goal properly. . Amazon is an e-commerce website and it is very important for the business to get positive feedback from users and have more number of satisfied customers in order to increase the business. By implementing accurate knowledge management, the business can have harmony among its employees as well which will help the business to evolve in a positive way.

Introduction 

The process of knowledge management involves conversion of available raw data into valuable information, which can be understood and implemented easily in any organization (Haimes 2015). The information is then put into a reusable storehouse, which can be used to resolve any future issue that arises in the organization. Knowledge management provides many advantages to the company in all the aspects but its implementation is not easy. There are various challenges that a company has to face in implementation of knowledge management in the firm (Monczka et al. 2015). Knowledge management involves the participation of each and every member of the organization in order to implement knowledge management properly. The implementation of knowledge management system and information management system has to go through several problems.   

Advantages of knowledge management   

There are various benefits of knowledge management in an organization. Some of the benefits of knowledge management are-

The implementation of knowledge management enables better and fast decision making in an organization. This technique delivers efficient and relevant information at the time of need through search, subscription, structure and support. Thus, knowledge management can help an organization in making appropriate decisions (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna 2016). The reuse of information through storehouses permits the firm to make decision based on real life experiences and larges sample sizes.

It makes easy for the firm to find relevant resources and information. If the firm implements knowledge and information management, then the firm can easily get the record of data if some issue arises (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). The data will be relevant and thus can be used to resolve problems in the organization.

It helps the company to avoid redundant efforts. It prevents the employees to do the same work repeatedly thus reducing the workload on the employees. This will also help to improve the financial condition of the company as if the employee dies not have to do the same work again and again then, resources will not be needed. Thus, it helps to save the time and money of the company.

It helps the firm to convey the important messages to every member of the firm quickly and effectively. Effective spreading of information in the organization is very important for the development of the organization (Lam 2014). The features of knowledge management such as having personalized portals, targeted subscriptions and specialized search engines helps to achieve this goal.

It can help to prove to the customers that the firm totally focuses on their needs and thus increasing customer satisfaction. If the customer realizes that the firm is dedicated towards customers, the firm can get ideal and loyal customers.

Critical analysis

The two chosen industries over here are Google and Yahoo. The challenges faced by the two companies in implementation of knowledge management are-

Security: the basic thing required to provide the right level of knowledge management is security (Hopkin 2017). The organization has to face challenges in implementing security. Both Google and Yahoo are large-scale business and thus they have to manage knowledge and information over huge scale and maintaining security over that scale is difficult to manage.

Keeping the data accurate: It is difficult for both the companies to keep the data accurate in order to pass it to the junior employees (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna 2016). The stored data should be accurate to resolve the future problems.

It has to be made sure that the information is relevant:  the data should be practical and relevant (McNeil, Frey and Embrechts 2015). If the data is not relevant, the issues cannot be resolved by it.

Processes and routines: every employee of the organization has to understand and follow his/her duties in context of knowledge management (Lam 2014). If any employee in the organization fails to do so, the goal cannot be achieved and thus the barrier may arise in proper implementation of knowledge and information management.

There are various advantages of knowledge management in an organization. However, various barriers may arise during the proper implementation of knowledge and information management. the organization has to face may problems in the implementation of knowledge management and thus it is difficult to imply adequate knowledge management. various problems that the company faces are security, processes and routines, relevant information and accurate data.

Introduction

Big data is in vogue now a days. Big data is usually referred to the data sets, which are extremely large, and complex and traditional softwares for data processing fail to deal with them (Sagiroglu and Sinanc 2013). The challenges that the traditional softwares face are storehouse, capture, data circulation, analysis, search, deportation, sharing, perception, updating, querying and information privacy. Desktop statistics and relational database management systems often face difficulty in managing big data (Kayyali, Knott and Kuiken 2016). The processing of big data often requires profoundly coordinate softwares running in huge numbers such as tens, hundreds or the number can extend even up to thousands. Big data has several benefits. If an organization implements big data, it can get huge and massive development.  With regard to volume, big data does not models anything, scenario is just observed and tracked by it. With regard to the velocity, big data at most times is achievable in the real time. With regard to variety, big data enables the filling of missing parts through data fusion and it draws from images, texts, video and audio (Jagadish et al. 2014). Implementation of big data helps in the speedy development of the organization as it makes things easy and easily achievable.

Big data analysis and advantage 

There are various advantages of big data for an organization. The organization can always be a step ahead of its competitors as new strategies can be easily made and the company can always know about the new moves of the competitors and analyze their moves. Any fault in the organization or any error can be known easily by the higher authorities and thus, immediate action can be taken by the higher authorities to control the threats caused by the error (Raghupathi and Raghupathi 2014). If any employee conducts fraud in the company or any type of fraud is conducted by any member, it can be detected very easily and appropriate actions can be taken to resolve the issue. This is possible because big data provides real time safeguard system and this system gives prior notification if the system is tried to be hacked by anybody. It is cost saving. Even though, the cost of implementation of Big data is high, but if once established, it helps the organization to get rid of many extra pay offs (Chen and Zhang 2014). The most integral part  of any organization are the customers. Big data enables the organization to keep track of the customer demands and thus know the latest demands of the customers. It also helps the company to get better insight of sales and thus causes increment in the business. Real time applications of big data provide many real time advantages to the company (Davenport 2014).

Information system strategies 

Various strategies can be made by the organization in order to implement big data in the firm. The first strategy towards implementation of big data should be managing the performance of the firm (Sagiroglu and Sinanc 2013). It indulges getting the meaning of big data in the database of the company by the use of multidimensional analysis and predetermined queries. The data, which is used for this analysis is transactional which means that the data includes the record of years of customer buying activity and the inventory levels of the turnover in the company (Kayyali, Knott and Kuiken 2016). The other way to implement big data in the company is through data exploration. In this process, heavy use of statistics is made to experiment with and get answers to the questions, which have not yet been thought by the managers (Jagadish et al. 2014). The other way is social analytics. Here, the data is studied such as the feedbacks or the data and feedbacks gained from the social media sites and thus a strategy is made to implement big data in the company. Decision science is the other way where the non-transactional data is read and plans are made thereby (Chen and Zhang 2014).

Big data is in trend today with the loads of benefits it provides to the organization in terms of development in every aspect such as monetary and other. Every company should implement this in the firm and get advantages of this phenomenon. Although, the installation cost is high for this, but if once established, it provides huge benefits to the company.

Introduction 

Although there are many benefits of implementation of digital technologies in a company, but there are certain harmful effects as well which cannot be ignored (Nelson and Staggers 2017). The biggest threat is on the security of the organization. There are various security challenges that an organization may face through the use of digital technology. the organization must be aware of the threats and try to remove it as soon as possible.

Security challenges analysis 

The security challenges faced by the company are described. The first and foremost threat rises due to the internal staffs of the company. It should be ensured that the staffs of the company are trustworthy and the company can trust them with the important data of the company (Xu, Wendt and Potkonjak 2014). The second risk is due to the carelessness of the employees. At times it happens that the employee is trustworthy but careless. Such employees should not be given the tasks. Mobile devices poses harmful threats in the theft of data. Mobile devices can be easily used to take out the important data out of the company premises. Other threat is malware which is the short form of malicious software. This can affect the system very badly and cause many harmful threats to the data. Rootkit is another security threat where the hacker pretends to be the administrator of the system and thus tries of get access of the system (Jing et al. 2014). Another threat is Phising where the hacker sends some  malware through emails and tries to get access to the data of the company illegally. Another threat is Botnet where many system are connected by a device such as router and the hacker hacks the server system thus copying data from all the systems (Piccinini, Gregory and Kolbe 2015). Proper security should be maintained if digital techniques are implemented in the organization to prevent any type of theft of data in the firm (Samuels et al. 2015).

Various examples have up where it was observed that the threat was caused due to the implementation of digital technique. At 13^th of April,2000 at 3:55 PM according to the pacific time. the website of Motion Pictures Association of America suffered with intermittent outages and the suspects were the computer vandals and hence they were blamed for it. One of the unidentified employee of the company informed that the company was having problem with the public website. It was suspected that the company suffered from the denial of service attack. The attack was initially rumored on a website for computer hacking. Well known technique was used by the attackers to exploit the  security system of the organization.

The website had to suffer lot of data theft due to the fraud. Company’s important data were stolen and thus all the strategies and plans of the company were revealed which resulted in heavy downfall of the company.

Several such examples have been seen all around the world where security threats were caused due to the implementation of digital technique. If any organization uses digital techniques, proper security has to be maintained in order to prevent such frauds from occurring.

Digital techniques pose great help in the development of any organization, but there are certain harmful effects as well which cannot be ignored. Security threats are very popular in the organizations, which implement digital techniques. Many of the organization have suffered the threats.  Proper security measures have to be taken at the initial phase to prevent such issues. Time to time the strength of the system should be checked in order to keep the data safe from the attackers.  Various live examples have come up which prove that regular checking of the websites is mandatory for proper security of the website. The first and foremost threat rises due to the internal staffs of the company. It should be ensured that the staffs of the company are trustworthy and the company can trust them with the important data of the company. 

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