Human Factors In Health And Safety Of Construction Workers In Fibre To The Home Projects In The United Kingdom Essay.

Evaluation of Human Factors in Construction Worker Health and Safety

Evaluation of the role of human factors in the Health and safety of construction workers in fibre to the home projects in the United Kingdom. The main aim of the research is to ensure that sound and protective measures are put in place to help curb health and safety problems that are experienced by the city fibre when allocating their services to the individuals who, in this issue, are the subcontractors in ensuring that the installation and construction within these areas. This research will enable the contractors and the clients to get satisfied services after granting the city fibre the chance to install fibre services within the United Kingdom homes. The safety and health conditions of the individuals working in these sites are the priority question, and how human factors can contribute to the safety problems while installing the fibre home projects. Another main aim of the research is to ensure that the safety and health issues of the employees of the city fibre is put in place to ensure that the cases of injury are reduced. The workers are mentally and physically not injured during installing the fibres at different geographical locations in the United Kingdom.

The hypothesis of the question problem of the research is to ensure that safety regulations are established within the working sites of installing the fibre projects, good leadership skills set to be portrayed by the project clients and the contractors with the subcontractors this will ensure smooth operation without health hazards free working sites. Another hypothesis is that when there are better communication skills and channels implemented in this scenario of research, then there would be reduced cases of physical injuries and mental issues between the workers and other personnel working on these construction sites. Several human factors can risk the Health and the safety of people working in the construction of home fibre projects in different parts of the globe. To be precise, this research is in the United Kingdom. These human factors can affect the safety and health condition of the workers in specific ways. That is negative and positive, depending on how they have been applied and under what circumstances.

The main objective of the fibre installation company, which in this research is the city company in the United Kingdom, is to provide their customers with better and quality fibre services, and the aim of the workers is to get paid for their professional services, which they render to the company. To this extent, both sides are important as the workers, as they are important in implementing the dimensions of how the fibre services are physically installed. These human factors that affect the Health and safety of the workers in the fibre construction sites include work pattern, workload, working environment, policies, employee attitude, worker competency, workplace culture, and communication.

According to Emma Christie, workers should be proved by the right protective gear to ensure proper safety measures and physical injuries are minimized at the workstation, especially those in the construction industry. Their Health and safety are exposed to severe risks, which may prove futile if they occur (Grey, B.J., and Orwoll, S., 2020). The workers in this research scenario should be allowed to have proper work attire, including gloves, helmets, and gumboots, which will ensure that the safety of the workers is consistent. Few injury cases are admitted within a period. In case they occur, these cases of injury might not be so serious since the worker has the protective gear to prevent them from such physical injuries. So, per the suggestion of Emma Christine, workers should be provided with safety attires when they are providing their services (Palakshappa, N., Dodds, S. and Bulmer, S., 2022). The article by Emma Christine also proves that workers who have proper safety attire at work have higher chances of being more productive than those who do not have the proper attire. They are working under a lot of fear, which may hinder them from doing their job duties effectively. Proper clothing at work is also a determinant fact in the Health of a worker on a construction site as these protective gears are in apposition to ensure that the workers are properly protected from contracting diseases which may be contracted as a result of poor dressing code in the construction industry according to the article (Rajbangsi, P.R. and Nambiar, D., 2020).

Factors Affecting Health and Safety in Construction Workers

According to an article written by Joanna Bugajska, there are serious scenarios on age and retirement where several issues were keenly analyzed on the number of people taking early retirement and cases which leads to these earl retirement cases in the construction industry (Poulain, M. and Mackowicz, J., 2022). Most of the cases that cause the workers in the construction industry to retire early are the injury cases which also consist of the ergonomic cases, which lead to the most individuals going to early retirement. These case scenarios of early retirement, according to Joanna, are forced improper ergonomic positions by the workers in these areas of construction (Lette, A.  et al. 201). The workers can avoid early retirement if they adopt proper ergonomic positions while performing their duties.

Most workers who work in the construction industry, such as the fibre installation sector, go into early retirement due to severe injuries sustained in the head and backbone issues obtained in the action of an object hitting the worker at some point (Ndiwa, S.C., 2020). Most of these cases are fatal and, at some point, lead to the death of these workers. This article helps in the evaluation of how the human factors affect the health and safety issues of the workers within the construction companies; such company’s construction which include fibre installation construction, face a severe and huge number of individuals retiring from their jobs as a result of severe injuries obtained (Rudan, I., 2020). According to this article, other people retire as early as age 24years old, leaving few skilled professionals in the construction sector.

In his articles, Henk Jen Manuel, a scholar, investigates Health-related injuries in the construction sector (Castañeda, E. and Shemesh, A., 2020). The research yielded several constructive results in concluding that several severe injuries are being encountered in the construction sector, especially in the fibre installation construction industry. Most of the injuries being obtained are physical injuries which are inevitable during the application of physical skills. Most of these injuries are caused by human factors, which are poorly applied in this sector of construction (Lewis, M.L. and King, D.M., 2019). In this article, the perception of severe injuries is encountered and analyzed on their cause and how the injuries can be analyzed and reduced without them affecting the professionalism of the employees, and how the challenges can be natured and turned around to ensure that the evaluation of human factors affecting managers and employees in the fibre installation companies. Proper application of the human factors is capable of ensuring that the Health and safety of the workers are guaranteed as this is one of how the human factors are implemented to ensure the safety of workers and their Health are in good form (Neumann, W.P. et al., 2021).

Bengt Knave, in his article, working life across culture, researched the challenges that are being experienced by the occupational service offers. Such as the construction sector, where they are new challenges that emerge every day and how these challenges are being managed by the new construction companies in the new sector, which consist of the human factor as contributing factor to the leading to the emerging challenges in the sector (Nielsen, V.L., Nielsen, H.Ø. and Bisgaard, M., 2021). Several construction companies face challenges of cultural issues that emerge as modernity occurs across these industries. The emergence of human factors, such as cultural changes, really affects the sector a great deal with this, leading to negative impacts on the quality of services being offered by the employees in construction sectors, including fibre installation companies (Kohtamäki, M., Einola, S. and Rabetino, R., 2020).

Protective Gear and Ergonomic Positions for Construction Workers

According to Monika Bartczak in her article workaholism and mental health diagnoses, the relationship between workaholism and mental illness is quite high in her article. An individual with workaholism has a high chance of being diagnosed with mental issues. This is because they are depressed as they put more of their emphasis on work and don’t get time to take breaks from their work. This may be due to different assumptions and perspectives, such as taking a break from work is a form of laziness which makes it more complicated for the workaholism, as suggested by Monika (Loscalzo, Y. and Giannini, M., 2020). The chance of workaholism being diagnosed with mental issues is high since such people have a reduced number of hours of rest and sleep, which will result in stress and will cause mental complications to the individual. This is an asset back on the company's side and the ability of the individual to perform such tasks. This is also a hindrance to the quality of the professional constructor's work.

The research method used in this research is the quantitative method of a questionnaire (Kiani, Z.,). The method is appropriate for collecting data among the employees of different contractors involved in the research. The questionnaire is the perfect method of collecting data. This is due to the several advantages it has if it is less costly. It does not require a huge sum of money to conduct. It is cheap as it onl6y requires the individual's attention to being interviewed in this case scenario. The questionnaire is also advantageous since the process itself provides immediate feedback on the question problem. A quantitative method of data collection provides various data analyses as it involves tabulation of data and evidence-based analysis like in this case scenario. The questionnaire gives the employees the perfect opportunity to express their views on how they want their views and issues to be interpreted between the individual workers and their constructors (Shi, Y. et al.,2020). U have chosen the questionnaire method of data collection because it is easy. The information received in the questionnaire is first-hand information as the individual tries to give their initial feelings and perspective on the issue. The topic under the questionnaire is evaluating the role of human factors in the Health and safety of construction workers in fibre home projects in the United Kingdom.

This data is obtained on which grounds the individuals who were questioned about the effects of how human factors affect them at work influencing the rates of injuries in their workplaces (Neumann, W.P. et al., 2021). This research was conducted, and data were collected only among the employees who work on the fibre construction home projects. The human effects under the questionnaire analysis were the attitude of employees in this category and how it influences the injuries in this sector. An attitude of an employee has several impacts on the occupation one is carrying out, especially in construction works (Wu, G., Hu, Z. and Zheng, J., 2019). The second human factor that is under the questionnaire is the working environment of these workers in the home fibre projects, tasks to be performed by the professional personnel, workplace design, leadership, and sources at these workplace sites, policies, and programs within the construction and procedure being followed. Worker competency is another human factor affecting their Health and safety at work, the personality of workers, risk tolerance and workplace culture and communication.

Early Retirement in the Construction Industry

The workers to be used in this questionnaire will be obtained by sampling them from about 60 individuals from 10-20 different constructors to ensure the diversity of the questioning is spread to obtain better answers which are diverse and can help solve the question problem of the research within the allocated time frame of 2 years(Amaechi, C.V et al., 2022) The employees of the 10-20 different contractors within the docket of the city fibre will be asked different but similar questions to enable the research to obtain a comparable result at the end of the research. The employees will be asked the following questions in the questionnaire.

Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire. Please circle answers in the middle column, and feel free to add comments on the right column.  

The questions in the questionnaire are expected to be answered by the employees under these different contractors within the city fibre with discrete honesty and utmost good faith of principle being applicable within this session (Domaszewicz, J. and Parzych, D., 2022). If filling out the questionnaire, the session is expected tit rake about one hour and twenty minutes. This is to ensure that the employees within the city fibre contractors get to answer all the questions properly. The questionnaire answering session is a secret session. The employees are not allowed to discuss their answers freely. This is considered too personal an affair to maintain confidentiality among the employees and their contractors and managers within their working organizations. The questionnaires are to be filled in bolds and capital letters to ensure that the researcher can easily read the answers obtained during this research and, in the event, allow easy tabulations of the obtained data. The researcher will supervise this session to help the employees fill out the questionnaire in case they have any valid questions that they might need help answering in the event. Proper security may be needed in the session of filling the questionnaire in the event of any interruption so that the completion of the data may be achieved positively. The completion will determine the result obtained after the quantitative method of data collection applied in this case scenario has been tabulated (Johnson, J.L., Adkins, D., and Chauvin, S., 2020).

The questionnaire filling will occur at the sites even though in different settings where the employees will be first informed on the right approach to give when answering the questions given. The employees who are 60 will be gathered in the workplaces, which are within the canteens and cafes within the work station. This will be done to ensure that all the selected individuals get the opportunity to answer the questions given at the right place using the right approach. The location where the questions will be answered is serene and peaceful to ensure that the employees get a humble time and peaceful environment without interruption to answer the questions correctly from their perspective (Wong, J.  et al.,2019). The employees will be asked the same questions, but all the answers provided by them will be considered correct ted as they are the primary source of information. Thus, their opinions are highly regarded in helping to achieve the aim of the research, which is based on the ability to find the solution to these human factors that affect the Health and safety of workers in the setting of construction sites and other relevant sectors such as the fibre construction sites which are also under the influence of the human factors and is prone to physical injury and mental health issues and other factors which may be considered a threat to the safety and Health of individuals within this sector of operations.

The questionnaire will be conducted during lunch hours and breaks to ensure that the research event does not interfere with the routine of the workers in that they get to continue with their work during the normal hours and answer the questions within the break. This is to make sure the event of filling the questionnaire takes the shortest time possible to avoid time wastage for both parties involved in this session of filling the questionnaire. After all the applicants have filled out the questionnaire, they will hand them over for analysis as they get back to their respective duties.

The theoretical selection applied in identifying the applicants belongs only to the workers who work within the city fibre company and not any other company apart from the city company. The workers who are expected to fill the questionnaire come from different departments within the 10-20 contractors. Withdrawing applicants from the different calibres of management and dockets will provide a suitable solution for the problem as most of the events that affect the working stations will be represented in both categories, which is more suitable for answering the research questions and achieving the target of the research which is evaluating the human factors on the vent of ensuring the security and safety of the employees in the construction sector such as the home fibre construction in the united kingdom (Goodman, E.P. and Powles, J., 2019). The perspective of the human factors in the construction industry may be solved in different dimensions using the data obtained in the questionnaire filled by the applicants.

For the event to take place smoothly, the consent of the directing manager of the city fibre must be sought to ensure that there will be no violation of the workers' rights during the sessions. This will approve the legal pathway, which is also an important procedure to follow before conducting the questionnaire within the canteens just to ensure that the right protocol is followed and the retrieved from the applicants will be approved and be used for the intended purpose without any legal suites being aimed at the data obtained. During this phase of the research, the analysis of the result obtained will be weight within the period at which the data collection took place to ensure uniformity of the data obtained and the time at which the data was obtained.

Proper timing of data collection and the events about the collection of data will be in apposition to give either correct answers or poor answers, which may be questionable within their respective dockets. Variable items should be given weight when selecting the applicants who are to participate in filling the questionnaires. That is, perspectives such as gender should be considered in the event to ensure that the data which will be obtained after the research is complete is flexible in that it covers the diversity of workers within this sector, another factor that should be considered when selecting applicants to answer the question is the age brackets (Ravndal, J.A., and Bjørgo, T., 2018). Both people from different age brackets who work within the 10-20 contractors must be involved, as this has the potentiality of helping to obtain hybrid and specific results, which are crucial in tabulating the final result within the construction sector. Different applicants from different positions within the company should also be considered. This is to spread the opportunity to obtain a relevant solution to the factors affecting both sides of the employees, both in higher positions and individuals in the lower positions to enable flexibility of the data and results obtained during the research.

The major questions which will be given priority during the event are how the attitude of the employees as a human factor affects the safety and Health of the employees and for, how long can this take to be fixed, and how can the human factor of attitude be fixed to ensure that it is embraced positively between the worker and the employer to ensure peaceful coexistence between the two parties without an event of a collision (Karanikas, N., Melis, D.J. and Kourousis, K.I., 2018). The second question is, how does the work environment as a human factor affect the Health and safety of the workers in the fibre installation in the United Kingdom cities and towns? And how can it be improved to guarantee the safety of the workers within the dockets, and how can it be made peaceful to ensure that the environment is good for the workers? What aspects of the environment should be considered to ensure that the environment is suitable for the workers without difficulty in providing services? The other questions that should be given priority are how work culture as a human factor affects t the Health and safety of the employees in the construction sector and how it can be made suitable to accommodate the needs of proper Health and the safety of the workers?

 In the event of the leadership, what are the appropriate leadership skills required in the construction sector to ensure that the health conditions of the workers are observed? No physical injuries or mental health-related cases are encountered as a result of workplace culture. What are the components of workplace culture, and how their priorities can be diverted to achieve positive results in the construction sector, especially in the fibre installation (Whysall, Z., Owtram, M. and Brittain, S., 2019)? The last question that should be given priority in this case of research is the policies, programs, and procedures placed in this place of work and how they affect the Health of the employees, and what can be done to make them improve the health conditions and the safety of the workers in the construction sector and under which conditions are they applicable to what extent can they be implemented to ensure that the Health and safety of the workers within the docket of the construction sector are improved? What is the role of the United Kingdom government in ensuring that the human factors are properly implanted in the construction sector, especially home fibre installation projects?

The results obtained by the data have several indications on the research where the employees or the applicants have given their views on the effect of the human factors and how they affect the employee's health and sand safety measures which is an important aspect in the employment sectors regarding the life of employees in the construction sector, especially in the home fibre installation sector by the employees. Regarding the evaluation of the human factors on their effect on the safety and Health of employees, the result has indicated that poor application of these factors has led to a poor result in the construction industry resulting in many cases of injury in this sector, as stated by the employees who filled the form during the filling of the form of the questionnaire (Schall Jr, M.C., Sesek, R.F. and Cavuoto, L.A., 2018). The research results, as tabulated in the questionnaire, indicate that most of these human factors result in the physical injury of the employees within the construction due to the non-application of some of the factors in this sector, as stated by most of the worker's opinion.

Most of the employees who filled the form stated that the attitude of the employees is a major factor that contributes to the many cases of physical injury in this sector and hindrance to safety issues as most of the employees have a negative attitude towards their work of construction as most of the anticipated that the pay is low. The class of the job is not prestigious, and they don't do it with passion. Still, instead, they do it to provide for their families and fulfil the duties of daily chores. This is as indicated by 67%of the individuals who filed the questionnaire (Wong, T.K.M., Man, S.S. and Chan, A.H.S., 2020). The other factor analyzed in the result was that most individuals have a negative attitude towards their bosses. Thus, they tend to perform their duties recklessly, leading to most of the themes obtaining physical injuries due to carelessness within the sector.

Another observation made in the result is that several employees do not feel that the working environment favors them. 53% of the individuals involved in the questionnaire stated the environment as futile, with many complaints coming from being assigned many duties by their bosses, which is regarded as an overload of work within the sector (Cavico, F.J., and Mujtaba, B.G., 2021). Most of them claim that due to the pressure of installing fibre in many homes and cities within the United Kingdom, the city fibre company has employed few employees compared to the number of homes in which the installation should take place. That is a team of experts who are supposed to install fibre in two homes a day and install fibre internet in four homes which is double the workload compared to the normal situation of two homes a day. This pressure of installing the network fibre in many homes in a day has led to at least 3% of the employees obtaining injuries which jeopardizes their safety at work.

Poor policies at work are another factor that has caused the most cases of injuries at work due to the ignorance of the policies made by the employees within the home fibre installation job. Most contractors do not have specific rules and regulations regarding the instruction to be followed by the employees when they execute their duties at different stations. This has caused about 77% of physical injury cases to be severe, with the most prone one being injured due to poor dressing code among the employees. That is caused by a lack of protective gear at these workstations. An employee can come to work without a helmet, gloves, overalls, and proper boots at work. This has created several unsafety measures at work as this has even caused other individuals to retire early due to fatal injuries, which have made other people crippled due to being poked by nails and other sharp, dangerous objects which other workers carelessly placed. Poor policy and regulations were also mentioned in the perspective that employees must install fibre networks in at least four homes. This has made the employees working for city fibre work late, which at times put their lives in danger of being attacked and robbed as they get off from work quite late.

Most of the human factors, when implemented poorly, may result in risking both the Health and the safety of the employees (Buheji, M. and Buhaid, N., 2020). As per the result obtained from the questionnaire, it is clear that 89% agree that many injuries have been obtained due to poor implementation of the human factors within the construction sector. Negative attitude is a major cause of the situation, increasing the number of injuries per department within the working organization. The fatal injury rate (1.62 per 100,000 workers) is around 4 times the all industry rate.

This rate is statistically significantly higher than that for workers across all industries (1.7%). The number of injuries caused by different aspect in the construction sector such as fibre installation in the United Kingdom is as indicated by the graph below. 

 Figure1.1

Poor policies at work are another factor that has caused the most cases of injuries at work due to the ignorance of the policies made by the employees within the home fibre installation job (Çak?r, E., 2019). Most contractors do not have specific rules and regulations regarding the instruction to be followed by the employees when they execute their duties at different stations. This has caused about 77% of physical injury cases to be severe, with the most prone one being injured due to poor dressing code among the employees. That is caused by a lack of protective gear at these workstations. An employee can come to work without a helmet, gloves, overalls, and proper boots at work. 

This has created several unsafety measures at work. This has even caused other individuals to retire early due to fatal injuries, which have made other people crippled due to being poked by nails and other sharp, dangerous objects that other workers carelessly placed. Poor policy and regulations were also mentioned in the perspective that employees must install fibre networks in at least four homes. This has made the employees working for city fibre work late, which at times put their lives in danger of being attacked and robbed as they get off from work quite late.  

 The specific individual's behavior is another factor that can be observed in the result as other causes of health complications and complications in this sector (Jungmann, S.M. and Witthöft, M., 2020). Most employees tend to behave carelessly since they are aware that the insurance company will cover the injuries. They will be compensated, and most of the time, this carelessness results from inti injury. The number of injuries which are being conceived annually in the construction industries such as fibre installation is higher compared to other occupation as indicated by the graph below.

The compensation does not even cover the hospital bills, which is a disappointment to them in most cases. Some of the employees working for the city fibre company suggested mentioned that the other human factor affecting Health and safety is poor implementation of rules within the internal contractor's docket. That is, they tend to break the ethical reputation of the company to secure these contracts, which at times to them results in incompetency as they get hired on the jobs that they do not qualify for as some of the fibre installations are more advanced than other installation cases, this results in them struggling to meet the needs of the client which in the process some of them get stressed and obtain mental issues. In contrast, others obtain physical injuries which are a result of corruption in the construction sector. So poor internal implementation of the rules results in the negative result in the attempt to ensure the safety of the employees within the sector of fibre installation.

I would recommend that more safety issues should be placed in the construction sites in the United Kingdom to ensure that the injury cases are reduced within the construction sites and installation sites. Many managers should consider making new rules to ensure that the injuries within installation of fibre industries to ensure the safety of workers. He managers within these installation segments should create physiology sectors to ensure that the workers are mentally okay so that they can work effectively within their area of jurisdiction as this will also improve their level of working within their sites. Proper working instruments should ensure that there is more safety in working sites as the tools should be in good conditions and they should be labeled properly. The workers should be properly trained to ensure that they work safely and they are in apposition to ensure that the tasks are performed safely and in a proper way.

When the research is completed it will help many individuals and scholars in future with source of references as it is a rich document full of facts and current information which will prove to be successful to engineering students who are taking other survey courses in construction and installation areas. This article will also prove to be useful to the lecturers of engineering classes with reference of theories and facts that can be applied within the United Kingdom.

Conclusion

In conclusion the health and safety of the workers within the fibre installation are safe and their ethical codes within this areas should be observed as they ensure that workers are safe and their wellbeing are observed looked into. The installations should be carried effectively and appropriately with required appropriate tools to ensure that the installation is done smoothly and perfectly. The workers should also be trained to enhance safety within their working station. According to Emma Christie proper provision of proper gears can provide the employees with safety as this will ensure that they protected from the dangers which can be prevented by wearing protected gears such as gloves and helmets.in similar case according to Monika Bartczak people are workaholic have high chances of obtaining mental health issues are hence should be given guidance and advice on the appropriate method to follow within their working stations.

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