Nursing Essay On Heart Failure Management: An Annotated Bibliography.

Discuss about the Research in Nursing for Heart Failure Disease Management.

Gorthi, J., Huntera, C. B., Mooss , A. N., Alla, V. M., & Hilleman, D. E. (2014). Reducing heart failure hospital readmissions: A systematic review of disease management programs. Cardiology Research, 5, 126-138.

Gorthi et al. (2014) conducted a systematic review analysis of various researches that use different heart failure (HF) disease management programs (DMPs) to minimize hospital readmission of people suffering heart failure. The study aim was to evaluate available researches conducted to determine the efficiency of DMPs in controlling hospital readmission of people with chronic HF. The review data involved on-line authentic research studies randomly collected from reliable resources like PubMed, Cochrane library and EBSCOHost from the year 1975 to 2014. The research studies analyzing DMPs on more than 50 patients were included in review analysis. The efficiency was analyzed on the basis of hospital readmission or mortality outcomes. The DMPs analyzed in the review were outpatient clinic care, home visits, telemonitoring (invasive and non-invasive) and structured telephonic support. As per findings, telemanagement DMP showed potential to reach a wide range of patients at one time in cost effective manner as well as structured telephone support DMP showed a control in HF hospital readmission. The home visits and outpatient clinic care were limited in terms of accessibility and cost to control hospital readmission. Thus, the review findings provide inconsistent results and cannot be considered potentially effective to interpret the effect of HF DMPs.

Rees, K., Dyakova, M., Wilson, N., Ward, K., Thorogood, M., & Brunner, E. (2013). Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(12), 1-113.

Ress et al. (2013) provided a review of various interventions that provide information on dietary advice to manage cardiovascular diseases and conditions. The study aims to provide effective dietary advice that can help to improve cardiovascular risk profile among adults 18 or above dwelling in the community. There were less than 25% participants diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Only 10% participants were allowed to use pharmaceuticals as per essentiality. The participants included children, pregnant women and weight reducing people. The review method involved randomly controlled trails involving group or individual level studies on dietary intake and follow up of minimum three months to four years. The dietary interventions involved only advice related to diet like minimizing fat intakes, food modifications, vegetable and fruit intake etc. The outcome methods were biomarkers, cardiovascular risk factors and self-report by participants. The study findings indicated a remarkable change in cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, blood pressure, urinary sodium excretion indicating the positive response of dietary advice provided in review studies. The self-report by participants indicated increase in fiber intake, development of healthy eating habits and increase in energy levels. Lastly, this review study provided lot information on the impact of changing dietary intake on cardiovascular risk. The results obtained are highlighting a positive change minimizing cardiovascular risk along with the change in cholesterol and blood pressure risk of the participants.

Gorthi et al.: Reducing Heart Failure Hospital Readmissions via Disease Management Programs

Stromberg, A., Martensson, J., Fridlund, B., Levin, L-A., Karlsson, J-E., & Dahlstrom, U. (2003). Nurse-led heart failure clinics improve survival and self-care behaviour in patients with heart failure: Results from a prospective, randomised trial. European Heart Journal, 24, 1014-1023.

Stromberg et al. (2003) provide a study on clinical survival and self-care behaviour practices provided by nurses led to heart failure clinic. The study aim is to analyse the impact of nurse-led heart failure clinic on the self-care behaviour, mortality and morbidity of patients admitted to hospital due to heart failure. The research method involved 106 participants who were admitted to clinic affected by heart failure or having symptoms or risk of heart diseases. The follow-up from these patients was collected in visits performed after 2-3 weeks of discharge up to 12 months. Most educated and experienced nurses were provided responsibility to manage medication protocols, educate patients and provide treatment in follow-up visits. The research data was compared to control group data where participants getting usual care were the control group. The research findings indicated a positive impact of nurse-led care interventions on target population because the hospital admission due to death or chronic heart failure condition were very few among target participants when compared to control group getting usual interventions. There is 55% decrease detected after 12 months of implementing the intervention indicates a positive impact of self-care education and nurse-led clinic interventions. Further, study group even had higher self-care score of 3 compared to control group. Therefore, the study concludes that nurse-led heart failure clinical interventions can help to minimise the impact of risk developed after heart failure as well as help patient to develop a self-care attitude.

Gorthi et al. (2014) review on different researches conducted to analyze the impact of different Heart failure (HF) disease management programs (DMPs) can be considered as a reliable source of information because the database is collected from most authentic websites providing reliable information. This information about hospital readmission DMPs can be used to manage the condition of Charlie because he is confronting hospital readmission as an outcome of chronic heart failure he had 2 years before. Heidenreich et al. (2013) indicated that nursing interventions in managing the chronic condition like heart failure, stroke, kidney disease, infection etc. play a very important role to minimize the ruthlessness of that condition.

This review study can be considered as a reliable resource in terms of quality because study data is collected from most reliable online websites. Secondly, the methodology, sample researches and analysis tools are crucially analysed to gather best possible outcomes. The review findings include the use of proper statistics that provided most authentic outcomes. The review clearly mentions that the outcome obtained about studied DMPs are not sufficient to determine the efficiency of HF disease management program proves its reliability.

Rees et al.: Dietary Advice for Reducing Cardiovascular Risk

In the review different DMPs working on wide range of population are compared to analyze the effect on hospital readmission after heart failure incidence. Out of these DMPs, telemonitoring and structured telephone support are considered as effective DMPs to control hospital readmission. These DMPs can be used as a part of the nursing care plan to manage Charlie condition in provided case.

According to Yancy et al. (2013) studies diet is an important factor for chronic heart disease because diet helps to manage body cholesterol, triglyceride and fatty acids, which minimizes the risk of cardiovascular arrest or attack. This review study provided by Ress et al. (2013) is a best-suited example to study the impact of dietary advice in chronic heart risk because 44 trials were reviewed in this study with both individuals and groups as participants of the study. There were many interventions on dietary management provided by professionals or dieticians. The study involves analysis the impact each and every dietary intervention on the health of participants. The variation in dietary intervention intensity is helpful to get best health results because the impact of dietary intervention changes from person to person having different body type (Aiken et al. 2014). Therefore, best intervention is detected by such study because the intervention providing maximum positive response can be considered as universally suitable for all body types (Stewart et al. 2012). This review study provides this information about best suitable dietary intervention to control chronic heart disease risk.

The study quality is refined, specific and reliable information sufficient for provided case analysis. The study involves statistical analysis to get authentic and measurable results understanding the impact of dietary change on cardiovascular risk. The study involves each and every possible detail sufficient enough to implement it as a beneficial reference resource in the study. This review analysis on dietary intake shall help to manage the overweight condition of Charlie in provided case scenario. According to Drewes et al. (2012) studies weight issues in old age people is a tough task to handle along with other health risk conditions. This review is a very detailed account of different dietary interventions and their impact on health. Therefore, this review will work as a beneficial resource to manage the health condition of Charlie to develop best nursing interventions related to weight management issues developing chronic heart failure risk.

The nurse-led heart failure clinics improve survival and self-care behaviour development study provided by Stromberg et al. (2003), is a proper scientific research based on evidence to study the impact of nursing care on patient outcome. The study is effective and accurate in terms of participating population, calculation tools and statistical analysis providing strength and authenticity to findings. The quality of data is impactful containing every bit of detail about research performed in the study. However, the only limitation is the time duration of research, which is only 12 months.

Stromberg et al.: Nurse-Led Heart Failure Clinics

Stamp, Machado & Allen (2014) indicated that 12 months is a very small duration to analyze the long-term impact of lifetime condition life heart failure. In contrast, Heidenreich et al. (2013) opine that a comparison between control group and study group provides reliable results even in short duration time of any research. Therefore, this study can be considered as a beneficial resource for developing nursing interventions in provided case scenario. As Charlie in the present case is a 75-year-old man requiring management of his chronic heart failure condition, this research will help the involved nurse to develop best contemporary practices to develop self-care behaviour for Charlie to manage his health condition at home.

Chronic heart failure and its consequences remain a major health hazard to contemporary people irrespective of significant management, care and treatments the risk still remains high (Feltner et al. 2014). In the provide scenario, 75 years old Mr. Charlie is also facing consequences of his chronic heart failure during his readmission to hospital after 2 years of incidence. This indicates a lack of care interventions for Mr. Charlie after his first chronic heart failure (Aiken et al. 2014). According to Siouta et al. (2016) studies about multidisciplinary care principles for chronic heart failure (CHF) that are used in Australia to provide high-quality nursing care. These principles are the list of specific guidelines and strategies that can benefit patients suffering CHF.

Further, Riegel, Jaarsma & Strömberg (2012) indicated that nutritional therapy provided by nurses that involves sodium restriction in patient diet can help to control pulmonary congestion. This intervention would help to manage the peripheral oedema of Mr. Charlie. Radhakrishnan, Topaz & Creber (2014) studied about controlling heart risk in old age patient where most workable interventions included managing fluid intake, maintaining activity tolerance and establish a powerful connection with the patient. This study would be beneficial to be used in the provided case because Charlie is also an old age male suffering similar chronic condition.

References

Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Griffiths, P., Busse, R., ... & McHugh, M. D. (2014). Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study. The Lancet, 383(9931), 1824-1830.

Drewes, H. W., Steuten, L. M., Lemmens, L. C., Baan, C. A., Boshuizen, H. C., Elissen, A. M., ... & Vrijhoef, H. J. (2012). The Effectiveness of Chronic Care Management for Heart Failure: Meta?Regression Analyses to Explain the Heterogeneity in Outcomes. Health services research, 47(5), 1926-1959.

Feltner, C., Jones, C. D., Cené, C. W., Zheng, Z. J., Sueta, C. A., Coker-Schwimmer, E. J., ... & Jonas, D. E. (2014). Transitional care interventions to prevent readmissions for persons with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of internal medicine, 160(11), 774-784.

Heidenreich, P. A., Albert, N. M., Allen, L. A., Bluemke, D. A., Butler, J., Fonarow, G. C., ... & Nichol, G. (2013). Forecasting the impact of heart failure in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation: Heart Failure, 6(3), 606-619.

Radhakrishnan, K., Topaz, M., & Creber, R. M. (2014). Adapting heart failure guidelines for nursing care in home health settings: challenges and solutions. The Journal of cardiovascular nursing, 29(4), E1.

Riegel, B., Jaarsma, T., & Strömberg, A. (2012). A middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness. Advances in Nursing Science, 35(3), 194-204.

Siouta, N., van Beek, K., Preston, N., Hasselaar, J., Hughes, S., Payne, S., ... & Hodiamont, F. (2016). Towards integration of palliative care in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic literature review of European guidelines and pathways. BMC palliative care, 15(1), 18.

Stamp, K. D., Machado, M. A., & Allen, N. A. (2014). Transitional care programs improve outcomes for heart failure patients: an integrative review. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 29(2), 140-154.

Stewart, S., Carrington, M. J., Marwick, T. H., Davidson, P. M., Macdonald, P., Horowitz, J. D., ... & Scuffham, P. A. (2012). Impact of home versus clinic-based management of chronic heart failure: the WHICH?(Which Heart Failure Intervention Is Most Cost-Effective & Consumer Friendly in Reducing Hospital Care) multicenter, randomized trial. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 60(14), 1239-1248.

Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., Butler, J., Casey, D. E., Drazner, M. H., ... & Johnson, M. R. (2013). 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62(16), 1495-1539.